(Big) data for env. monitoring, public health and verifiable risk assessment-new technologies with innovative handling with data gaps
1. «(Big) Data for
Env. Monitoring, Public Health and Verifiable
Risk Assessments-
New technologies with innovative handling
with data gaps»
1. Five Cases of big handling in the past (1854),
2. State-of-the-art uses,
3. The prospects ahead.
Andreas N. Skouloudis
andreas.skouloudis@jrc.ec.europa.eu
2. Mapping example of near (real)-time process
• Cartography identified the origins of the cholera during the London
Broad Street epidemic in 1854.
• The containment of the epidemic was effective when the water
pump was sealed at the Soho Broad Street.
7. 2d AutoOil Programme
1. Select modelling periods for annual mean and episodes;
2. Input data on land use, topography, meteorology (multi-layer), and emissions
(PiG) in order to characterise each modelling domain;
3. Definition of three dimensional wind patterns using meteorological models with
two-way nesting;
4. Calculation of concentrations of different pollutants using full photochemistry;
5. Validation of the modelling results;
6. Adjustment of 1995 emission inventories to 2010;
7. Simulation runs for 2010 and comparison with objectives;
8. Development of emission reduction targets and simplified emission/air quality
relationships (source apportionment);
9. Investigation of alternative emission scenarios (sensitivity tests);
10. Generalisation for all cities in the 10 domains
(1065 towns, or 46% of EU15 urban population or 27% of all EU25 pop).
8. Actual measurements in 2010
BIG Data analysed 91,980,000 hourly records
(2years*365days*24hours*5species*1050geo-locations)
9. Environmental Monitoring …
• Satellite and UAVs for
covered areas:
High resolution of
affected areas.
High revisit periods are
essential.
• In-situ climate sensors:
Real-time datasets
compact (weather)
stations.
Not rely only on synoptic
observations.
10. Climate advancements
Examples …
1. GISS ModelE2.
2. Ron L. Miller et.al. measurements since 1850 AGU at the
J. of Advances in Modelling Earth Systems.
11. Big data for regulatory applications
• Real-time 10min met data
Examples …
1. Eliminate the use/uncertainity of questionnaires.
2. Harmonize highly heterogeneous data, fill data gaps
and verification of population effects.
3. Deal with questions of society and ethics.
• Personal activity data
12. Population density maps from mob telephones
Francesco Pantisano EUR Report 27361 and
http://opencellid.org
13. … sensors and underwater robots
•…divers collect and sending samples back to the lab to
be tested,
•This FP7 robot makes this process real-time with
chemical sensors that makes these tests in-situ.
•…3000 buoys deployed at seas for conventional data
(GEOSS)
14. … sensors for citizen needs TrackR
• …ideal for practical applications but,
• Essential for real-time security and
vital intervention in emergencies in-
situ (earthquakes).
15. Final remarks Areas and Specific Efforts
• Environmental monitoring per sec has
consequences for proliferation of data and for
pushing research to a new generation of tools;
• There is always a temporal lag in integrating layers
of information for environmental monitoring &
health and this can effect cumulative population
exposure;
• Regulatory applications can significantly advance in
combination with new monitoring tools (telematic
use, citizens, traffic counts, RS etc);
• Big data are already available for several areas
applications and for assessing specific occupational
hazards. It is the handling that redressing.
• Big data are useless if not aiming to resolve
problems that remain unsolved until now.