ARTS and
HUMANITIES

Learning Objectives
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Define arts.
Differentiate arts
from humanities.
Identify the various
mediums of arts.
Discuss the
nature of arts.
Explore the
subjects used
in arts.

Arts
Appreciation
The knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless
qualities that identify all great art. It involves certain time periods,
movements, styles and techniques to better understand its content
and context.
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 These existed in the form of dance, painting, music and poetry
accompanied by ancient rituals.
 Cave paintings and drawings reflect ancient religion, beliefs and
visions.
 Early sculptures were associated with religion, gods and goddesses as
most common subject.
.
Indigenous Arts
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MEANING OF ARTS

Etymology
✔ Aryan root word “ar” – to join or put together
✔ Greek word “artizein” – to prepare and “arkiskein” – put together
✔ Italian word “artis” - craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form,
inventiveness, and association that exist between forms and
ideas and between material and techniques (A. Tan)
✔ Latin word “ars” – ability or skill (J.V. Estolas)
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According to Pablo Picasso,
“Art washes away from the
soul of dust everyday life”.
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Definitions of Art
Aristotle, Greek (384-322
BC) – “a work of art
should base on mimesis
(imitation)
Plato, Greek (2500
years ago) – “art
depended on harmony
created by symmetry
and proportion”
Albert Einstein – “true
art is characterized by
an irresistible urge in
the creative artist”
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Definitions of Art
John F. Kennedy – “art
establishes the basic
human truths which
must serve as the
touchstone of our
judgment”
John Dewey – “art is an
attitude of a spirit, a
state of mind – one
which demands for his
own satisfaction and
fulfilling, a shaping of
matter to new and more
significant form”
Panizo & Rustia – “skillful
arrangement or some
common but significant
qualities of nature to
express human feelings,
emotion or thoughts in a
meaningful and enjoyable
way”
.
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Definitions of Art
Leonardo da Vinci – “the
individual artist should
engage in intellectual
activity of a higher order
and attempt to capture
the inner life – energy
and power – of a subject”
Oscar Wilde – “it is
through art, and through
art only that we can
realize our perfection;
through art and art only
that we can shield
ourselves from the sordid
perils of actual existence”
Pope John Paul II – “every
genuine art in its own way
is a path to the inmost
reality of man and the
world. It is therefore a
wholly valid approach to the
realm of faith which gives
humans existence the
ultimate meaning”
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NATURE OF ARTS

4 Common Essentials of Art
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1. Art must be man made.
2. Art must be creative not imitative.
3. Art must benefit and satisfy a man.
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium.

The Beautiful in Art
 Aquinas
Beauty is something
which pleases us upon
being seen
 Adler
An artwork has admirable
beauty when it possesses an
intrinsic excellence or
perfection that is
appropriate to that kind of
thing
 Immanuel Kant
Looking at the beautiful that
is necessary for the mind to
see and contemplate beauty
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Artist
Practitioners such as painter,
sculptor, dancer etc. who produces
or creates indirectly functional
arts with aesthetic value using
imagination.
The Artists and Artisans
Artisan
Craftsmen such as carpenter,
carver, plumber etc. who produces
directly functional and decorative
arts.
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
ARTS AND HUMANITIES
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Arts
 Often used to describe the visual arts, performing arts, literary
arts, and industrial arts
 A product of man’s need to express himself (F. Zulueta)
 It acts as a medium to communicate with human beings about
changes in environment.
 As time passed in modern academia, art became part of humanities.

Humanities
 Latin word “humanus” which means:
• refined (norms, being civilized, and socialized),
• cultured (adaptation to environment, social interaction), and
• human (having nature of people, being human).
 A study of how people process and document human experience.
 It uses arts to express experiences.
 It includes literature, linguistics, history, philosophy, human
geography, law, religion, politics, and art.
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Why study Arts and Humanities?
✔ Aesthetic experiences influence us to change our ways and behavior.
✔ Transform us into highly-cultured, dignified, and respectable human
beings.
✔ Arts may beautify humanity and bring out the good and noble in us.
✔ Through arts, we know the changing image of man as he journeys
across time, searches for reality, and strive to achieve the ideals that
create meaning for life.
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SUBJECTS OF ARTS

Subject of art serves as the foundation
of the creation of the work of art.
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Types of Subjects
Representational
or Objective
Nonrepresentational
or Non-Objective
Painting, literature and
theatre arts
Music, architecture and other
functional arts

Ways of Representing Subject
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REALISM
When things are depicted in ways
they normally appear
DISTORTION
When figures are arranged that
proportions differ noticeably
from natural measurements
Simplifying and reorganizing
objects and elements in demand
of artistic expression
ABSTRACTION
Realism plus distortion
SURREALISM

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DISTORTION
SURREALISM
ABSTRACTION
REALISM

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Kinds of Subject

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Landscapes, seascapes,
and cityscapes Still life Animals

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Portraits Figures Everyday life

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History and legend Religion and mythology Dreams and fantasies

MEDIUM OF THE ARTS

MEDIUM
Materials used by artist to
interpret his feelings or thought.
Comes from Latin word “medium” –
means by which an artist
communicates his idea.
Medium and Technique
TECHNIQUE
Manner in which the artist
controls the medium to achieve
desired effect. Techniques differ
in the various arts.
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Many mediums are used to create different work of arts.
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 The architect uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete, and various building
materials.
 The painter uses pigments on wood or canvass to create reality of nature.
 The sculptor uses steel, marble, bronze, metal and wood.
 A musician uses instruments to produce and communicate a message and a literary
writer uses words.

Basis of Medium
✔ Visual arts
Mediums can be seen and occupy space like 2D arts (painting, drawing,
printmaking and photography) and 3D arts (sculpture, architecture, landscape,
crafts).
✔ Auditory arts
Mediums can be heard and expressed in time.
✔ Combined arts
Mediums can be both seen and heard and exist in both time and space.
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The Artist and his Medium
1. The artist thinks, feels and gives shape to his vision.
2. He believes that his choice can best express the idea he wants to
convey.
3. He normally selects the materials that can be handled with ease,
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The Artist and his Technique
1. Artists differ from one another in technique even if they use the
same medium.
2. Technique differs in the various arts.
3. An artist technique in one medium will be quite different from his
technique in another.
4. The distinction between art and craft may be made on the basis of
the techniques.
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Mediums of
Visual Arts

1. Painting
Art of creating meaningful effects on flat surface using pigments.
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Water color Tempera paints
Fresco

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Pastel Encaustic Oil Acrylic

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2. Mosaic
Art of putting small pieces
of colored stones
3. Stained glass
Combining small pieces
of colored glass
4. Tapestry
Fabric produced by hand weaving
colored threads upon warp

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5. Drawing
Done on paper using paper, pen and ink or charcoal. Most fundamental of all art skills.
Ink Crayons
Pencil leads Charcoal

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6. Silverpoint
Produce thin grayish on
prepared paper
7. Printmaking
Anything printed on surface and
result from duplication process
8. Lithography
Done in smooth surface, treated
chemically/mechanically

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9. Sculpture
Construction of figure by putting together module segments of the material.
Metals
Stone Jade Ivory

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Plaster Glass Wood
Clay

“
Art brings life in
harmony with the
beauty of the world.
Plato
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