Power In International Relations

Power in International Relations
The conception is power in International Relations is a key to a better understanding of the discipline. In many cases the definition of power affects
the way in which many issues are tackled in foreign policy or security. There are many theories that try to deal with the conception of power, however
they make a rather large number of assumptions that might make them difficult to applicable in real life. Furthermore many of them does not take
into consideration that power evolves, therefore if we want to understand and conceptualize power in the international sphere it is crucial to analyze
different theories and conceptions of it.This essay will argue that power is a broad term that can best be conceptualized and explained in IR by a
multiplicity of theories. In making this argument, this essay will first explain why power power is crucial in the study of International Relations. Then
two theories of power from the realist tradition , one of the neoliberalist tradition, one of postmodernism and a critical theory of realism will be
outlined. This theories of power will be explained and compared in order to create a complete conceptualization of the term power than can be applied
to the twentieth first century
The realist view of International Relations explains that power is crucial for International Relations because every state is in the pursuit of it.
Furthermore the words power and powerful are used very often in the international spectrum, however a definition of it
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International relations (IR) focuses on the behaviors and interactions of states. Walt (1998), argues that IR is guided its dominant paradigms: realism,
liberalism, and constructivism. Nevertheless, other scholars focus on perspectives that are informed by regional history. For example, Smith (2009)
suggests that African perspectives can inform IR theory. In this essay, I will discuss how African perspectives inform IR theory. First, I'll discuss the
focus of African perspectives. Second, I'll discuss how the African perspective informs IR theory. Third, and finally, I'll conclude with a summary of the
main points of the essay. African perspectives, provide political, social, and economic context and cultural experiences that are crucial to IR theory.
Specifically, African perspectives focus on the importance of contextual and cultural differences betweenAfrica and the rest of the world to enrich IR
theory. The African context is dominated by diversity yet it is still marginalized from core IR theory. The contextual differences between the political,
social, and economic environments between Africa and the world have distinct implications for "the practice and study of international relations."
(Smith 272). One of the chief contextual differences is the distinction of states in Africa being states solely in name. The state–centrism of western IR
theory is thus not acknowledged in African perspectives as states are not considered the main focus. This retreat from state

Debating since middle school made me concluded that I want to study international relations and I hate debating yet I love story–telling. What I don't
like about debating is not only because we have to be ruthless for the reason all that matter is how we win the motion from the other side without taking
concern of other party's opinion, but also the win–lose situation that debate forced. What I like about story–telling is not only it is fun since all that
matter is everybody should put their best in telling their own share of story because there is no right or wrong side of the story, but also it is a
win–win situation. For me, my bachelor study was also a win–win; I did well on all university students aspects: academic, organizational,...show more
content...
Diplomacy and negotiation is a smoother way of debate. In diplomacy we shall not be rude in expressing our opinion and we should mind others
opinion highly. Therefore I like diplomacy and negotiation better because in negotiation we should compromise each other's interest to success, in other
words it's more likely a win–win situation. To be able to exercise diplomacy and negotiation in the best way of possible I took part in several
international conference simulations. After trying my hand at diplomacy for the first time in the new student orientation program, I was selected to
represent my university to participated in Short Diplomatic Simulation of 21st Indonesian International Relations Students National Meeting. I
received Best Performance award as Head Delegate of Lao PDR in an ASEAN Conference Simulation. I want to practice my diplomacy in a more
global sphere so I participated in Indonesia Model United Nations in 2010. Although as the Head Delegate of Turkey in General Assembly I didn't
receive any award, but I gained a tremendous experience and an unexpected description of United Nations' decision–making process, which is very
complicated.
I think organizational and leadership qualities are important in conducting diplomacy. Hence I have many organizational activities during my bachelor
study. After holding several head division positions, on the third year I was the Vice President of the Students

This paper will compare and contrast two International Relations concepts, Neo–Realism as the problem–solving theory and Feminism as the critical.
Within this analysis, the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the two theories will be discussed. As the contemporary approach of Realism,
Neo–Realism also considers the nation–state to be the key–actor, and the overall to be goal be survival. However, with conflict being inevitable, rather
than focusing on human nature, Neo–Realism states that the lack of a central authority, results in an anarchic international system of nations
contending for power. Furthermore, Feminism can be argued as a critique towards these traditional theories. As it focuses on the world through a lens of
gender and equality, not just the state. Removing the state as the key player, allows the individuals of a nation to no longer be undervalued. This in turn
will allow the development of females, in a system that is dominated by male control, influence and disproportionate worldview.
With both theories being very different in framework, strengths and weaknesses will vary, however they will also show small similarities. An important
beginning factor of comparison is that these theories both have referent objects or key actors. For Neo–realism, the referent object is the 'state', and
co–operation is not a number one agenda, rather a method of self–help is initiated. The importance of the state in this lens, allows for the
de–emphasizing of the

The Importance Of International Relations
In the international system, international relations (IR) theories play an important role in helping people understand how nation–states interact with
each other. In their 2017 book, The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, Baylis, Smith, and Owens explore two
prominent IR theories, liberalism and realism, both of which recognize the existence of anarchy and the importance of the state in the international
system. Realists define anarchy as a lack of "overarching central authority above individual sovereign states" (Baylis et al. 105). The international
system is governed by both anarchy and by law and cooperation. This is evidenced by the following: law and cooperation exists in the international
...show more content...
113). For instance, as a member of the United Nations (UN), Kuwait received military and humanitarian aid from other UN states during the Gulf War
(1991–2) through the principle of collective security, which follows that "each [member] state in the system accepts that the security of one is the
concern of all, and agrees to join in a collective response to aggression" (Baylis et al. 120–22). At the same time, IOs and liberals understand the
importance of a state's right maintain self–determination of its own territory and population (Baylis et al. 121; 546). Lastly, with combined economic
and military power, all member states help "punish" or subdue any state that threatens their universal liberal doctrine of human rights and democratic
freedoms (Baylis et al. 121). According to the liberal democratic peace theory, democratic states avoid war and maintain peace with each other in
comparison to undemocratic regimes (Baylis et al. 119; 533). Thus, when each member state maintains the common interests of the IO, peace and the
establishment of some international authority remains a possiblity.
However, when international organizations unite to impose liberal values on non–democratic or authoritarian regimes through the instigation of wars,
this form of law and cooperation leads to anarchy or unchecked power in the international system. The democratic peace theory is a fallacy as liberal
democratic states

Study International Relations Essay
Why Should One Study International Relations? Have you ever thought about studying international relations? What is international relations?
International relations is an interdisciplinary course which encompasses a lot of subjects such as history, economics, politics and sociology. One may
argue that it is an intricate course; however, one has to bear in mind that international relations is a gratifying course which has a lot of benefits for those
students who study international relations but in this essay only two major ones will be introduced. It is significant to study a course like international
relations which can provide students with different job opportunities. There are many different types of occupations for those who study...show more
content...
With variety of job opportunities, chances to see different countries and more prominently, opportunities to learn more and more every day,
international relations is an enjoyable field to study at college, especially for those people who want to broaden their horizons and foster their cultural

English School Theory Essay
Theory, in general has various meanings in Social Sciences, most in particular in, International Relations. That is the term "Theory" can be defined
in various ways and means. Simply put, theory can be defined as a concept of explaining something. Furthermore, theory can be defined as a series
of propositions about political behaviour inductively derived either from empirical studies or the comparative examination of case materials from the
past (Akinboye & Ottoh, 2005). It can also be defined as a set of proposals of action for the statesman. The essence of the definition of the term "Theory
" is to understand weather or not, the English School qualifies as a theory of International Relations. The origin of English School started in LSE,
London School of Economics, in the department of International Relations by C.A.W Manning, Martin Wight,Hedley Bull, Adam Watson, Alan James
and John Vincent. It should be mentioned that one critique of the English School theorist is on how not so English they were, with their developer;
Manning being South Africa., which is proof of the loose geographic link between the theory and its name (Wilson, 2013). In addition, the English
School was designed to incorporate the two major theories that were trying to explain International Outcomes namely, Realism and Liberalism; in order
to come to a better, more complete understanding of International Relations, English School theorists sought to answer an essential: How is one to
incorporate the

Introduction:
Why has a collective, global solution to climate change become stuck? What international relations theories can explain this and how can they facilitate
better cooperation between countries? A global climate change solution has been stuck due to the unwillingness or inability of developed nations like
the U.S. to take responsibility of their large share of the past and current greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing emissions in developed countries is not
enough, and the weighted action needed cannot be equal between developed and developing nations. This means we cannot expect large developing
countries such as India and China to reduce their emissions at the same rate as the U.S., or other developed nations. The Paris Climate Agreement has
been ineffective in the sense that the agreement is not binding or you could say lacks obligation. Another reason why a collective action has been stuck
is the problem of the lack of uniform acceptance that climate change is real, most notably in the U.S, which creates a battle internally on how to
address it. This lack of acceptance can influence the policy of states, such as the U.S., which has directly contributed to the U.S.'s inability to meet their
requirements in the Paris Climate Agreement. Also, the power of private interests can have major effects on policy, especially in a political system
such as the U.S.
Institutionalism and Constructivism are two international relations theories that can explain this

The Theory Of International Relations Essay
Power and interests has always been the basis of the relationship among societies. As a result of the quest along the history for the survival and
development of the organized human groups around the world, the international orders emerged to set how states relates to each other based on the
amount of power that they have and the interests they share at different moments of the history. With the evolution of societies, international orders
changes because of a major clash between great powers where it is necessary a zero sum situation. To explain this, the paradigms of international
relations will be the main tool. The rise of an international order is a result of the accumulation of power by a few big actors that are searching for
hegemony. This is the idea that realist paradigm proposes, and it is useful to understand how the countries related each other during the major part
of the history (from ancient times to middle age), where big empires and kingdoms divided the globe. Anarchy is the natural state of things , and
then power is the source of order that allowed to the great powers to survive by taking resources from weak states under its protection. Through the
realist lens, great powers fought each other for raw materials and colonies, and the actors (states) were personified by only one person (the emperor
or king) using their big armies as tool to impose only their interests. Alliances were a classical way of agreement, motivated only for the need to
balance power

International Relations Essay
The first paradigm of international relations is the theory of Realism. Realism is focused on ideas of self–interest and the balance of power. Realism is
also divided into two categories, classical realism and neo–realism. Famous political theorist, Hans Morgenthau was a classical realist who believed
that national interest was based on three elements, balance of power, military force, and self interest (Kleinberg 2010, 32). He uses four levels of
analysis to evaluate the power of a state. The first is that power and influence are not always the same thing. Influence means the ability to affect the
decision of those who have the power to control outcomes and power is the ability to determine outcomes. An example of influence and power...show
more content...
The power of a state is always contextual and relative. The final level of analysis Morgenthau considers to be important is whether or not the power is
legitimate and moral or if it is illegitimate and immoral. Legitimate and moral power carries considerable weight in the international community.
However, if the power of a state is derived from illegitimate sources such as a dictatorship the international community will be less responsive to that
state, weakening its power. Weak or small states may enter into alliances with stronger states to increase their power and influence within the
international community (Kleinberg 2010, 33–34). Morgenthau also believed that the charisma and personality of a leader was very important when
reviewing the balance of power and understanding a state's self interest (Kleinberg 2010, 32). Realism focuses on the balance of power and how it
impacts of actions of state actors within the international political system. Morgenthau said that, "The aspirations for power on the part of several
nations, each trying to either maintain or overthrow the status quo, leads of necessity to a configuration that is called the balance of power and to
policies that aim at preserving it" (Morgenthau 1967,131). He goes on by explain that not only is the balance of power and the policies that protect it
inevitable but also that they are essential for

Statement Of Purpose For International Relations
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE International Relations is an important discipline in order to understand how the global system works. By studying
International Relations, it is possible to analyze political, social and economic issues throughout the world and develop possible solutions for those
issues. My aim to pursue master degree in International Relations is to enhance my current analyze and problem solution skills on international politics
and international economic relations. Thus, by pursuing master degree in International Relations, I will be able to develop more sophisticated point of
view towards international politics and economic effects on international politics. By pursuing International Relations master degree at University of
Massachusetts...show more content...
In addition, I had the opportunity of case studies. Which gave me a well–rounded perspective on particular cases in International Relations. For
instance, at Turkish Foreign Policy class, we analyzed Cyprus Issue with all aspects, actors, approaches and events. By learning international security
theories, I was able to realize that, every conflict and situation can be systematically and sophistically analyzed by IR theories. Without studying
security theories, international disputes cannot be analyzed and understood properly. Throughout my studies as an undergraduate student, the
importance of economic effects on International Relations became obvious to me. Current market liberal economic system and multi–national
companies affect policy making processes of the states. Economic crisis affects nearly every country on the globe because of economic interdependence
between countries. Thus, in order to understand and gain more sophisticated perspective about economic effects on IR, I attended classes as,
International Economics, History of International Economic Relations and History of Economic

Essay about International Relations
International Relations
As I look back on high school, I remember walking through the hallways and seeing people and groups of all kinds. The hallways were lined, side to
side, with different groups of different people with different ideas and opinions. I, myself, was part of a clique also. However, my clique inter–mingled
with other cliques as we exchanged our ideas, opinions, and experiences. There were some other cliques that did the same as they did not isolate
themselves from the rest of high school life. However, there were also the other kinds of groups which committed themselves to that group, and they
did isolate themselves from everyone else.
Now, let's take these cliques and turn them into full–scale nations. The high...show more content...
This isolation from the rest of the world instills a sense of security within the people and within the government. They do not have to trust any other
nations, nor do they have to rely on any other nations for anything. Basically, they decide that it would be best for them to work out political situations
by themselves instead of looking to a foreign government as a model to deal with the situation.
However, this also shows one of the weaknesses of localization. If a nation isolates itself politically from the rest of the nation, then there is a good
chance that they will fall behind with the times; thus, they may lose face when it comes to their status on the world stage.
Economically, globalization supports the expansion of trade, production, and investments to markets outside their own. This expansion is apparent
when we look at the formation of such institutions as the European single market, the North American free trade area, the newly emerging Asian
groupings, and the "long overdue" formation of the World Trade Organization. These institutions have allowed nations (that accept globalization) to
experiment with several different markets in order to achieve economic gain.
Large corporations now participate in foreign markets instead of remaining within a domestic market. They know that people are fascinated by the
cultures of other races, and they implement facilities into other nations. For instance, James Rosenau

International Relations Essay
Introduction: At the end of WWII in 1945, Western Europe and arguably the entire world looked to the United States for a recovery plan. Great
Britain was loosing control over its colonies, France and Germany had been destroyed by the war, and the Soviet Union was gaining power. This put
the United States in a position of power, the question that arises with this is, does the United States try to gain control as the hegemonic power in the
international system? Is there a real necessity in the region of the Middle East to gain the hegemonic power in terms of U.S national interest/security?
International Relation realists would say of course there is. Within the discipline of International Relations there are several paradigms and...show more
content...
These three factors all interact in several cases to support the conclusion that the post–WWII United States was in fact trying to gain control as the
hegemonic power which supports the Realist claim that states are self–interested power seeking rational actors.
Regionalism:
Intro:
Regionalism can mean two different things; in one sense of the word it is the joining of states in a geographic region to form a relationship
whether it be an alliance or just an acknowledgment that each other's policies will affect one another. In the other sense of the word it is a concept
of how to view the world. An example of this would be Spiegel's quotation of Greek foreign minister, Dora Bakoyannis, " In the Middle East, there
is no way of definitely solving an issue while ignoring the others, This is why we need an integrated strategy for dealing with the Middle East as a
whole...." In this case I will be examining the first situation, the cooperation of several states in a geographical region, and how it impacted U.S
foreign policy toward the region. According to Hinnebusch, a state's geopolitical position specifically defines the threats and opportunities it faces.
Thus, a states power position in the regional system is shaped by its resources, size of territory and population, and the strategic importance or
vulnerability of its location, shapes its ambitions. Therefore small states are more

International Relations
AIS 3121 Theories of International Relations
Are companies more powerful than nation–state in international relations?
Chak Shu Fai, 52626878
Introduction
This essay will focus on the influential relations between companies and nation–states in international relations. It is a serious issue because companies
have raised the importance in international relations, especially non–governmental organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).
According to the data collected by the Union of International Associations, there were over 66,000 international organizations, include NGOs and
IGOs, in 300 countries and territories in 2013. More approximately 1,200 new organizations are added each year (Sheldon, 2014). The major increasing
numbers of the international organizations is one of the evidence to show their powerful status in international relations....show more content...
For instance, it functions as a response to problems of incomplete information, transaction costs and other barriers to improve the efficiency and welfare
for their members (Barnett & Finnemore, 1999). The concept of powerful international organizations also can be found from professor Weiler (2003),
international organizations have increasingly themselves interpreted their powers in an expansive manner that blurs the role of State consent, and
States have increasingly conferred broader public powers of governance on international organizations. There is no doubt that international
organizations have taken a deeper role in international relation, but it has different degrees of influence toward small nation states and big countries. In
order to have a clearer picture of international organization's influence in international relations, the essay is divide in two part. First, it comments on
small nation–state would be largely affected by

Malaysia's International Relations Essay
Perhaps the assignment uses an opportunity to address the case of Malaysian particularly on the aspect of international relations in order to analyze the
behavior pattern of the characteristics of international politics, utility diverse historical junctures in which shifting bases of state power, paths of
growth, and official manipulation of social identities join in the regulation of social order that facilitates capital accrual while maintaining state
legitimacy in a multi–ethnic context. Therefore the term international relations can be describe in various dimensions such as political economy that
basically looking into way of discovering how politics generates power over economics as well as associate. On the other hand international...show
more content...
In considering diverse historical junctures of Malaysia linked with international relations going back to the colonial era evidently the British rule in
Malaya between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most evidently has brought about the establishment of rubber plantation and the
emergence of tin industries or term as "twin pillars" of colonial financial system for the purpose of growing demands of US and British commercial
and manufacturing (during war material) interests. In addition to that the expression and perform of colonial 'good government' to generate social
order that can be utilize of an export economy has create the system of divide and rule attitude.
Another issue is on the basis of diversified historical context of Malaysia in conjunction with international relations can be analyses best on the policies
and legislations, particularly with regards to immigration, labour, land and education, oversaw the edifice of 'racial' traits. However Malays, together
with those that are seeking to advocate a strict term of Islamic model of governance, tremendously rejected the British suggestion of a Malayan Union
with the intention to constitute equal power sharing among the ethnic groups.
On the issue of multi–ethnic and inter–ethnic group tension has been so intense on the after math of the May 1969 elections as the issue of Alliance
Party was

The Importance Of International Relations
International relation is a major discipline in social science, which illustrates international politics on a worldwide scale. International relations study
the history, culture, government, economy, and social aspects of nations around the globe. Studying of international relations became so vital for every
nation to understand other countries' national interests in terms of politics and economy. In the twenty first century, there having been conflicts around
the world with so many great powers are involved. Scholars in the field of international relations face challenges, while they analyze or conduct
researches about other nations' politics because every day international politics are changing so rapidly(Hall,2015).
Throughout human history, there have been always conflicts and dissatisfaction among human kind. People always want more and to be powerful,
especially powerful countries. In today's politics, great powers have changed the world dynamic in terms of their presence in some parts of the world
and international relations became a significant major school for every nation to understand the global politics. It determines how countries react in
international level due to implementation of their interests within the region and globally. Scholars in the field read books, articles and listen to daily
news while they do research on a region or country. This sometimes makes harder for scholars to gather all their information from that specific nation
due to security or

Essay on International Conflict
1. International conflict among countries is more likely of what we may think. Today there are many different ongoing conflicts. International conflict
is a stage of opposition, disagreement or incompatibility between two or more states (Malek). The term "international conflict" referred to conflicts
between different nations and conflicts between people and organizations in different nations (Mr. Turetzky lec 11). It also applies to inter
–group
conflicts within one country when one group is fighting for independence or increased social, political, or economic power. International conflicts can
be divided into two branches: private international conflict and public international conflict. A private international conflict is a disagreement...show
more content...
Probably, there will be always conflict among countries impossible to control. However, we humanity has to do something to don let conflicts
transform in war. Conflict may be solved; but it is hard to control the destructive of a war. 2. There are different theories that seek to explain why
humans still fight in war. Some of the individual, state and global level theories of conflict are based on: Human Nature or Individual Leaders,
States' Internal characteristics, and Global Level System (Turetzky lec 11). Human Nature arguments for the causes of war are based in Sigmund
Freud idea that "aggression is simply part of human nature that stems from humans' genetic programming and psychological makeup." Realists also
"argue that violence is a product of bad human nature" and that there is not anything to eliminate this bad human habit. I believe that it is true that
humans' nature is composed with an instinct of violence (War). However, society has a lot to do with the expansion of this bad habit. Today
aggression is embedded in everything, which enforces our acceptance and practice of violence. Obviously, as realists argue, it is almost impossible to
eliminate this bad habit from human nature. In contrast, the individual Leader arguments blame the state leaders for wars. However, we can't blame a
country's leader for war. The author Stoessinger, stated in his book that a state head's perceptions are decisive in war (Stoessinger 65). I believe that a
leader's

Realism is one of the main theories within International Relations. It provides the view that all actors within the international system act on their own
self–interests to gain power. This essay intends to discuss its usefulness as a theory and the reasons for and against it being used to analyse world
affairs. Firstly, it shall discuss how the theory is advantageous as it explains how shifts in the balance of power can lead to conflict however it is
unable to explain why the distribution of power changes. Second, it will portray how it is useful because states do not need to be labelled as good or
bad to fit the theory although it disregards the idea of Natural law and gives a cynical view of human morality. Finally, it will suggest that as the theory
is very parsimonious, it can be applied to multiple situations within the world system. On the other hand, it will be said that it fails to look at
individuals within a state and their influence on the actions of the state. These costs and benefits will be conveyed through the current tensions between
the USA and North Korea to link the theory in with current world politics.
It can be said that in the case of the USA and North Korea, the current tensions developed further because of the start of nuclear weapons programmes
in North Korea which created panic in US government (Pevehouse and Goldstein, 2017, p. 31). Realism highlights how this shift in the balance of
power threatens US security as they are no longer a more

Essay On International Relations
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
This report describes briefly about the history of International Relations (IR) and United Nation (UN) Organization as well as the role of UN in
international relation with the world government. It also contain about the importance of international relation and the actors and influencers, power
politics, waning of the war, international system, foreign policy, military force and terrorism, international organization, law andhuman rights.
Moreover, it also involve the correlation between International Relations and United Nation Organization as well as the work of UN and its agencies
worldwide in handling different issues within the International Relation context.
International relations is mainly concerned with the relationship among nations. The study mainly focuses on the actors, social and economic structure
as well as geographical and historical influences of the nations, which are blended together for the initiation of International Relations globally.
International relations refer to the study of the associations among states and other political as well as financial units in the global organization. It is
concerned with foreign policies and affairs between national governments. It begins with an appreciation of the issues faced by...show more content...
International relations is enhanced more and more by developing mutual understanding among countries as well as respecting each other human rights
and freedom. International relation may fail without support and guidance from UN organization, which helps to develop peace and safer world for us
and future generation, concerned with the actors, social and economic structure as well as geographical and historical influences of the nation. These
all the aspects and issues of international relations are blended together for the better world with the support and role of UN

Power In International Relations

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