Bushmeat research in the past 3 decades: What has it changed for sustainable hunting?

ATBC, Cairns 20-24 July 2014
van Vliet N., Cornelis D. and Nasi R.
Bushmeat research in the past 3 decades:
What has it changed for sustainable
hunting?
www.cifor.org/bushmeat

Introduction
Mammals
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Bushmeat is defined by the CBD (2008) as any non-domesticated terrestrial mammals, birds, reptiles and
amphibians harvested for food. Insects, crustaceans, grubs, molluscs and fish are excluded from this
definition.

Introduction
 4 million tons / year in the
Congo Basin
 1 million tons/ year in the
Amazon
BeefBushmeat
• Europe produces 7,5 million tons
/year of beef
• Brazil (second world producer)
produces 8,5 million tons /year of
beef

Bushmeat as an evolving topic
• Ecological issues
• Socio-economic issues
• Health issues
• Cultural issues
Transitions in disciplines, theoretical frameworks and
management options tested in the field
Future trends in bushmeat research

Transitions in disciplines and theoretical
frameworks related to Bushmeat
Ecological issues (1990-onwards)

Ecological issues (1990s-onwards)
Simple biological models
Robinson & Redford, 1991

Law enforcement and sensitization
(Hyp: Hunting is criminal, unsafe and
unsustainable)
Department of Geography & Geology

"According to BIOLOGICAL MODELS,
HUNTING IS UNSUSTAINABLE AND
DUIKERS ARE BOUND TO BECOME
EXTINCT, but DUIKERs don't know
anything about BIOLOGICAL
MODELS, so they ahead and SURVIVE
anyway.”
Nathalie van Vliet

Transitions in terms of the theoretical
frameworks used for the analysis
“Long-term population monitoring programmes
will be the most informative approach to provide
baseline information against which any hunting
effects and/or conservation interventions can be
monitored”
REV I EW A N D
SY N TH ESI S Searching for sustainability: are assessments of wildlife
harvests behind the times?
Karen Z. Weinbaum,1
* Justin S.
Brashares,1
Christopher D.
Golden1,3
and Wayne M. Getz1,2
Abstract
The unsustainable harvest of wildlife is a major threat to global biodiversity and to the millions of people
who depend on wildlife for food and income. Past research has called attention to the fact that commonly
used methods to evaluate the sustainability of wildlife hunting perform poorly, yet these methods remain in
popular use today. Here, we conduct a systematic review of empirical sustainability assessments to quantify
Ecology Letters, (2013) 16: 99–111 doi: 10.1111/ele.12008
REV I EW A N D
SY N TH ESI S Searching for sustainability: a
harvests behind the times?
Karen Z. Weinbaum,1
* Justin S.
Brashares,1
Christopher D.
Golden1,3
and Wayne M. Getz1,2
Abstract
The unsustainable harvest of wildlife is a major t
who depend on wildlife for food and income. Pas
used methods to evaluate the sustainability of wild
popular use today. Here, we conduct a systematic
the use of sustainability indicators in the scientiﬁ
Ecology Letters, (2013) 16: 99–111

Socio-economic issues (2000 onwards)
“There is a need to shift the bushmeat debate onto more
positive terrain, recognizing the many benefits which the
trade in wild meat offers the range state economies”.

Ecological issues (1990s onwards)
Markets
Food
security
and
nutrition
Local
livelihoods
Poverty
and
income

Law enforcement
and sensitization
Alternatives of livelihood
(Hyp: People will switch to
other alternatives of
income and food if those
were made available)

Ecological issues (1990 s onwards)
Socio economic issues (2000 onwards)
Health issues (2005 onwards)

Ecological issues (1990s onwards)
Socio economic issues (2000 onwards)
Health issues (2005 onwards)
Cultural aspects (2010 onwards)

Bushmeat in the international policy framework

Future trends in Bushmeat research
Food security and
health
Cultural Identity
Ecological foot print

Multifuntionality of hunting
Sustainable hunting and trade?

Future trends in Bushmeat research
Is sustainable hunting still possible?

Future trends in bushmeat research
Resilience
theory and
socio-
ecological
systems
Biological
models
Bio-economic
models
Spatially explicit
models
Multidisciplinary approaches:
Economy
Ecology
Ethno biology
Health ….
Innovative techniques
Camera trapping
Genetics
Telemetry
Bio-chemical analysis
Modeling tools
….

Pictures: Nathalie
Van Vliet, Daniel
Cornelis, Blanca
Yague
THANK YOU
In Cairns
FORESTS, WILDLIFE & NUTRITION

Innovative ways for conserving the ecosystem services
provided by Bushmeat
 Should African governments pull bushmeat trade out the shadows in the Congo Basin? (Cornelis D.)
 Can alternative livelihoods projects reduce hunting pressure? Lessons from Central Africa for practitioners and
donors (Coad L.)
 Health and economic valuation of the subsistence harvest of wildlife in Madagascar (Golden C.)
 Change in Game Harvest Composition, southeastern Cameroon: A Potential Indicator of Overhunting for Local
People (Yasuoka H.)
 Towards Sustainable Bushmeat Procurement To Improve Food And Income Security In Amazonia (Pinedo Vasquez
M.)
 Predicting hunting behavior among indigenous communities in Ecuador: insights from a bioeconomic model (de la
Montaña E.)
 Participatory monitoring of the bushmeat trade in the amazonian triborder frontier (Colombia, Peru & Brazil) (Cruz
D.)
 Economic value of bushmeat in the Amazon and poverty alliviation (Hernandes S.)
 Cultural Connections of Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tropical Forest through Bushmeat Networks in
Leticia (Colombia) (Yagüe B.)
 Beyond protein intake: bushmeat as a source of micronutrients in the tri-frontier region (Brazil-Colombian-Peru)
(Mori F.)
 Certifying bushmeat market chains: an option for sustainable hunting in Colombian Amazon ? (Quiceno M.P.)

Bushmeat research in the past 3 decades: What has it changed for sustainable hunting?

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Bushmeat research in the past 3 decades: What has it changed for sustainable hunting?