Getting REDD+ Off the Ground: Challenges and Opportunities’ - Case of Berau Forest Carbon Program - Indonesia
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Presented by Wahjudi Wardojo, this presentation focuses on the specific REDD+ challenges from the eyes of the Berau Carbon Forest Program in Indonesia.
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Getting REDD+ Off the Ground: Challenges and Opportunities’ - Case of Berau Forest Carbon Program - Indonesia
- 1. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) COP 19/CMP 9 Event ‘Getting REDD+ Off the Ground: Challenges and Opportunities’ Case of Berau Forest Carbon Program Indonesia © Scott Warren Wahjudi Wardojo (wwardojo@tnc.org) Senior Advisor for Conservation Policy TNC Indonesia Program Friday, 15 November 2013 Column Hall, University of Warsaw
- 2. BFCP – why Berau? Indonesia Government – TNC: Berau Forest Carbon Program BERAU FOREST CARBON PROGRAM •REDD+ Project covering the whole district area, 2.2 million ha •75% district area was forested •Threat: logging, plantations, mining •Net emissions from deforestation and legal logging of 10.4 M tonnes CO2 per year (2000-2010) •Demonstration phase: 2011-2015 after 2.5 years preparation
- 3. BFCP – strategy implementation Production Forest: RIL, HCVF / Cross-Cutting: certification Plantations: Improved spatial planning siting, better Improved governance swaps, land (capacity building,HCVF, best policy and legal framework) practices Protection forests Community empowerment and better engagement, improved management, livelihood REL Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 sustainable financing Historic Performance Period 1
- 4. Berau Forest Carbon Program (BFCP) Goals for 2015: •800,000 hectares of forestland under effective management •10 million tons of CO2 emission •Conserving critical watersheds •Protecting the habitat of 1,500 orangutans and other biodiversity •Creating improved economic outcomes for local communities •Generating experience for national/regional/global application
- 5. PRESSURES 1. Large‐scale Plantations (timber or perennials such as oil palm) 2. Mining 3. Large‐scale Timber Harvest (legal mechanized extraction by companies) 4. Small‐scale Frontier Agriculture (for example, slash and burn by colonists) 5. Small‐scale Traditional Agriculture (for example, Swidden by Local inhabitants)
- 6. CHALLENGES 1. Issuance Licenses that Potentially Lead to Deforestation 2. Inconsistent Commitment From the District Government (Linked to Lack of Financial Incentives and Sense of Ownership) 3. Limited Resources and Capacity of District Government Agencies to Manage Forests Effectively and Enforce Law 4. Limited Coordination among Donors and Implementers 5. Limited Capacity of Civil Society Organizations and Communities 6. Inability for BFCP Implementers to Provide Good Estimate of Overall Benefits at the Moment
- 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CHANGES AT NATIONAL AND GLOBAL LEVELS IN THE FUTURE Indonesia REDD+ Agency Operates Agreements on Interim Financing Between now and 2020 for Performance-Based Incentives and Other Incentives. Implementation of MoU (Central-Provincial-Districts Governments) that would Lead to more Transparent Licensing Processes. Advocate Jurisdictional Approach and That REDD+ should be Beyond Carbon and Beyond Forests BFCP Lesson Learned are Used for Global Negotiations and Bilateral as well as Multi-lateral Cooperation
- 8. DEALING WITH CHALLENGES 1. Support and Facilitate the MoU between UKP4 (President’s Office Unit), East Kalimantan Province, and Three District Governments (Including Berau). 2. Help Creating Appropriate Financial Incentives for District to Support Low Carbon Development 3. Support Strengthening of District Government Agencies through Technical Assistance and Secondment 4. Help Building the Capacity of Local NGO’s and Communities
- 9. THANK YOU
- 10. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- WHY BERAU? Based on our experience, we knew that the transition to national scale would be hard. We wanted to find a place to make a big investment in making it work. Berau District is one of the places we felt we had the best chance of making a real contribution. High forest, high threat: Forest loss throughout Kalimantan has been high Berau’s forest loss has been relatively low, though there has been extensive logging One of the largest areas of lowland in Borneo The threat in the future is rapidly rising. Winrock International study predicted a 10x increase in deforestation in Berau over a 10 yr period Biodiversity: One of the largest areas of intact lowland forest, large orangutan population (1500) Proboscis monkeys, sun bears, gibbons, banteng, leaf monkeys, Bornean peacock pheasants Local government commitment: Historical commitment to sustainable forest management Programs to build on: Range of different TNC programs: production forests, spatial planning, community protected areas IT IS A LARGE (DISTRICT-SCALE) SUB-NATIONAL PROGRAM ! For following reasons: Enable integration across scales and sectors Landscape approach will enable to better monitor and reduce leakage In-line with the decentralization process in Indonesia, where the authority and the responsibility to manage (forest) natural resources are practically laid with local government For the time being sub-national is probably all that feasible and the development of this project could be a good example for national implementation
- OVERVIEW OF APPROACH The plan is for BFCP to be a meta-project, with multiple “projects sites” of different types within it The carbon accounting framework would be developed for the district overall, with projects included within that framework. CLICK: Performance compared to a district Reference Emission Level Emission reduction strategies: The idea is to develop incentive agreements with different types of land managers: timber concessionaires, oil palm, managers of protection forest (legal mechanism to be determined) CLICK: RIL: critical for addressing degradation, critical for keeping natural forests managed as natural forestsmaintaining production with lower emissions avoids leakage Helping natural forest concessions stay profitable and well-managed prevents neglect and deterioration of forest and progress toward eventual conversion to plantation CLICK: Oil palm: goal is to maximize productive use of degraded lands before developing oil palm in forested APL areasmaking degraded land available and maintaining production avoids leakage CLICK: Protection forest: According to ICRAF data, roughly 15% of emissions in Berau between 1990-2005 were from hutan lindung. Developing effective management in threatened areas of hutan lindung is critical for watersheds, biodiversity, and carbon Cross-cutting programs improved spatial planning: improved governance (capacity building, policy development/alignment) community empowerment and engagement improved livelihood
- Jurisdictional approach; scenario 3 (internal allocation framework/bundling) Enablers and site strategies Maximize the focus of resources on “no regrets” strategies that are valuable in many different funding scenarios (market/non-market; sub-national crediting or not) The Berau Forest Carbon Program (‘BFCP”) is a comprehensive, District-wide approach to supporting economic and community development, while significantly reducing deforestation and forest degradation relative to the business as usual scenario. BFCP seeks to achieve this goal through two sets of strategies: Enabling strategies to strengthen the capacity of government agencies operating in Berau, undertake sophisticated land-use planning, and reform and implement relevant policies and regulations relevant for natural resource management in Berau. Site-based strategies to transition timber concessions into legal and sustainable logging practices, to regulate the expansion of palm oil plantations in forested areas, and to establish effective management mechanisms for protection forests The sponsor of BFCP is the BFCP Steering Committee, chaired by the vice-Bupati of Berau and including key stakeholders from multiple levels of government. The Nature Conservancy is a key advisor of BFCP, providing assistance on the overall design of the program, technical support on key areas of implementation, program funding, and advice on other elements of the program. TNC is not a member of the Steering Committee, but does provide ongoing strategic and technical advice to the SC.