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A Case Study of the Edwards Aquifer 
Nathan Pence 
Executive Director โ€“ Endangered Species Programs 
Edwards Aquifer Authority
Edwards Aquifer
Edwards Aquifer 
โ€ข Balcones Fault Zone 
โ€ข Limestone and Artesian Aquifer 
โ€ข Aquifer responds directly to pumping or recharge 
โ€ข 4350 square miles 
โ€ข Austin, San Marcos, New Braunfels, San Antonio 
โ€ข Headwaters to San Marcos and Comal Springs
Edwards Aquifer cont. 
โ€ข Guadalupe River baseflow 
โ€ข Home to Endangered Species 
โ€ข Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle 
โ€ข Comal Springs Riffle Beetle 
โ€ข Fountain Darter 
โ€ข Peckโ€™s Cave Amphipod 
โ€ข San Marcos Salamander 
โ€ข San Marcos Gambusia 
โ€ข Texas Blind Salamander 
โ€ข Texas Wild Rice
Demands on Edwards Aquifer 
โ€ข Municipal Water 
โ€ข Agriculture Use 
โ€ข Industrial Use 
โ€ข Recreational 
โ€ข Biological 
โ€ข Spring Flow 
โ€ข Pumping vs. Springflow 
Pumping vs Springflow
Limitations of the Edwards Aquifer 
โ€ข 1956 Drought of Recordโ€“ Comal Springs ceased to flow for 6 months 
โ€ข Increased demand 
โ€ข San Antonio: population of 2 million 
โ€ข Surrounding communities 
โ€ข Increased Development / Reduced Recharge 
โ€ข Drought magnifies all 
โ€ข Endangered Species Act of 1973
Legal Challenges 
โ€ข Sierra Club v USFWS 1991 
โ€ข Sierra Club alleged that unrestricted withdrawals from the aquifer would cause 
take of Endangered Species. Courts agreed and established โ€œtakeโ€ and 
โ€œjeopardyโ€ flow rates; water supply restrictions 
โ€ข 2012 Deadline for โ€œContinuous Minimum Springflowsโ€ for the species 
โ€ข Senate Bill 1477 - 1993 
โ€ข Established EAA and set withdrawal limits

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Edwards Aquifer OWLS '14 Presentation

  • 1. A Case Study of the Edwards Aquifer Nathan Pence Executive Director โ€“ Endangered Species Programs Edwards Aquifer Authority
  • 3. Edwards Aquifer โ€ข Balcones Fault Zone โ€ข Limestone and Artesian Aquifer โ€ข Aquifer responds directly to pumping or recharge โ€ข 4350 square miles โ€ข Austin, San Marcos, New Braunfels, San Antonio โ€ข Headwaters to San Marcos and Comal Springs
  • 4. Edwards Aquifer cont. โ€ข Guadalupe River baseflow โ€ข Home to Endangered Species โ€ข Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle โ€ข Comal Springs Riffle Beetle โ€ข Fountain Darter โ€ข Peckโ€™s Cave Amphipod โ€ข San Marcos Salamander โ€ข San Marcos Gambusia โ€ข Texas Blind Salamander โ€ข Texas Wild Rice
  • 5. Demands on Edwards Aquifer โ€ข Municipal Water โ€ข Agriculture Use โ€ข Industrial Use โ€ข Recreational โ€ข Biological โ€ข Spring Flow โ€ข Pumping vs. Springflow Pumping vs Springflow
  • 6. Limitations of the Edwards Aquifer โ€ข 1956 Drought of Recordโ€“ Comal Springs ceased to flow for 6 months โ€ข Increased demand โ€ข San Antonio: population of 2 million โ€ข Surrounding communities โ€ข Increased Development / Reduced Recharge โ€ข Drought magnifies all โ€ข Endangered Species Act of 1973
  • 7. Legal Challenges โ€ข Sierra Club v USFWS 1991 โ€ข Sierra Club alleged that unrestricted withdrawals from the aquifer would cause take of Endangered Species. Courts agreed and established โ€œtakeโ€ and โ€œjeopardyโ€ flow rates; water supply restrictions โ€ข 2012 Deadline for โ€œContinuous Minimum Springflowsโ€ for the species โ€ข Senate Bill 1477 - 1993 โ€ข Established EAA and set withdrawal limits