California Asphalt Pavement Association
CARB Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) Regulation
March 23, 2023
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Overview
• Background
• Proposed Advanced Clean Fleets Regulation (ACF)
• Phase in zero-emission vehicles (ZEV)
• First hearing October 2022
• Second hearing April 2023
• Next steps
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Major Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Fine Particulate Matter
(PM2.5) Emissions Reductions Needed
• California has the worst air quality in
the nation
• Unique challenges in San Joaquin Valley
and South Coast
• Heavy-duty trucks and federal sources*
remain largest contributors
• More reductions needed to meet
meet 2031 and 2037 attainment
• Nearly all heavy-duty trucks to have
2010 model year engines by 2023
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*Planes, trains, ships
California Ozone Non-Attainment Areas

Biggest Trucks Have Highest Emissions
Class 2b-3 Trucks and Vans
1,164,000 (64%)
Class 4-8 Straight Trucks and
Buses
427,000 (24%)
Class 7-8 Tractors
219,000 (12%)
Daily Truck Population
Class 2b-3 Trucks and
Vans
68.5 tpd (26%)
Class 4-8 Straight
Trucks and Buses
69.3 tpd (26%)
Class 7-8 Tractors
129.7 tpd (48%)
Daily NOx Emission
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Source: California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Inventory EMFAC2021, (https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/) Calendar Year
2021, including California International Registration Plan (IRP) and out-of-state IRP trucks; excludes motor homes, transit
buses, and school buses.

Governor’s goal - 100% zero-emission transportation by
2045 where feasible
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Measures to Clean Up Heavy-Duty Vehicles
2018
Innovative Clean
Transit
2019
Zero Emission Airport
Shuttle
2020
Advanced
Clean Trucks
2020
Heavy-Duty
Omnibus
2021
Heavy-Duty
Inspection and
Maintenance
2023
Advanced
Clean Fleets
Future
Zero-Emission
Truck Measure
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Advanced Clean Truck Regulation
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• What is it?
• Requires manufacturers to sell zero-
emission trucks beginning with 2024
model year – sales % increases over time
• Who is regulated?
• Any manufacturer that certifies on-road
vehicles over 8,500 lbs. gross vehicle
weight rating for sale in California
ACT Regulation https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/rulemaking/2019/advancedcleantrucks

Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT)
• Manufacturers must sell ZEVs as
a percentage of sales*
• Approved June 2020
• Begins with 2024 model year
• Credit for sales start in 2021
• Minimum tractor sales
• Flexibility to shift sales
between categories
• One-time fleet reporting
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Model Year
(MY)
Class 2b-3 Class 4-8
Class 7-8
Tractors
2024 5% 9% 5%
2025 7% 11% 7%
2026 10% 13% 10%
2027 15% 20% 15%
2028 20% 30% 20%
2029 25% 40% 25%
2030 30% 50% 30%
2031 35% 55% 35%
2032 40% 60% 40%
2033 45% 65% 40%
2034 50% 70% 40%
2035+ 55% 75% 40%
*Partial credit for near-zero emissions vehicles (NZEVs). NZEVs are plug-in hybrids with minimum all electric range

Advanced Clean Trucks:
California is not Alone…
Section 177 of the Clean Air Act allows states
to adopt California motor vehicle standards​
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Adopted ZEV Regulations
Advanced Clean Cars - 12 states
Advanced Clean Trucks - 6 states
Medium- and Heavy-duty ZEV Commitments
17 states and DC
Province of Quebec, Canada

Favorable Total Cost of Ownership
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$0
$30,000
$60,000
$90,000
$120,000
$150,000
$180,000
2025 2030
Class 2b Cargo Van TCO
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
2025 2030
Class 5 Walk-in Van TCO
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
2025 2030
Diesel Battery-Electric Fuel Cell Electric
Class 8 Day Cab Tractor TCO

Regulation Components
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Drayage Trucks
State and Local
Government Fleets
100% ZEV
Sales by 2036
High Priority Fleets

100 Percent ZEV Sales Requirement
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Starting 2036, all Class 2b-8 vehicles sold into California must be ZEVs
• Provides certainty to the market and supply chain for
manufacturers, fleets, infrastructure providers, service
technicians, partner agencies, and local governments
• Expands market choice
100 Percent ZEV Sales
Begins 100 percent ZEV sales in 2036 instead of 2040 model year [§2016(b)]*

High Priority and Federal Fleets
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High Priority Fleets
Affected businesses
Fleets with >$50 million in
annual revenue
Affected vehicles
Class 2b-8 vehicles
Fleets with 50+ vehicles,
including common ownership
and control Off-road yard tractors
Light-duty delivery vehicles
Federal government fleets​
Entities that hire or dispatch
fleets

Model Year Schedule Summary
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High Priority Fleets
Registration required for
legacy trucks
Newly added
trucks must be
ZEVs or NZEVs
Must annually
report mileage
for tractors over
12 years
ICE vehicles
removed after
useful life
exceeded
January 2024 January 1, 2024 January 2025
• Legacy trucks may operate until the end of their useful life
• May use certain exemptions and extensions
• ICE vehicle removals begin January 2025 [§2015.1(b)]*
January 1, 2025*

Model Year Schedule Provisions
• Extensions allow for extended use of legacy trucks
• Vehicle Delivery Delay [§2015.1(c)(5)] *
• Infrastructure Delay [§2015.1(c)(3)]*
• Backup vehicles [§2015.1(c)(1)]
• Exemptions to purchase new California certified ICE vehicles when the
legacy truck has >700,000 miles or >16 years*
• ZEV Purchase Exemption if not available as ZEV [§2015.1(c)(6)]*
• Daily Usage Exemption [§2015.1(c)(2)] *
• Mutual Aid Exemption for new ICE purchases [§2015.1(c)(8)]*
• Accident provision [§2015.1(c)(10)]*
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High Priority Fleets

Optional ZEV Milestone Phase-in
• Open to High Priority and State and Local Government fleets*
• Must meet ZEV milestones as a percent of total fleet
• Flexibility to add new ICE vehicles that are California certified*
• Flexibility to add used ICE vehicles with 2010 or newer model year*
• Rental vehicle provision [§2015.2(d)]
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Zero-Emission Fleet Percentage​ 10% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Group 1: Box trucks, vans, 2-axle buses, yard trucks, light-
duty package delivery vehicles
2025​ 2028​ 2031​ 2033​ 2035​
Group 2: Work trucks, day cab tractors, 3-axle buses​ 2027​ 2030​ 2033​ 2036​ 2039​
Group 3: Sleeper cab tractors and specialty vehicles 2030​ 2033​ 2036​ 2039​ 2042​
Work truck means any single-unit truck that is not a box truck, van, bus, or specialty vehicle
ZEV Milestone Option

Exemptions and Extensions
• Purchase new California certified* ICE vehicles if remaining ICE vehicles cannot be replaced
with ZEVs or NZEVs
• ZEV Purchase Exemption if a ZEV is not available [§2015.2(f)(6)]*
• Daily Usage Exemption [§2015.2(f)(2)]*
• Must apply 1 year before compliance date
• Existing ICE vehicles will count as ZEVs temporarily
• Infrastructure Delay [§2015.2(f)(4)]*
• Vehicle Delivery Delay [§2015.2(f)(5)]*
• Vehicles excluded from fleet ZEV calculation
• Backup vehicles [§2015.2(f)(1)]
• Intermittent snow removal vehicles until 2030 [§2015.2(f)(10)]*
• Mutual Aid Exemption ICE vehicle purchases [§2015.2(f)(8)]*
• Waste and wastewater fleets extension [§2015.2(e)]*
• Transient rental vehicle provisions [§2015.2(d)]
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ZEV Milestone Option

Drayage Trucks Requirements
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Drayage Truck Requirement
Registration required for
legacy trucks
Newly added
drayage trucks
must be ZEVs
Must annually
report mileage
for trucks over
12 years
All drayage
trucks must be
ZEVs
Applies to Class 7-8 on-road trucks operating at
California’s seaports and intermodal railyards
December 31, 2023 January 1, 2024 January 1, 2025 January 1, 2035
• Legacy trucks may operate until the end of their useful life
• Must visit a regulated seaport or railyard at least once a year
• May use limited extensions

ZE Tractor Commercial Availability
• Hyundai XCIENT • Nikola One/Two
• Tesla Semi
• Nikola TRE
• Peterbilt 579
• SEA Cascadia
• Volvo VNR Electric
2022 2023
Available Today
• BYD 8TT
• Freightliner eCascadia
• Kenworth T680E
• Lion Electric LION8
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Drayage Truck Background
Current drayage truck regulation sunsets
in 2022
• Trucks will have to meet 2010 MY
engine standards beginning in 2023
The seaports and intermodal railyards
under the current drayage regulation are
all located within ~1 mile of a
disadvantaged community
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Drayage

Drayage Truck Inventory: 2019 Baseline
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Drayage
Vehicle Category
Port of Oakland
(POAK)
Port of LA/LB
(POLA)
Other
Seaports* Railyards**
Instate Class 8† Active Trucks*** 4,224‡ 13,951‡ 1,453‡ 8,988
Instate Class 8† Inactive Trucks*** n/a*** 2,770 n/a n/a
Instate POAK Class 8 already in POLA† 136 n/a n/a n/a
Class 4-7† 22 180 n/a n/a
Out of State† 823 854 n/a n/a
Total 5,205 17,755 1,453 8,988
† Non-gasoline
‡ T7 POLA Class 8, T7 POAK Class 8, and T7 Other Ports Class 8 in EMFAC2021
* Estimate based on past surveys; requesting updated information from other seaports
** Estimated based on information provided by Union Pacific (UP) Railroad and Burlington Northern and Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway
*** POLA trucks with more than 112 visits/year are considered as “active trucks”. 112 visit/year was determined based on POLA monthly active truck
counts. POAK did not provide monthly visit data and therefore all POAK Class 8 in-state trucks were considered active.

Proposed Drayage Truck Regulation
• Require Class 7-8 drayage trucks operating at California’s seaports and
intermodal railyards to be Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) by 2035
• Includes a phased-in approach for drayage trucks beginning in 2024
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Drayage

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Drayage
Legacy Drayage Truck Requirements
“Legacy Drayage Truck” means a non-zero-emission drayage truck with a 2010 or
newer engine model year that was registered in the Drayage Truck Registry on or
before January 1, 2024.
By December 1,
2023
Register with The CARB Online System
Beginning in 2024 Visit a regulated seaport or intermodal railyard at least once each
year to remain in The CARB Online System
Beginning in 2025
Annually report mileage by February 15th (trucks over 12 years)
Legacy drayage trucks can stay in the registry until they exceed
the minimum useful life requirements

15-day changes released for public comment March 2023
Second hearing April 2023
Advanced Clean Fleets Next Steps
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Contact CARB staff at zevfleet@arb.ca.gov

Additonal Information
• https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-
fleets
• www/arb.ca.gov/truckstop
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