At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo held on March 23-24, 2023 in Ontario, Calif., featured Speaker Dr. Howard Marks, VP Environment Health & Safety, National Asphalt Pavement Association, delivered a presentation titled, "Federal Perspective on Environment, Health & Safety Issues." He offered insight into the massive changes at the federal level that will impact the asphalt pavement industry in California, including GHG-initiatives, Buy Clean America, the post-Covid environment and new developments on the Environmental Protection Agency’s AP42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors.

1. National Asphalt Pavement Association | AsphaltPavement.org
Environment, Health & Safety:
a national perspective
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• The last two years have been busy !
• Promoting environmental stewardship
& net zero carbon emissions goals
• Addressing misperceptions
& communicating risk
• Ensuring the health & well-being
of road construction workers

2. National Asphalt Pavement Association | AsphaltPavement.org
Promoting
environ stewardship
& carbon reduction
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• Environmental stewardship includes net zero carbon goals
• Understanding, eliminating
& reducing adverse impacts
• Addressing misperceptions
& communicating risk

3. National Asphalt Pavement Association | AsphaltPavement.org
Learn more at
asphaltpavement.org/climate
Vision: Sustainable communities
and commerce, connected by net
zero carbon emission asphalt
pavements
Mission: Engage, educate, and
empower the U.S. asphalt community
to produce and construct net zero
carbon emission asphalt pavements

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• Production &
Construction
• Supply Chain
• Electricity
• Quality
• Durability
• Longevity
• Efficiency

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Learn more at www.asphaltpavement.org/epd

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Inflation Reduction Act
EPA
• $250 million to standardize EPDs and help industry develop EPDs
• $100 million to develop “low-embodied carbon construction
material labeling program”
*** How will low-embodied carbon materials be defined ???
DOT/FHWA/GSA
• $2 billion to procure construction products and materials with
“substantially lower” embodied carbon
• EDC-7: EPDs for Sustainable Project Delivery

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3,013,030
homes' energy use
for one year
5,575,907
Passenger vehicles
driven for one year
2,903,116,912
gallons of gasoline
consumed
59,732,454
barrels of oil
consumed
33,226,025
acres of U.S. forests
in one year
Carbon sequestered by
CO2 emissions from
CO2 emissions from
GHG emissions from CO2 emissions from
A decade’s impact of RAP

8. National Asphalt Pavement Association | AsphaltPavement.org
Promoting environmental stewardship
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➢ Compliance assurance and operational best practices
➢ Understanding, eliminating
& reducing adverse impacts
➢ Addressing misperceptions
& communicating risk

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• Understand the regulations
• Spill Prevention (SPCC):
fuel, asphalt, additives
• Managing fugitive emissions:
odor, dust, loadout
• Improving energy efficiency &
controlling aggregate moisture
Compliance assurance and operational best practices

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➢ Understanding, eliminating & reducing adverse impacts
➢ Addressing misperceptions & communicating risk
leachate & air emissions

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Potential environmental pathways

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Potential environmental pathways

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Potential environmental pathways

14. Yale University – Sept 2020

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Yale University research
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Roofing Solar, 3.3E-04 Paving Solar, 2.1E-04
Gasoline, 7.0E-01
Diesel, 7.0E-01
Known VCPs, 7.3
Best Available Estimate of SoCAB Annual Avg SOA (Gg/year)
Roofing Solar Paving Solar Gasoline Diesel Known VCPs
Industry sensitivity analysis
Yale assumptions: 24/7; pavement @ 140°F; sun @ max intensity; asphalt
binder ‘emits’ over its lifetime
Unable to reproduce results / Uncertain Yale methodology
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Potential environmental pathways

18. Florida State University (FSU) – July 2020

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RAP Leachate – safety continues to be validated !
• Ongoing university research findings continue to question
inertness of leachate from pavement and RAP stockpiles
• Asphalt is inert and waterproof – can’t be disputed
• Vehicle- and tire-wear depositions are increasingly being studied
• The ‘source’ material of FSU’s research findings is unknown, but
likely sealants and/or vehicular drippings
• There may be some interaction with UV radiation
• Recent study by Fla DOT & DEC will hopefully end uncertainty
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Understanding the
Environmental Impacts of
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
https://faculty.eng.ufl.edu/timothy-
townsend/research/beneficial-use-of-
waste-materials/understanding-the-
environmental-impacts-of-reclaimed-
asphalt-pavement/ (May 2022)

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“Using the most representative leaching method … and most
expansive PAH analysis … data continue to suggest that PAH
and metals leaching from RAP stockpiles are unlikely to
result in exceedances of risk-based limits in groundwater.”

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Potential environmental pathways

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• American Bar Assoc: “6PPD-Q is ‘among the
most toxic chemicals known for aquatic
organisms’ … in the parts-per-trillion”
Tire-wear & stormwater runoff

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Image source: www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2020/08/blending-
scrap-tires-with-concrete-rubble-for-sustainable-durable-roads/
Tire-wear & stormwater runoff
• California now requires GTR-modified asphalt pavements
• Questions on potential environmental impact

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➢ Understanding, eliminating & reducing adverse impacts
➢ Addressing misperceptions & communicating risk
leachate & air emissions

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Siting (zoning and permitting) mix plants

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Siting (zoning and permitting) mix plants

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Environmental Justice
•Env burdens vs.
•Socio-economic
demographics
•Ethical questions

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Addressing misperceptions & communicating risk
• Some people rely on the ‘internet’ as authoritative;
it’s more complicated than that
• Paving and roofing asphalt are totally different
• Paving asphalt is classified as ‘non-hazardous’
• Asphalt is a petroleum product and may have some
odor and very low emissions at high temperatures
• Residential property values near mix plants are no
different than near other industrial sources –
e.g., Alexandria Va (townhouses at $750k+)

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Addressing misperceptions & communicating risk
• Emissions from uncontrolled AC storage tanks
are equivalent to a single residential fireplace
• Total plant emissions are similar to dry-
cleaners, gas stations, restaurants, etc
• No federal / state agency has ever identified
increased or attributable cancer risk from AC
• Mix plant emissions are extremely well-characterized
• 99% of mix plant air emissions are fuel combustion
byproducts; fugitive emissions controlled as required

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Upcoming environmental restrictions
• Env Justice will stymie most industrial sitings
• The next round of State Implementation Plans (SIPs)
is starting: NOx, VOC, and PM will be ratcheted-down
• Road- and tire-wear microplastics will be an issue
• Strive for operational excellence and stewardship
• Carbon neutrality is here to stay and will drive
innovation and product preference

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Environment, Health & Safety:
a national perspective
32
• The last two years have been crazy
• Promoting environmental stewardship
& carbon neutrality
• Addressing misperceptions &
communicating risk
• Ensuring the health & well-being
of road construction workers

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Ensuring the health & well-being
of road construction workers
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➢ Work Zone Safety
➢ Mental health awareness
➢ Heat Illness Prevention
➢ Silica Rule
➢ Confined Space

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Work Zone Safety
• NAPA leading coalition to implement WZS Contingency Fund
• Working closely with ARTBA, Labor, state DOTs
• NAPA continues to offer employee training
• NAPA campaigns the public to pay attention:
A moment can save a life
AsphaltPavement.org/Safety

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Mental Health Awareness
• The construction industry has
one of the highest suicide rates
of all industries – for a number
of reasons
• Difficult to discuss but resources are available / NAPA website
• Empathy, understanding, and acknowledgement
• Understand signs/symptoms and be willing to openly discuss
• https://www.asphaltpavement.org/expertise/health-safety/health-
safety/prevent-suicides-in-construction

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Heat Illness Prevention
• OSHA actively enforcing NEP
• Abundant info & resources available
• Effective not prescriptive
• Have a Heat Illness Prevention
Plan/Program (HIPP)
• Water / Rest / Shade
• Train your employees
• ID a competent person

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Silica Rule
• Do you know your employees’ exposure to silica dust?
• Baghouse and drum maintenance
• Changing filter bags
• QA lab aggregate sieving
• Do you have a respiratory protection program?
• Contact NAPA for guidance
AsphaltPavement.org/Safety

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Confined Space
• But still lots of grey areas; especially ‘permit-required’ and ‘non-
permit-required’ CS. What is a mixer drum? Hazard elimination
• CS type dictates required resources, e.g., rescue squad, retrieval
• NAPA will be working to provide additional clarity and guidance
• One of the oldest OSHA
standards. (Kinda) easy to
understand what a Confined
Space is …

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Thank-you !
Questions ?
Thank-you !
Questions ?

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