15. Watershed 101:
How Does a Watershed Work?
Cape Cod watersheds are the
contributing areas to surface water
bodies, and groundwater wells.
They are defined by the movement
of groundwater, and do not follow
town boundaries.
16. How long does it take water to
move through the watershed?
• 10-100 years
• Each drop of water takes a
different path through the
watershed
• Some travel in streams and
travel faster
• Some are caught in ponds and
take years
17. Septic Systems and our
Watershed
• The septic system of an
average three-bedroom
home loads 8.5 pounds
of nitrogen into the
groundwater each year.
• Approximately 85% of the
over 156,000 homes on
Cape Cod presently use
individual Title 5 septic
systems.
20. The Impact of Nitrogen
on Coastal Embayments
NITROGEN
FROM
ATMOSPHERE
Streams
NITROGEN
FROM
LAND USES
(Septic Systems,
Fertilizers, Road
and Roof Runoff)
Groundwater
Shading of
eelgrass beds
Increase in
bottom algae
Algae Growth/Blooms
Decay
FISH AND
SHELLFISH KILLS
Low oxygen
conditions
Cape Cod Commission
21. The Threats from Nitrogen
Shellfish Kills
Clean Water Act Requirements
Algae Blooms
Economic Impacts
Diminished Ecosystem Services
Fish Kills
Decreased Property Values
23. Our Sole Source Aquifer
•Replenished by
Precipitation
•Six Separate
Lenses
•Sole Source of
Drinking Water
•Watersheds follow
groundwater flow
24. Bass River Watershed and Water
Table Contours
Watershed spans 2 Lenses
and three towns
Average Groundwater flow
rate is 1-2 feet per day
Groundwater flow times
range up to 100 years, but
average up to 10 years to
arrive in the embayment
25. Wellhead Protection Areas to
Public Water Supply Wells
Zone IIs – Groundwater
Capture Areas
Yarmouth Water Dept
Dennis Water District
28. Cape Cod Commission
1998 Coastal Embayment Project
Upper Bass River Surface waters are classified
SA – Excellent quality
Nitrogen loading within subwatersheds exceed
the SA limits for Dinah’s and Mill Pond
Nitrogen reduction appears to be necessary
Additional water quality study and assessment
are recommended
36. Cape Cod Regional Wastewater
Management Plan (RWMP)
Objective Restore degraded water bodies through
regional nutrient management policy promoting
appropriate infrastructure and growth management
mechanisms while protecting taxpayers from
unnecessary costs.
Goal
Policy Integrating:
•Environment
•Affordability
•Infrastructure
•Growth Management
37. Strategies and Measures
STRATEGY &
MEASURES
Strategy: Science Based Nutrient
POLICY
ENVIRONMENT
Management Program
AFFORDABILITY
Measure: Complete CWMP’s
Strategy: Maximize SRF and other
funds
INFRASTRUCTUR
E
GROWTH
MANAGEMENT
Measure: Towns obtain SRF & 0%
SRF loans
Strategy: Limit infrastructure to limit
cost & unintended growth
Measure: MOA’s for shared systems
Strategy: Limit development where Title
5 would have limited or prohibited it.
Measure: Towns adopt flow neutral
38. Other Purposes of the RWMP
• Zero % State
Revolving Fund
(SRF) Construction
Loans for identified
‘Flow-Neutral’
Communities
l
CC
C
ica
hn
ec etin
T ll
Bu
• Inform CCC DRI
review of CWMPs and
development of
Technical Bulletin
39.
40. A Mix of Systems is Appropriate
TITLE 5 / IA
CLUSTER
SATTELITE
CENTRALIZE
D
41. CWMP Implementation Will Take 20 to 30 Years
This is how to Measure Progress
• Capital Expenditures to Date
• Amount Sewered
• Percent Removed from TMDL Watersheds
• Planned Capital Expenditures
• Projected Expansion Areas
• Non-Structural Management Progress
52. Septic Loadin Watershed, lb/yrWATERSHED, LB/YR
LOAD IN
SEPTIC LOAD IN
Septic LoadSEPTIC LOAD lb/yr
Septic Load inWatershe, lb/yrWATERSHED, LB/YR
in Watershed, lb/yr
Watershed, IN WATERSHED, LB/YR
Impact of Growth on N Removal
140
140
140
130
130
130
30%
30%
Growth
growth
120
120
120
110
110
110
Remove
100% of New
Growth
100
100
100
new
90
90
90
80
80
80
70
70
70
60
60
60
Remove
Remove
Remove
50 lb/yr
50 lb/yr
50 lb/yr
50
50
50
Remove
Remove
80 lb/yr
50 lb/yr
TMDL
TMDL
TMDL
40
40
40
30
30
30
20
20
20
10
10
10
0
0
0
Remain
Remain
50 lb/yr
50 lb/yr
50 lb/yr
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
Remain
Remain
50 lb/yr
50 lb/yr
FUTURE
FUTURE
FUTURE
FUTURE
existing
53. Cost Considerations in Watershed
Based Planning
• Collection and
Transport
Density
• Treatment
Appropriate Scale
• Disposal
(effluent recharge sites)
Nitrogen Sensitive Areas, Zone
II’s
54. Region-wide Cost Estimates
for Wastewater Treatment
•If we sewer the entire Cape today:
$8 billion
•Estimates of 25% sewer:
$3 billion
•Buildout conditions:
$2-4 billion
56. Demographic and
Economic Data
Census Block Groups
• Comprised of Census Blocks
• Average Population: 1,300 residents
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009
73. We all contribute to the
problem.
Become a part of the
solution.
Sign up for updates and stay informed:
www.capecodcommission.org/watertour
or email: watershed@capecodcommission.org
www.yarmouthconservationtrust.org
74. Become a fan and stay informed:
Cape Cod Watershed Tour
Editor's Notes
How you represent yourself by Town. Get behind your town as the place you live, play, work.
Your Watershed encompasses a larger area than just your town.
Water Dept.
Water Dept.
The overwhelming source of nitrogen is from septic systems. 87%!
OGSM: Establish Policy Goals to improve water quality through regional nutrient management policy promoting appropriate infrastructure and growth management mechanisms while protecting taxpayers from unnecessary costs
4 Policy areas
If everyone sewered: 8 bilest 25% sewer: 3bilCould be additional 2-4 bil, depending on buildoutInitial cost estimates per town, per household cost
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Census Block Group:
A block group is a collection of blocks and a subdivision of a Census Tract. In general, a block group is comprised of approximately 1,300 residents. There are over 200,000 block groups in the United States.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Population Density:
The population of an area divided by the number of square miles or square kilometers of land area.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Population:
All people living in a geographic area.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Population:
All people living in a geographic area.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Population:
All people living in a geographic area.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Population:
All people living in a geographic area.
Sseasonal/recreational-occasional use Housing Unit:
A housing unit held for occupancy only during limited portions of the year, such as a beach cottage, ski cabin, or time-share condominium.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Occupied Housing Unit:
A housing unit that is the usual place of residence of the person or people living in it at the time of enumeration, even if the occupants are only temporarily absent; for example, away on vacation. Occupied rooms or suites of rooms in hotels, motels, and similar places are classified as housing units only when occupied by permanent residents; that is, individuals for whom the facility is their usual place of residence.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Household:
A person or group of people who occupy a housing unit as their usual place of residence.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Home Value:
The estimate of value is presented for total owner-occupied units. This estimate divides the distribution of home value into two equal parts. Linear interpolation is used if the median home value falls below $1,000,000. If the median falls in the upper home value interval of $1,000,000+, it is represented by $1,000,001.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
Median Household Income:
This is the value that divides the distribution of household income into two equal parts. Pareto interpolation is used if the median falls in an income interval other than the first or last. For the lowest interval, <$10,000, linear interpolation is used. If the median falls in the upper income interval of $500,000+, it is represented by the value of $500,001.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
ESRI 2009 Updated Demographics (data update is as of July 1, 2009):
Forecasts are developed by incorporating all the Census 2000 data released to date—population, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households by type and relationship,
housing units, occupancy, and tenure. Prepared initially for counties and block groups, forecasts are aggregated to Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), Designated Market
Areas (DMA), states, or higher levels. From the block group database, forecasts can be retrieved for census tracts; ZIP Codes; or any user-defined site, circle, or polygon.
Post census trends in the population are captured from a variety of data sources. The 2009 update represents current events.
