Showing major results, challenges and threats of climate. Explainnig proposed solution by Bioversity International. In particular, we investigate on the role of durum wheat genetic diversity to provide options to manage climate related risks and adaptation options to climate change. The solution proposed is tested against food security and climate change

1. Understanding the role of genetic diversity to
manage climate risks
Carlo Fadda, Bioversity International
7 April 2014, Intercontinentaladdis, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2. An introduction to climate change

3. IPCC, 2001
Changes in Temperature
Global Warming

4. IPCC, 2001
Changes in Rainfall
Global Warming  Climate Change

5. IPCC, 2007
www.globalwarmingart.com
Future: Different Emission Scenarios
and Climate Models

6. 6
The impact of climate change

7. 7
The impact of climate change (Ethiopia)

8. 8
Adaptation to climate change

9. Food security issues
• More than 200 million people in Africa, or
23% of the people, suffers from hunger, and
despite declines experienced in the past six
years
• About 40% of children under the age of five
in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are
underdeveloped due to malnutrition (IIED
data)

10. 10
Food production needs to
increase by 70% to 100%.

11. 11
Ejere
2221 masl
K’ok’a
1604 masl
Ch’efe Donsa
2421 masl
K’ok’a current
Ejere current
Ch’efe Donsa current
Increasingtemperature
K’ok’a 2020
K’ok’a 2050
Ch’efe Donsa 2020
Ch’efe Donsa 2050
Ejere 2020
Ejere 2050
Climate analogues between evaluation sites

12. -Don’t overestimate importance of climate analogues
-Introduced material from very different climates can
perform unexpectedly well (examples of potato, pea, and
barley varieties from warmer to cold climate )
-Importance of photoperiod (accessions collected in the
same latitudinal zone have most potential)
-Importance of quarantine system for newly introduced
material (prevent exchange of pest and diseases)
Observations of Vavilov (1935)

13. 13
The need for agricultural biodiversity
The heavy reliance on a narrow diversity of crops puts future
food and nutrition security at risk.
Source: ‘Dimensions of Need: An atlas of food and agriculture’. FAO, 1995.

14. • Genetic diversity refers to the
total number of genetic
characteristics in the genetic
makeup of a species.
• Foundation of all
improvements
• Used by generations of
farmers
• Source of traits for:
• Increased productivity
• Resistance to biotic and
abiotic stresses
Genetic diversity

15. 15Copyright © 2012 Bioversity International
On-farm
trial
Locally adapted
seed systems
On-station
trial
Gene bank
accessions
The Seeds for Needs initiative
Crowd
sourcing
m o l e c u l a r a n a l y s i s
p h e n o t y p i n g
PARTICIPATORY VARIETY
SELECTION AND BREEDING
GIStools
Atlas

16. A global scope

17. (1)
Genetic
diversity
(2)
Selection &
cultivation
(3)
Harvest
(4)
Value addition
(5)
Marketing
(6)
Final
use
Outcomes
Empowerment of communities: more
resilient to eco-socio-economic changes,
more resilient food systems
Outcome
Preservation of options
for resilient systems
Outcome
Self-reliance of value chain
actors on broader set of
options, making them more
resilient to market changes.
From farm to fork: biodiversity contribution along
the value chain
IMPACT
Improved
nutrition,
incomes and
other
livelihood
benefits

18. The process
2. Each farmer gets a different
combination of varieties
1. A broad set of varieties
is evaluated

21. 4. Farmers test
and report back by
mobile phone
2. Each farmer gets a different
combination of varieties
3. Environmental data
(GPS, sensors) to assess
adaptation
1. A broad set of varieties
is evaluated
6. Data are used
to detect
demand for new
varieties and
traits
5. Farmers receive tailored variety
recommendations and can order seeds
The process

22. Temperature
TemperatureHumidity

23. Farmers’ preferences revealed through data analysis

24. Strengthening community seed systems

25. Institutional
genebanks
(National, private, experimental
stations, universities…)
Community
seedbanks
CGIAR genebanks
International Genebanks
Regional
genebanks

26. Private Sector
INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES AND LEGAL
INSTRUMENTS International Treaty on
Plant Genetic Resources
for Food and Agriculture
Seed multipliers and suppliers
NATIONAL
PROGRAMMES
INTERNATIONAL
RESEARCH
CENTRES
SMALL VULNERABLE FARMERS
Information
Germplasm
Diverse sets of
planting materials
enabling farmers
to adapt to change

27. • Is a rapid approach to identify crop varieties
adapted to changing climates and markets
• Uses existing diversity
• Can be customized to local and marginal
conditions around the world
• Directly responds to farmers’ needs
Seeds for Needs

28. www.bioversityinternational.org
Thank you