for college students, references and etc.

2. Maybe defined, therefore as a group of
services to individuals to assist them in
securing knowledge and skills needed in
making plans and devices, and in
interpreting life.
Guidance Services

3. Guidance services include the following:
1. Services rendered to an individual and his needs, such as
inventory of each pupil, information regarding opportunities,
counseling for all pupils, follow-up studies, placement, and
assisting teachers in case studies.
2. Services to staff members in providing for leadership, in
securing cooperation of the staff members, in assisting
teachers in utilizing information, in organizing and conducting
in-service training.
3. Service pertaining to evaluation of services, follow-up,
making results available, surveys, securing cooperation of
parents and community, and conducting research to further
improve guidance services.
SCOPE

4. Several factors which led to the growth of guidance
services are the following:
1. Secondary schools became less selective.
2. Individual differences were organized.
3. Rise of industrialism.
4. Changing educational objectives brought about the
study of child growth and, hence, the need of
organizing guidance.
5. Effects of World War I
History

5. Guidance services are:
1. Identifiable aids to assist individuals
2. Involved in achieving goals of education
3. Provide for competent leadership
4. Supported by functional preparation of teachers in
guidance activities
5. Based on knowledge of the needs of pupils and upon
competencies of the staff members
6. Services made available to all
7. Need the cooperation of parents and community
8. More preventive than curative
9. Founded on the concept of the totality of the
individual
10. Should be evaluated constantly
Characteristics

6. There are two forms of guidance services:
1. Group guidance
2. Individual guidance
Forms

7. - is any group enterprise in which primary purpose is to assist
each individual in the group to solve his problems and make
adjustment.
Guidance services include all forms of group guidance
activities. There is a group interaction or face to face
relationship in the homeroom, in the regular subject classes,
assemblies, conference, meetings. (Jones)
Group Guidance

8. Guidance has the following purpose:
1. To discuss problems common to the group and to
develop awareness that problems are also shared by
others.
2. To enable each individual to understand how others
have met and solve the same problems that confront
him.
3. To broaden the horizons of pupils with references to
occupations available to them.
Group Guidance

9. Group services are the only effective means whereby guidance for
every individual can be assured.
 Provide opportunities to observe pupils at regular intervals,
thus facilitating the use of a preventive problem-solving
approach.
 Enable pupils to study and learn from others.
 They encourage pupils to become acquainted with their
counselor.
 Serve medium routine administrative functions for scoring
objective test and for recording dependable data.
 Provide easy solutions of problems involving group opinion
and serve also as a means of integrating school subjects
*Techniques used in group guidance vary, like homeroom
organization when there is need for orientation.
Group Guidance

10. INDIVIDUAL
GUIDANCE
Guidance in individual situations can mean a few minutes help
given an individual informally in a classroom or on the street, or
formally in a guidance clinic; or a series of counselling activities
covering a period of months or years, depending upon the
individual’s age, physical and mental health, interests, and
experience level. It should be noted that there are no clear-cut
formulas or solutions to successfully develop desirable and
acceptable qualities in all individuals.
Individual guidance focuses its best efforts toward making the
individual “face the music” and live longer and happier.

11. INDIVIDUAL
GUIDANCE
According to Dr. Ordonez, the most common cases brought
to the clinic or to a counselor or trained guidance worker
concerned the following problems of individuals:
1. Ambition
2. Choice of school
3. Failing grades
4. Personality maladjustments
5. Choice of a vocation
6. Employment
7. Physical and mental handicaps

12. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
1. Health and Physical Development
a) Physical defects
b) Inability to excel in athletics
c) Lack of physical strength, vigor
d) Malnutrition
e) Physical attractiveness
f) illness
g) Oversize, undersize

13. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
2. Home and Family relationships
a) Dominance of parents
b) Lack of control of parents
c) Lack of home fellowship
d) Broken homes
e) Jealousy, friction among siblings
f) Unwholesome home conditions
g) Disapproving family
h) Lack of cooperation with school

14. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
3. Leisure Time
a) Lack of interest in, or overenthusiasm
for sports, games, music, art
b) Inability to engage in sports because of
poor health or physical handicaps
c) Limited means or excessive means
d) Lack of interest in reading
e) Lack of skill in handicrafts

15. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
4. Personality
a) Extreme sensitiveness
b) Shyness
c) Lack of aggressiveness
d) Strong aversions
e) Lack of self-confidence
f) Excessive conceit, self-confidence
g) Carelessness
h) Inability to go along with other
i) delusions., illusions
j) Lack of sportsmanship
k) Inferiority complex, superiority complex
l) Lack of social-mindedness, civic-mindedness
m) Emotional instability

16. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
5. Religious Life
a) Religious doubts, conflicts
b) Extreme attitude of parents
c) Conversion
d) Excessive religious activity
e) Conflict between Science and Religion

17. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
6. School
a) Ineffective study and health
habits
b) Defective budgeting of time
c) Lack of independence
d) Lack of application
e) Too much or too little help
from teacher
f) Lack of interest in school
g) Feeling boredom
h) Inability to see the value of
some objects
i) Fear of failure
j) Unwillingness to exert more
effort
k) Dislike for teacher or for
school
l) Too long assignments
m) Impatience with slower pupils
n) Very rigid values
o) Lack of adjustment of work
for mental ability of pupil
p) Excessive attention to
athletics
q) Feeling of injustice
r) Feeling of being left alone
s) Poor choice of school or of
subjects
t) Choice od school
u) Planning work in preparation
for college
v) Truancy

18. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
7. Social (Moral and Civic)
a) Cheating, lying, stealing
b) Low standards of morality
c) Lack of manners
d) Bias
e) Excessive social life
f) Unwise use of leisure
g) Smoking and drinking
h) Discourtesy
i) Rebellion against authority
j) Intolerance of others beliefs
and opinions
k) Unwise choice of friends of
opposite sex
l) Flirting, necking, petting
m) Disappointment in love,
being inlove
n) Unreasonable restrictions
on friendship with boys/girls
o) Sex pervesions
p) Double standards of
morality
q) Low ideals of civic
responsibility
r) Unwillingness to assume
duties of citizenship
s) Inability to choose leaders
wisely
t) Unwillingness to follow
leaders
u) Unwillingness to accept
responsibility as leader

19. Types of Problems Covered
by Guidance
8. Vocational
a) Insistence of parents on a certain vocation
b) Inability to choose proper vocation
c) Unwise choice of vocation
d) Unfitness of work
e) Uncertainty in choosing the best preparation for
vocation
f) Lack of time and money to prepare self for
vocation
g) Lack of opportunities in the chosen vocation
h) Difficulty in looking for a job
i) Difficulty in adjusting to the conditions of the job
j) Poor public relations