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1. ASAP
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
B.Plan Program, Semester-6 2023 Batch
Research Methodology in Planning [PLAN347]
Research papers and relevance of published
papers

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a) Research process:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8ndAyxkxtA&ab_channe
l=ScienceinMotion
b) Types of research:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEZjwlDNEHY&ab_chann
el=PHILO-notes
Let’s refresh

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A research paper is our own thoughts and ideas but it includes
our research too in it. For some students writing a research
paper is very tough and challenging.
But is making it really difficult and tough to start over in real?
But one thing is true that writing a research paper needs a lot
of hard work and effort to do it.
Research papers

4. ASAP
As this name suggests, it is a kind of research. You have to do
researching, critical thinking, evaluation of source,
composition, and organizing all. When you make a research
paper, you should be very careful. When you collect the
information from various sources, you come in contact with
already made researches.
You have to read those researches thoroughly. Find out what
suits your topic and inculcate that in your paper. You have to
analyze it to avoid blunders properly.
Research papers

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Research papers

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Research papers
Abstract:
An abstract provides brief summary of your findings. An abstract used in papers include a
hypothesis. A good abstract is concise—about one hundred fifty to two hundred fifty
words—and is written in an objective, impersonal style. When writing the abstract, take a
just-the-facts approach, and summarize your research question and your findings in a few
sentences.
Briefly summarize (often 150 words) - the problem, the method, the results, and the
conclusions so that the reader can decide whether or not to read the whole article
Together, the title and the abstract should stand on their own
Many authors write the abstract last so that it accurately reflects the content of the paper

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Research papers
Introduction:
• Clearly state the:
• Problem being investigated
• Background that explains the problem
• Reasons for conducting the research
• Summarize relevant research to provide context
• State how your work differs from published work
• Identify the questions you are answering
• Explain what other findings, if any, you are challenging or extending
• Briefly describe the experiment, hypothesis(es), research question(s); general
experimental design or method

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Research papers
Literature review:
This part of a research paper is supposed to provide the theoretical framework that you
elaborated during your research. You will be expected to present the sources you have
studied while preparing for the work ahead, and these sources should be credible from an
academic standpoint (including educational books, peer-reviewed journals, and other
relevant publications).
You must make sure to include the name of the relevant authors you’ve studied and add a
properly formatted citation that explicitly points to their works you have analyzed,
including the publication year.

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Research papers
Methodology:
Different parts of a research paper have different aims, and here you need to point out the
exact methods you have used in the course of your research work. Typical methods can
range from direct observation to laboratory experiments, or statistical evaluations.
Whatever your chosen methods are, you will need to explicitly point them out in this
section.
• Provide the reader enough details so they can understand and replicate your research
• Explain how you studied the problem, identify the procedures you followed, and order
these chronologically where possible
• Explain new methodology in detail; otherwise name the method and cite the previously
published work
• Include the frequency of observations, what types of data were recorded, etc.
• Be precise in describing measurements and include errors of measurement or research
design limits

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Research papers
Results:
From all the parts of a research paper, this is the one where you’re expected to actually
analyze the data you have gathered while researching. This analysis should align with
your previously stated methodology, and it should both point out any implications
suggested by your data that might be relevant to different fields of study, as well as any
shortcomings in your approach.
• Objectively present your findings, and explain what was found
• Show that your new results are contributing to the body of scientific knowledge
• Follow a logical sequence based on the tables and figures presenting the findings to
answer the question or hypothesis
• Figures should have a brief description (a legend), providing the reader sufficient
information to know how the data were produced

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Research papers
Conclusion:
As you conclude your research paper, you should succinctly reiterate your thesis
statement along with your methodology and analyzed data – by drawing all these
elements together you will reach the purpose of your research, so all that is left is to point
out your conclusions in a clear manner.
• Describe what your results mean in context of what was already known about the
subject
• Indicate how the results relate to expectations and to the literature previously cited
• Explain how the research has moved the body of scientific knowledge forward
• Do not extend your conclusions beyond what is directly supported by your results -
avoid undue speculation
• Outline the next steps for further study

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A research paper is divided into seven types of papers suited to
the difference of problems and methods (each item regarded as
a publication)
Research papers

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Research papers
1
An analytical research paper is about raising a question. Also, put
attention in the thinking involved when answering the question. Such
papers start by describing the question and finding of the elements to
answer it. In this type of research work, first, you need to collect the
information. This information is from various other researches. After
getting information, now you have to make a personal conclusion
about the topic.
One thing which you kept in mind while writing an analytical
research paper is neutrality. Your paper should not show any negative
or positive stance on the matter. If you want to show your perspective
or agree or disagree with something, then choose persuasive research
paper type.

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2
Research papers
Persuasive paper writing is focused on getting the readers to your
side. You keep your point of view or argument and want readers to
agree with it. Persuasive research is totally different from an
analytical research paper. An analytical paper is based totally on
facts, but Persuasive is based on emotional approach.
But it does not mean that it will not follow logical facts. Your
research should be based on logical facts and statistical data. While
making a persuasive research paper, a researcher will describe the
event or object with two opposing viewpoints. Then further
analyze the pros and cons and choose a certain opinion. A
researcher will either write for or against the specific viewpoint.
Then he will give his argument with supportive facts and tries the
reader to agree with him/her.

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3
Research papers
Cause and effect research usually includes:
•A thorough study of a various researched topic
•Organization of the writing process
•Learning how to apply certain styles to text
•Citations and references
When you write a cause and effect paper, you should remember to
answer two main questions: “Why?” and “What?” These two
reflect effects and causes. You should not mix several causes and
effects, as it may lose the main focus.

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4
Research papers
When you write an experimental paper, describe the
experimental case in detail. An experimental research
paper is written for biology, chemistry, physics,
psychology, and sociology.
The aims of the experiments are to describe some
causation or predict a phenomenon with certain actions.
In this research paper, you need to describe your
experiment. You need supporting data and experiment
analysis.

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5
Research papers
This sort of research paper is mostly used for advertising,
public health, business, marketing, and sociology. It is
clear by its name that people are asked questions or are
surveyed about a specific topic.
Generally, it is the collection of a lot of information,
opinions, knowledge, and thoughts of respondents or
public, which are collected to be studied and then are
written down, and presented as a research paper.

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6
Research papers
This type of research paper is written to solve different
problems and issues that are very challenging. Mostly,
college students are supposed to confront this sort of
research paper as their assignments.
The researcher should study the data about the problem
and then find out some possible solutions which should
be effective. It means that it should include data and
examples that should be able to prove that the solution is
the best for those types of problems.

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7
Research papers
This type of research paper making is comparatively easy from
other types of research papers. Reports are mostly written to
analyze a case or situation. In this sort of research paper, you
have to get to the point immediately without wasting any time.
In this type of research paper, we have to support our opinions
by showing them in graphs and tables. This type of research
paper is the easiest because all you have to do is provide
information or data about a specific object or event and then
address your readers to the main points and facts only. After this
researcher aims to inform readers about the main facts of the
topic.

20. ASAP
Thank you