Reactions and Equilibrium

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Choose the correct answer
SECTION-l : Short questions
2. Attempt any FIVE parts:
i. What are irreversible reactions? Give a few characteristics
of them?
ii. How is dynamic equilibrium established?
iii. How direction of a reaction can be predicted?
iv. What is relationship between active masses and rate of
reaction?
v. Derive equilibrium constant expression for the synthesis of
ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen?
vi. Give the characteristics of reversible reaction.
vii. Why at equilibrium state reaction does not stop?
viii. Why is equilibrium state attainable from either way?
3. Attempt any SIX parts:
i. Differentiate between reversible and irreversible reactions?
ii. What is importance of equilibrium phenomenon? Justify with
examples.
iii. Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium with
examples.
iv. Draw the graph for showing equilibrium state.
v. Differentiate between forward and reverse reaction.
vi. Write down 4 characteristics of dynamic equilibrium.
vii. Define equilibrium constant.
viii. What is dependence of Kc?
ix. Kc has unit or not ? Justify it with examples.
4. Attempt any SIX parts.
i. Define law of mass action.
ii. Derive the Kc with the help of law of mass action.
iii. How active masses are represented?
iv. How reaction quotient Qc is useful for predicting the
reaction?
v. What do you mean by extent of reaction?
vi. What will be the reaction by Large and small numerical value
of Kc?
vii. Draw diagram for establishment of reversible reaction with
the help decomposition of CaCO3
viii. Define complete reaction.
Section-ll long Questions
Attempt any two questions:
1) State the law of mass action and derive the expression for
equilibrium constant for a general reaction.
2) Describe the reversible reaction with the help of example and
graph.
3) Write the importance of equilibrium constant in detail.
pName : Malik Xufyan
Class 10th
Chemistry Date: Marks : 60
Time : 1 & half hour Objective & Subjective Test # 01 , CH # 09
Sr # Statement A B C D
1. For a reaction between PCl3 and Cl2 to form PCl5, the units of Kc are: mole dm-3
mol-1
dm-3
mol-1
dm3
mol dm3
2.
Reactions which have comparable amounts of reactants and products at
equilibrium state have
Very small Kc
value
Moderate Kc
value
Very large Kc
value
None of these
3. In an irreversible reaction dynamic equilibrium
Never
establishes
Establishes
before the
completion of
reaction
Establishes
after the
completion of
reaction
Establishes
readily
4. When the magnitude of Kc is very large it indicates
Reaction
mixture consists
of almost all
products
Reaction
mixture has
almost all
reactants
Reaction has
not gone to
completion
Reaction mixture
has negligible
products
5. A reverse reaction is one that
Which proceeds
from left to
right
In which
reactants react
to form
products
Which shows
down gradually
Which speed up
gradually
6 Which chemical is king of chemicals? HCl H2SO4 HNO3 CH3COOH
7. Kc has ….. units when equal number of moles on both sides of the equation No units mole dm-3
mol-1
dm3
mol dm3
8. In which reaction all reactants have been converted into products? Reversible Equilibrium Complete None of these
9. Standing building is an example of :
Dynamic
equilibrium
Equilibrium
Static
equilibrium
None of these
10. Who put forward the law of mass action? Arhenius
Guldberg and
Waage
Whooler Lorry Bronsted

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Q.1.Choose the correct answer
SECTION-l : Short questions
i. Why H+ ion acdt as Lewis acid?
ii. Define pH. What is pH of pure water?
iii. Na2SO4 is a neutral while NaHSO4 is an acid salt. Justify.
iv. How are the soluble salts recovered from water?
v. Why a salt is neutral, explain with an example?
vi. How can you justify that Pb(OH)NO3 is basic salt?
vii. You are in a need of an acidic salt. How can you prepare it?
viii. Define base and explain all alkalies are bases but all bases are
not alkalies.
i. Differentiate between acid and bases.
ii. Define Arrhenius acid and base with the help of examples.
iii. Write two limitations of Arrhenius Concept.
iv. Differentiate between conjugate base and conjugate acid with
examples.
v. What do you know about an adduct?
vi. What are Lewis acid and Lewis bases? Explain with
examples.
vii. What are best preventions from hyperacidity?
viii. React salts with Sodium Hydroxide. Write at least three
examples.
ix. React acids with carbonates and bicarbonates.
i. All Bronsted base are also Lewis bases but all Bronsted acids
are not Lewis acids. Justify.
ii. What is authorization? Give example
iii. What are indicators? Why we use it? Give suitable examples.
iv. How can you prepare insoluble salts?
v. What are double and complex salts. Give suitable salts.
vi. Write uses of some salts.
vii. What do you know about acid rain?
viii. What is neutralization reaction? Give example.
ix. Differentiate between acid and basic radical.
Section-ll long Questions
4) Explain with examples that how soluble salts are prepared?
5) Write note on Lewis concept with the help of examples.
6) Explain with the help of examples
(a) Normal salts
(b) Acidic salts
(c) Basic salts
(d) Mixed salts
7) Explain Lowry Bronsted concept with the help of examples
8) Write main uses of salts.
Name : Malik Xufyan
Class 10th
1. Which one of the following is a lewis base? NH3 BF3 H+
AlCl3
2. Which ion is the conjugate base of sulphuric acid? SO3
-2
S-2
HSO3
-
HSO4
-
3. You want to dry a gas which one of the following salt you will use CaCl2 NaCl CaO Na2SiO3
4. Which one of the following species is not amphoteric ? H2O NH3 HCO3
-
SO4
-2
5. Acetic acid is used for Flavouring food
Making
explosive
Etching designs Cleaning metals
6 Which salt is used for explosive materials? NaCl Na2SO4 NaClO3 CaCl2
7. Which is universal indicator? NaCl Solution
Litmus
Solution
pH indicator Indicator
8. Which acid is present in stomach chemicals? H2SO4 HCl HNO3 CH3COOH
9. Which base is used for Bee’s sting? NaOH Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 KOH
10. Which acid is used for food preservation? Acetic aid Benzoic acid Nitric acid Sulphuric acid

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Q.1. Choose the correct answer
SECTION – I : Short questions
i. How alkyl radicals are formed? Explain with example.
ii. Write classification of coal.
iii. What is the importance of natural gas?
iv. Write down the dot and cross formulae of n – butane and
isobutene.
v. Why benzene and other homologous compounds of benzene
are called aromatic compounds?
vi. What is difference between n – propyl and iso – propyl?
Explain with structure.
vii. Define functional groups. Explain with three examples.
viii. Describe the test for the detection of aldehyde group.
i. Differentiate between homocyclic and heterocyclic
compounds.
ii. What is meant by catenation? Explain.
iii. Silicon and carbon have similar electronic configuration but
carbon shows catenation while silicone does not. Justify.
iv. Define isomerism. Give an example.
v. Write down any fur general characteristics of organic
compounds.
vi. Discuss about coal gas and coke.
vii. Discuss about petroleum.
viii. What is vital force theory? How it disproved?
ix. Write down any four uses of organic compounds.
i. What is homologous series? Discuss its properties.
ii. Discuss ester and ether linkage
iii. Discuss functional groups that contain double and triple bond
and carboxylic group. Also give an example.
iv. Discuss the test of unsaturation.
v. How primary amino group is detected?
vi. How can you explain that plants are a major source of
organic compounds?
vii. Define molecular formula of organic compounds.
viii. What is alcoholic group and aldehydic group?
ix. What is sodium nitroprusside test?
Section-II long Questions
5) Write a detailed note on coal, natural gas and coal tar.
6) Discuss tests for the detection of ketonic group, carboxylic
group, alcoholic group and ketonic group.
7) What are the reasons of a large diversity and magnitude of
organic compounds? Explain in detail.
8) Explain the general characteristics of organic compounds in
detail.
9) Differentiate between aromatic and alicylic compounds and
also between the condensed formula and electronic formula
of organic compounds.
Name : Malik Xufyan
Class 10th
1. Main component of natural gas is: Methane Propane Butane Propene
2. Which one of the following is a synthetic fiber? Cotton Wool Nylon Silk
3. Coal gas is a mixture of CO and CH4 CO, CH4, CO2 CO, CH4, H2 CO, H2 and CO2
4. Natural gas contains 85% ___________. Methane Ethane Propane Propene
5. Which one of the following does not contain protein? Pulses Potatoes Beans Eggs
6 General formula of alkyl radical is: CnH2n + 2 CnH2n – 2 CnH2n + 1 CnH2n
7. Bituminous contain carbon contents about: 80% 85% 90% 95%
8. Organic compounds is not soluble in: Alcohol Ether Benzene Water
9. Urea is prepared from: Ammonia
Ammonium
hydrate
Ammonium
cyanate
Ammonium
nitrate
10. The strong heating of coal in the absence of air is called:
Simple
distillation
Destructive
distillation
Fractional
distillation
Dry distillation

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Name: Class: 10th
Date:
Paper: Chemistry Objective + Subjective Part Marks: 60
Time: 2:40 Test: 4 Chapter No. 12
Choose the correct answers. 10 × 1 = 10
Sr # Statements A B C D
1.
The reduction of alkyl halides take place in the presence
of
Zn / HCl Na / HCl Mg / HCl Cu / HCl
2.
Alkenes are prepared from alcohols, this phenomenon is
called:
Dehydrogenation Dehalogenation Dehydration Dehydrohalogenation
3. Which one of these is a saturated hydrocarbon? C2H4 C3H6 C4H8 C5H12
4. The end product of oxidation of acetylene is Oxalic acid Glycol Glyoxal None of these
5. Substituent reaction is a characteristic of Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes None of these
6. Dehydrogenation of alcohols can be carried out with: NaOH KOH HCl H2SO4
7. Oxidation of alkenes produce Glyoxal Glycol Oxalic acid Formic acid
8. The general formula of saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n + 1 CnH2n + 2 CnH2n – 1 CnH2n – 2
9. Alkanes are also called Olefins Parafins Both None
10. Reduction means addition of Nascent hydrogen
Hydrogen
molecule
Hydrogen gas None
SECTION – I
Q 2. Give the answers of any FIVE questions. 6 × 2 = 10
i. Define hydrocarbons.
ii. Define open chain and closed chain hydrocarbons with an
example.
iii. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
iv. How alkanes are prepared by reduction of alkyl halides?
Give equations with conditions.
v. Describe the sources of alkanes.
vi. Discuss the uses of methane and ethane.
vii. Why hydrocarbons are soluble in organic solvents?
viii. Identify propane from propene with a chemical test.
Q 3. Give the answers of any SIX questions. 6 × 2 = 12
i. Why alkenes are called olefins?
ii. How alcohols and alkyl halides prepared alkenes? Just
give equations.
iii. Discuss physical properties of alkanes.
iv. Prepare glycol from alkene and KMnO4.
v. Discuss uses of ethene.
vi. How alkynes are prepared from vicinal dihalides?
vii. Discuss about photochemical industry and synthetic fiber
industry.
viii. How hydrocarbons are used as fuel? Discuss.
ix. Explain briefly that why butane undergoes substitution
reactions?
i. What happens? When ethyne burnt in the presence of air.
ii. Why alkynes are more reactive than alkanes? Discuss.
iii. Discuss oxidation of alkyne with KMnO4. Give chemical
equation.
iv. Describe physical properties of alkynes.
v. How alkenes are prepared from alcohols?
vi. Write down the occurrence of alkenes.
vii. Describe any four uses of acetylene.
viii. What happens when ethyne is passed through bromine
water?
ix. Discuss the physical properties of alkanes.
SECTION – II
Give the answers of any TWO questions. 8 × 2 = 16
Q 5. What type of reactions is given by alkanes? Explain with
the reference to halogenation of alkanes.
Q 6. Prepared
a) Alkynes from tetrahalides.
b) Alkenes from dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides.
c) Alkanes from hydrogenation of alkenes and alkyne and
by reduction of alkyl halides.
Q 7. Write down reactions:
a) Alkyne with halogen.
b) Hydrogenation and hydrohalogenation of alkenes.
c) Combustion of alkanes.
Q 8. Write down the chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes
and alkynes in detail.

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Name: Class: 10th
Date
Time: 2:40 Test: 5 Chapter no: 13
Q.1.Choose the correct answers. 10 × 1 = 10
1. Which of the following is a disaccharide? Glucose Fructose Sucrose Starch
2. Which one of the following is a reducing sugar? Glucose Maltose Sucrose Starch
3. Deficiency of vitamin E causes: Rickets Scurvy
Anemia in
babies
Night blindness
4. Which one of the following is a water soluble vitamin? Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E
5. Night blindness is because of deficiency of Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin C Vitamin D
6. Which one of the following is a fat soluble vitamin? A E K All of these
7.
_____ is a permanent storage place for genetic
information in the nucleus of cell.
RNA DNA Nucleosomes Nucleopores
8. _______ consists of glucose and galactose. Sucrose Maltose Lactose None
9. Animal fats used in making: Vegetable oil Soap Fats Gasoline
10. Which one of the following is triglyceride? Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins
SECTION – I
i. How is gelatin formed?
ii. What is the function of DNA?
iii. How you justify RNA works like a messenger?
iv. Why the ten amino acids are essential for us?
v. What do you mean by genetic code of life?
vi. Write down the significance of vitamins.
vii. Give the characteristics of polysaccharides.
viii. Justify that water soluble vitamins are not injurious to
health.
i. Define lipids. Give the general formula of triglycerides.
ii. Define fatty acids. Give any two names and formulas of
fatty acids.
iii. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Justify it
by giving equation.
iv. Differentiate between essential and non – essential amino
acids.
v. Carbohydrates are a source of energy. Justify it.
vi. Write down the structural formula of glucose and
fructose.
vii. What are oligosaccharides? What do you know about
this?
viii. Discuss sources and uses of vitamin D. Also give the name
of diseases that caused due to its deficiency.
ix. Give the uses of lipids.
i. Differentiate between glucose and fructose.
ii. How vegetable oil is prepared by hydrogenation?
iii. Define proteins and amino acids.
iv. Give the source of sucrose, lactose and maltose. And also
give the components of these.
v. Briefly explain RNA.
vi. Differentiate between ghee and oil.
vii. Plants are the source of oils. Justify it.
viii. What are the advantages of water soluble vitamins?
ix. Give the sources and uses of vitamin A. also give the
names of diseases that caused due to its deficiency.
SECTION – II
Q 5.what are carbohydrates? How monosaccharides are
prepared? Give their general characteristics.
Q 6. Define vitamins. Also give its different types in detail. Also
give their importance.
Q 7. Describe about DNA in detail.
Q 8. Give the sources and uses of carbohydrates, lipids and
proteins in detail.

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Name: Class: 10th
1. The composition of nitrogen in the atmosphere is 78.09 78.99 79.09 79.99
2. Normally rain water is weakly acidic because of SO3 gas CO2 gas SO2 gas NO2 gas
3. Iron and steel structures are damaged by
Carbon mono
oxide
Sulpher dioxide Methane Carbon dioxide
4. Which one of the following is not an air pollutant? Nitrogen
Carbon
monoxide
Nitrogen
dioxide
Ozone
5. Just above the earth’s surface is: Mesosphere Stratosphere Thermosphere Troposphere
6.
Which gas protects the earth’ surface from ultra violet
radiations?
CO2 CO N2 O3
7. About 99% atmosphere’s mass lies within: 30 km 35 km 11 km 15 km
8.
Acid rain affects the aquatic life by closing fish gills
because of:
Lead metal
Chromium
metal
Mercury metal Aluminium metal
9. Which one of the following is not a secondary pollutant? HNO3 HF PAN CH4
10.
Accumulation of CO2 in air is resulting in increasing
temperature about ______ every year.
0.07 o
C 0.04 o
C 0.05 o
C 0.08 o
C
SECTION – I
i. Explain the phenomenon of decreasing temperature in
troposphere.
ii. CO is a hidden enemy, explain its action.
iii. How acid rain increases the acidity of soil?
iv. Why is 75% of the atmospheric mass lies within the
troposphere?
v. How ozone layer is being depleted by chloroflorocarbons?
vi. State the major sources of CO and CO2 emission.
vii. What threats are to human health due to SO2 gas as air
pollutant?
viii. Which air pollutant is produced on anaerobic
decomposition of organic matter?
i. Differentiate between primary and secondary pollutants.
ii. Define acid rain.
iii. Write any three effects of ozone depletion.
iv. Why CO2 is called a green house gas?
v. Burning in open air is preffered. Comment.
vi. How combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion
engine produces oxides of nitrogen?
vii. Define pollutants and pollution.
viii. Discuss oxides of carbon.
ix. Describe the composition of atmosphere.
i. What is troposphere? Write about it in short.
ii. Where the ozone layer exists?
iii. Why the temperature of upper stratosphere is higher?
iv. How the temperature of atmosphere is maintained?
v. Differentiate between atmosphere and environment.
vi. Give the effects of global warming.
vii. How aquatic life is affected by acid rain?
viii. How acid rain damages buildings?
ix. How ozone is beneficial to human health? Discuss.
SECTION – II
Q 5. Write a note on green house effect and global warming.
Q 6. What is acid rain? Give its effects in detail.
Q 7. What are nitrogen compounds? How the pollute the
environment? Discuss in detail.
Q 8. Discuss stratosphere in detail.

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Name: Class: 10th
1. A disease that cause bone and tooth damage is: Fluorosis Hepatitis Cholera Jaundice
2. Temporary hardness is because of: Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 MgCO3 MgSO4
3. Permanent hardness is removed by adding: Na2 zeolite Soda lime Lime stone Lime water
4. Specific heat capacity of water is: 4.2 kJg-1
K-1
4.2 Jg-1
K-1
2.4 kJg-1
K-1
2.4 Jg-1
K-1
5.
Which one of the following diseases causes liver
inflammation?
Typhoid Jaundice Cholera Hepatitis
6.
Which one of the following ions does not cause hardness
in water?
Ca2+
Mg2+
SO4
2-
Na+
7. Ground water contains about ______ water. 2.1% 0.001% 0.6% 0.2%
8. Soap is the sodium salt of a long chain ___________. Carbonic acid Carboxylic acid Propanoic acid Acetic acid
9. Hepatitis is a __________ inflammation. Heart Kidney Liver Stomach
10. Swimming pools are cleaned by ________ process. Chlorination Bromination Fluorination Iodination
SECTION – I
i. How detergents make the water unfit for drinking?
ii. How water borne disease can be prevented?
iii. What are the causes of hardness in water?
iv. Which forces are responsible for dissolving polar
substances in water?
v. How limestones dissolve in water?
vi. How water rises in plants?
vii. What are the effects of temporary hardness in water?
viii. How water dissolves in water?
i. What is meant by Fluorosis?
ii. Write down the name of bacteria that causes the cholera.
iii. Write down the function of fertilizers.
iv. Define industrial effluents. Give its any two causes or
effects.
v. Differentiate between hard and soft water.
vi. How we remove temporary hardness with the help of
Clark’s method? Give equations.
vii. Give the disadvantages of hard water.
viii. Give the names of salts that cause the hardness of water.
ix. Why we use water as a solvent? Give reasons.
i. Write down any four properties of water.
ii. Differentiate between temporary and permanent
hardness.
iii. Why non – ionic polar compounds are soluble in water?
Explain.
iv. What is dysentery?
v. Discuss jaundice and typhoid.
vi. How decaying plants consume oxygen?
vii. Write down the effects of water pollution.
viii. Discuss hepatitis and cryptosporidium.
ix. Write down the dual effects of agricultural effluents.
SECTION – II
Q 5. How we remove permanent hardness? Explain in detail.
Q 6. Explain in detail that water acts as a solvent.
Q 7. Write a note on treatment of sewage water.
Q 8. A) Justify that household water is the reason of water
pollution
B) How domestic effluents cause water pollution. Write
detailed note.

MALIK XUFYAN
IS ACADEMY JHANG
CELL # 03137355727
Name: Class: 10th
1. When NaHCO3 is heated it forms: CO2 Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 CaO
2. Crude oil is heated in the furnace upto: 300 o
C 350 o
C 400 o
C 450 o
C
3.
The nitrogen present in urea is used by plants to
synthesize
Sugar Proteins Fats DNA
4. Organic compound found in gasoline is C2H4 C3H8 C8H18 C12H26
5. Matte is a mixture of: FeS and CuS Cu2O and FeO Cu2S and FeS CuS and FeO
6. In Solvay’s process slaked lime is used to Prepare CO2
Prepare quick
lime
Recover
ammonia
Form Na2CO3
7. Urea contains nitrogen ______. 48.8% 46.6% 46.8% 48.8%
8.
Gravity separation is based on the differences in ______
of metallic ore and the gangue particles.
Intensities Wavelength Densities Frequencies
9. Urea is prepared from:
Ammonium
cyanate
Ammonium
carbamate
Both None
10. ___________ is used as jet oil. Diesel oil Kerosene oil Gasoline Fuel oil
SECTION – I
i. What role is played by pine oil in the froth flotation
process?
ii. Explain the process of electrorefining.
iii. How NaHCO3 is converted into Na2CO3?
iv. Give the principle of Solvay’s process.
v. What id refining of petrolium? How it can be carried
out?
vi. What happen when ammonical brine is carbonated?
vii. How is roasting carried out?
viii. How is ammonia prepared for the synthesis of urea?
i. What is meant by metallurgy? Give the names of
different process.
ii. How forth floatation process occurred? Explain.
iii. How concentration of crushed ore is carried out by
electromagnetic separation? Explain.
iv. Draw flow sheet diagram of Solvay’s process for the
manufacturing of sodium carbonate.
v. How CO2 is prepared in the Solvay’s process?
vi. Differentiate between diesel oil and fuel oil.
vii. Describe formation of petrolium.
viii. Give the reactions of formation of ammonia in the
process.
ix. What type of raw materials used in the manufacturing of
sodium carbonate? Give names.
i. Give the advantages of Solvay’s process.
ii. What happens when ammonium carbamate is heated
with steam?
iii. Differentiate between crude oil and residual oil.
iv. Write down the composition, boiling range and
temperature of gasoline, petrolium ether and petrolium
gas.
v. Draw flow sheet diagram of urea.
vi. How ammonia is prepared by Haber’s process? Give
equation.
vii. Discuss bassemerization by giving a suitable example.
viii. Define minerals and ores.
ix. What is the principle of fractional distillation?
SECTION – II
Q 5. Discus smelting by giving suitable example and how
refining of metal is done? Explain.
Q 6. Discuss Solvay’s process in detail.
Q 7. Give the process for the manufacturing of urea. Also give
its importance.
Q 8. Write a note on fractional distillation of petroleum.

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