Psychology is a study of the behavior of people and animals. Behavior is the product of both nature and nurture, that is the product of our biological make up and our environmental conditioning.

1. PSYCHOLOGY
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2. INTRODUCTION
► Human being are unique
► Each individual has its own uniqueness.
► The individual self will become as a ‘whole’
when combines with the knowledge of
‘psychology’.
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3. PSYCHOLOGY
 study of the behavior of people and
animals
 Behavior
– is the product of both nature and nurture,
that is the product of our biological make up
and our environmental conditioning.
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4. Definition
► From the word Psyche and Logos.
 Psyche-soul and the ‘root’ of life.
 Logos - research which refers to science and
knowledge.
► Definition - an empirical study of behavior
and experience (Kalat, 1999).
► Psychology deals with the mind and
personality of individuals.
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5. The Main Field of Psychology
► It has two (2) components:
i. Basic component
ii. Technical or implementation component.
particularly in the aspect of work, life,
health, social and community etc.
► The usages were more towards the
technical or implementation component.
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6. Field Of Psychology
(Technical/Implementation Component)
i. Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
ii. Clinical and Counseling Psychology.
iii. School and Education Psychology.
iv. Health Psychology.
► Any other field of psychology…
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7. Method of Doing Psychological
Research
► All scientific criteria which were embedded
in the psychological field must use empirical
method.
► Some of the methods being used:
 Surveying method
 Observational method
 Experimental method
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8. The Relationship Between
Psychology And The Self
► There are several areas in psychology which
have interrelated and in depth relationship
with the self:
 The development of human being.
 Motivation
 Emotion
 Personality
 Intelligence
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9. Human Development
► To see and analyze how the individual or
self changes during the course of his/her
life.
► Most important issues focused on:
 The process of physical development and
maturity.
 The process of mental development which
touches on the issue of cognition,
perception, social development etc.
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10. ► Most important related theory of human
development to remember:
 The Cognitive Development Theory of
Piaget.
 The Personality Theory of Erik Erikson.
 The Moral Development Theory of Kohlberg.
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11. Motivation
► refers
to the Theory of Human Needs of Abraham
Maslow.
► Five (5) stages: (Can be shown by using the shape
of pyramid which started from bottom and moved
up).
 5.Need to have self perfection.
 4.Need to have self recognition/self-worth.
 3.Social and to be able to love and be loved need.
 2.Safety need.
 1.Physiology need. 11

12. Emotion
Definition:
Emotion- is a subjective respond mediated
through feelings followed by changes in
physical/physiological responds.
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13. ► isa complex psychological and physiological
phenomenon involving an individual's state
of mind and how it interacts between that
individual and their environment.
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14. In humans, emotion fundamentally involves;
- physiological arousal
- expressive behaviors
- conscious experience
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15. Emotion - is associated with:
- mood
- temperament
- personality
- disposition
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16. ► The typical human emotions include:
love
grief
fear
anger
joy
►
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17. ► Each indicates a state of some kind of
arousal, a state that can prompt some
activities and interfere with others.
► These states are associated with
characteristic feelings, and they have
characteristic bodily expressions.
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18. ► Unlike moods they have objects: one
grieves over some particular thing, or is
angry at something.
► Differentphilosophical theories have tended
to highlight one or other of these aspects of
emotion.
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19. ► The characteristic expression of emotion
was studied extensively by Darwin, resulting
in the classic The Expression of the
Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).
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20. ► In 1884 James published what became
known as the James-Lange theory of
emotion whose main contention is that we
feel as we do in virtue of the bodily
expressions and behaviour that we are
prompted towards, rather than the other
way round: ‘our feeling of the changes as
they occur is the emotion’.
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21. ► Pure arousal theory imagines a visceral
reaction triggered by some event, which
stands ready to be converted into one
emotion or another by contextual factors.
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22. ► Theories based on the feel or qualia of an
emotion were put forward by writers such
as Hume and Kant, but the approach meets
difficulty when we consider that an emotion
is not a raw feel, but is identified by its
motivational powers, and their function in
prompting action.
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23. ► The English word 'emotion' is derived from
the French word émouvoir. This is based
on the Latin emovere, where e- (variant of
ex-) means 'out' and movere means
'move'.[2] The related term "motivation" is
also derived from the word movere.
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24. Emotions can be divided into two (2)
components:
Physiological component -changes in
physical
Cognitive component -the mental reaction
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25. ► Emotion - is central to human life and intimately
connected with consciousness.
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26. ► The European-American tradition often
values reason over emotion, except in
specifically defined events such as funerals,
weddings, or births.
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27. ► Buddhism, on the other hand, rejects both
self-denial and self-indulgence in a quest to
extinguish the craving for physical or
material pleasures. Religious emotion is
often balanced through paired rituals;
Catholic cultures often have a festival period
preceding the asceticism of Lent.
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28. ► Emotion frequently plays an important role
in religious ritual. Many Christian sects
revere emotional ecstasy as a direct
encounter with the Holy Spirit and an
expression of our oneness with God.
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29. Personality
► From the word ‘Persona’.
► ‘Persona’- means ‘Mask’ which was being used by
an actor.
► It is a way of referring to our various characters
which were shown in every day life.
► Psychologists have divided into three (3)
categories which were interrelated to personality:
 Id
 Ego
 Superego
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30. Id
► It comes naturally from birth.
► Comes from the energy of psyche and
instinct.
► To fulfill the self needs’.
► The principles of fun and fulfilling ones’ own
need.
► The first to create personality of the self.
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31. Ego
► Based on the principle of reality.
► Function is to give satisfaction to Id by
considering the Reality (Facts of Life).
► The development is in line with human
experience in life.
► To control and educate the Id and Superego
to be able to interact with the ‘outside
world’ or reality/facts of life.
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32. Superego
► The trait of morality, social and judgment in
the individual personality.
► To show perfection and ideal, but not the
reality.
► Developed by aggressiveness and parenting
style as well as self authority.
► Function as a moral and ‘Social Gatekeeper’.
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33. Intelligence
► Intelligence - is the capability and the ability
of the individual to use the knowledge
acquired.
► Anability to adapt one self towards
surrounding.
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34. Psychology & Knowledge
Management
► There are many fields of social sciences
which use psychology to expand, develop
and give explanation to other areas of
studies.
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35. Conclusion
In this chapter, we briefly discussed the
important aspects of psychology which gives
us the ground knowledge of understanding
human being as a unique individual and
how to understand the self through the
personality traits.
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36. ► We also looked at the human/individual
behavior and the relationship towards other
people.
► It is a very important field in order to
understand ourselves and other people why
they act as they are.
► To learn the field of psychology can
enhance the use of knowledge itself, to
improve ourselves and to better understand
other peoples’ behavior
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