Earth Science (Earth's Origin and Subsystems)

2. A galaxy is a cluster of billions of stars and
clusters of galaxies form superclusters. In
between the clusters is practicallyan empty
space. This organization of matter in the
universe suggests that it is indeed clumpy at a
certain scale. But at a large scale, it appears
homogeneous and isotropic.
• Based on recent data, the universe is 13.8
billion years old. The diameter of the universe
is possibly infinite but should be at least 91
billion light-years (1 light-year = 9.4607 × 1012
km). Its density is 4.5 x 10-31 g/cm3.

11. Factors that make a habitable planet

13. ENRICHMENT :
Terraforming Mars
Have the learners write a 200 word
report/essay on the following topic:
‘Can man alter Mars environment to
make it more suitable for human
habitation? How?’

14. Earth as a SYSTEM

15. SYSTEM - A set of interconnected components that are
interacting to form a unified whole.

16. EXAMPLE of a system- ECOSYSTEM.
(Organisms are interrelated and interacting)

17. The Earth system is essentially a CLOSED SYSTEM.
A closed system is a system in which
there is only an exchange of heat or
energy and no exchange of matter.
The Earth receives energy from the sun and
returns some of this energy to space.

18. Priming Activity
What is represented by the four (4) Sang’gre
in GMA 7’s Encantadia?

19. Priming Activity
Pirena (Fire)
Amihan (Wind)
Alena (Water)
Danaya (Earth)

20. Activity 2
The Earth System
Procedure
1. The class will be divided into four groups.
2. Each group will assign a representative to pick one of
the Earth’s subsystem.
3. Let each group illustrate in a manila paper the
subsystem assigned to them.
4. Assign a speaker to discuss the output of the group.

21. Activity 2
Guide Questions
1. What is/are the remarkable feature/s of
the subsystem?
2. How the lithosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere are
interconnected?

22. Components or subsystems
of the Earth system

23. THE EARTH SUBSYSTEMS
Biosphere Hydrosphere
Geosphere Atmosphere

24. Energy
The Earth system is powered by one external
source: the Sun
and two internal ones:
- radioactive decay
- gravitational energy (heat still being lost from
planetary formation).

25. Cycles
Material in the Earth system is continually
recycled in numerous overlapping cycles.

26. The
Carbon
Cycle

27. The
Rock
Cycle

28. The Hydrologic (Water)
Cycle

29. The atmosphere is the
thin gaseous layer
that envelopes the
lithosphere.
Atmosphere
The present atmosphere is composed of 78%
nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9%
argon, and trace amount of other gases.

30. Abstraction
Troposphere
 layer of the atmosphere
where we live
 lowest part of the
atmosphere
 has all the weather
changes and storms
 source of air we
breathe

31. Abstraction
Stratosphere
 air is dry and thin
 storms are absent
 contains an ozone
layer important in the
absorption of ultra-
violet rays

32. Abstraction
Mesosphere
 reflects radio waves
to the curved surface
of the earth
 part of the
atmosphere where
meteors are found

33. Abstraction
Thermosphere
 in the lower part,
oxygen absorbs the
sun’s ultraviolet rays
and releases heat
 different layers of the
ionosphere are found
here

34. Abstraction
Ionosphere
 contains several layers of
electrically charged or
ionized gases
Exosphere
 layer of the atmosphere
beyond the ionosphere
 has the elements hydrogen
and helium

35. Abstraction
Hydrosphere
 the water component that
covers 75% of the Earth’s
surface.
 is a dynamic mass of water
that continually cycles.
 Water is a renewable
resource since it is cycled
through the Earth via
different ways.

36. Abstraction
Hydrosphere
 Ground water is water that
soaks into the ground.
 This is the earth’s most
important source of water.
 Springs and wells or water
stored in the ground
provides fresh water all the
time.

37. Abstraction
Hydrosphere
 Reservoirs are the
artificial lakes usually
used to store fresh
water.
 They are built by
damming a river in a
low-lying area. Water
is kept behind the
dam.
 They are sources of
drinking water; provide
irrigation for farmers
and generation of
electricity.
1. About 70% of the Earth is covered
with liquid water (hydrosphere) and
much of it is in the
form of ocean water.
2. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-
thirds are in the form of ice, and the
remaining
one-third is present in streams, lakes,
and groundwater.

38. Condensation, Precipitation, Evaporation,
Transpiration, Infiltration, Surface Runoff.

39. Abstraction
Running Water
 After a heavy rain, rain water
that does not evaporate goes
to rivers and streams.
 This becomes surface run-off.
The amount that runs off
depends on the type of soil on
which the rain falls.
 The more pore space soil has
the more water it will hold.
Dry soil absorbs more water
than wet soil, so run off is
reduced.

40. The lithosphere
includes the crust and
the upper part of the
mantle.
LITHOSPHERE

41. Layers of the Earth
CRUST (continental &
oceanic)
MANTLE (upper & lower)
CORE (outer & inner)

42. Abstraction
Lithosphere
 includes the crust and the
uppermost mantle
 There are two types of
lithosphere: oceanic
lithosphere and continental
lithosphere.
 Oceanic lithosphere is
associated with oceanic
crust, and is slightly denser
than continental
lithosphere.

43. Abstraction
Lithosphere
 Continental lithosphere,
associated with continental
crust, can be much, much
thicker than its oceanic
cousin, stretching more than
200 kilometers (124 miles)
below Earth’s surface.
 The most well-known
feature associated with
Earth’s lithosphere
is tectonic activity.

44. Abstraction
Lithosphere
 The lithosphere is divided
into 15 major tectonic
plates: the North
American, Caribbean,
South American, Scotia,
Antarctic, Eurasian,
Arabian, African, Indian,
Philippine, Australian,
Pacific, Juan de Fuca,
Cocos, and Nazca.

45. Abstraction
Biosphere
 the zone of life on
Earth, a closed system
and largely self-
regulating.
 includes organisms
that inhabit the
land, air and water
and all greenery and
vibrantly colored
patches on the
Earth.
Includes all life
forms on Earth

46. Photosynthesis
The Carbon Cycle

47. Connect to Earth
Create a concept map which explains how
the lithosphere , hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere are
interconnected.
Use arrows and simple illustrations.

48. Lithosphere
Atmosphere
BiosphereHydrosphere
4.6 Billion Years of
Interaction

49. Which layer is it?

50. CRUST
- It’s the light and very thin outer
skin of the Earth.
- The outermost layer where energy
and mineral resources are derived.

51. Different elements that
compose the Earth’s CRUST
 Oxygen 46.60
 Silicon 27.72
 Aluminum 8.13
 Iron 5.00
 Calcium 3.63
 Sodium 2.83
 Potassium 2.59
 Magnesium 2.09
 Titanium 0.40
 Hydrogen 0.14

52. MANTLE
- Less dense layer
- Made up of silicate rocks, mostly
made of the elements silicon,
oxygen, iron and magnesium.

53. CORE
- Denser layer
- the Earth’s magnetic field
- strengthens the idea that the
Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.

55. Historical Development of
the concept of EARTH SYSTEM

57. Sources:
1. Ms. Laguda ppt. (Regional SHS
Mass Training of Grade 11
Teachers)
2.TG Earth & Life Science