biological effect of radiation

1. Presented by
SI Ranjit Kumar Mishra
7th NDRF
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
OF
RADIATION
WELCOME

2. • Radiation is all around us.
• It comes from outer space (cosmic), the ground
and even from within our own bodies.
• Some foods such as bananas and Brazil nuts
naturally contain higher levels of radiation.
• Brick and stone homes have higher radiation
levels than homes made of other materials such
as wood.

3.  A lot of our exposure is due to radon, a gas from
the Earth's crust that is present in the air we
breathe.
 This natural radiation that is always present is
known as “background” radiation.
 Radiation is used in medicine, to generate
electricity, to make food last longer, to sterilize
equipment, for carbon dating of archeological
finds, and many other reasons.

4. After completion of this lesson we will be able to
understand :-
 Basic knowledge about Cell
 Basic knowledge about Radiation
 Types of radiation exposure
 Sign & symptom of radiation exposure
 Radiation effects of human body
 Stages of radiation sickness
 Threshold effects & non-threshold effects
 Biological effects of Acute Exposure to Radiation

5.  The smallest unit of body is called a cell.
 An adult person’s body has about 1014
cells.
 Cells of different organs have different shapes
sizes & functions.
 Cells present in all living beings and are able to
divide and reproduce themselves.

6.  Made up of Nucleus, Cytoplasm and cell
membrane.
 DNA molecules constitutes the genetic material of
cell & are the most important target for induction of
radiation damage in cells.
 DNA contains very specialised coded language
made up of 4 molecules, A,T, G & C which are
arranged in very specific order.

8. The cells of our body can be classified into two
categories
1. Somatic cells – All cells of body except
gametes
2. Germ cells- Sperms in Males & eggs /ova in
females

9.  A somatic cell is any cell
forming the body of
animal/human being, eg.:-
skin cell, lung cell, nerve
cell, muscle cell
 Germ cells are the cells
involved in the formation
of a baby
 Only two types.
(1) Sperms: present in
males
(2) Eggs (ova): Present in
females

10.  Radiation is energy. It travels in the form of energy
waves or high-speed particles. Radiation can
occur naturally or be man-made. There are two
types:
1. Ionizing radiation
2. Non-ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation happens when the atomic
nucleus of an unstable atom decays and starts
releasing ionizing particles.

14. Type and energy of radiation
Dose rate and dose fractionation
Sensitivity of organs getting affected
Ability to repair from damage
presence of sensitizers and protectors.
Mode of exposure (internal or external)
Type of cells

16. Some people are more sensitive to
harmful effects of radiation than others.
There are a number of factors that
influence an individual's sensitivity to
radiatio.These factors include:-
 Age
 Gender
 Other Exposures
 Genetic Factors

17.  Nausea, vomiting & diarrhea
 loss of appetite
 malaise, or feeling unwell
 headache
 rapid heartbeat
Symptoms depend on the dose, and
whether it is a single dose or repeated.

18. A dose of as low as 30 rads can lead to:
•Loss of white blood cells
•Nausea and vomiting
•Headaches
A dose of 300 rads dose may result in:
•Temporary hair loss
•Damage to nerve cells
•Damage to the cells that line the digestive
tract

19.  Hair
 Brain
 Thyroid
 Blood System
 Heart
 Gastrointestinal Tract
 Reproductive Tract

20.  Blood Disorders
 Cataracts
 Malignant Tumors
 Keloids

21.  Exposed to a lot of radiation over a short
period of time, such as from a Radiation
Emergency, can cause skin burns. It may
also lead to Acute Radiation Syndrome
(ARS, or "radiation sickness").
 The symptoms of ARS include headache
and diarrhea.

22.  They usually start within hours. Those
symptoms will go away and the person will
seem healthy for a little while. But then they
will get sick again. How soon they get sick
again, which symptoms they have, and how
sick they get depends on the amount of
radiation they received.
 In some cases, ARS causes death in the
following days or weeks

24.  Prodomal stage
 Latent stage
 Overt stage
 Recovery or death

25.  THRESHOLD EFFECTS
 NON-THRESHOLD EFFECTS

26.  Radiation Sickness
 Cataracts
 Sterility
 Fetal Effects

27.  Genetic Effects
 Fetal Effects
 Cancer

28. Human tissues and organs ranked
by sensitivity to radiation induced
cancer
High Moderate Low
Bone Marrow
Breast
(premenopausal
Thyroid (child)
Lung
Stomach
Ovary
Colon
Bladder
Skin
Brain
Bone
Uterus
Kidney
Esophagus
Liver

31. Dose (rem) Effects
5-20 Possible late effects; possible chromosomal damage.
20-100 Temporary reduction in white blood cells.
100-200 Mild radiation sickness within a few hours: vomiting,
diarrhea, fatigue; reduction in resistance to infection.
200-300 Serious radiation sickness effects as in 100-200 rem and
hemorrhage; exposure is a Lethal Dose to 10-35% of the
population after 30 days.
300-400 Serious radiation sickness; also marrow and intestine
destruction.
400-1000 Acute illness, early death.
1000-5000 Acute illness, early death in days.

34.  Below 30 rads: Mild symptoms will occur in the
blood
 From 30 to 200 rads: The person may become ill.
 From 200 to 1,000 rads: The person may
become seriously ill.
 Over 1,000 rads: This will be fatal.

35. After this completion of this lesson, now you can
describe:-
 Basic knowledge about Cell
 Basic knowledge about Radiation
 Types of radiation exposure
 Sign & symptom of radiation exposure
 Radiation effects of human body
 Stages of radiation sickness
 Threshold effects & non-threshold effects
 Biological effects of Acute Exposure to Radiation

36. “I wish you’d called me earlier.”

37. www.health.ny.gov
International Atomic Energy Agency (www.iaea.or.at)
International Radiation Protection Association
(http://www.irpa.net/)
https://www.snc.edu/
https://www.atomicarchive.com/index.html
http://www.nih.gov/
The primary NIH organization for research
on Radiation Exposure is the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences

38. Biological Effects of Radiation
Biological effectct radiation
MajorUsesofRadioisot
pes_IDPH_Rad_Health
Radiation dose. annual
radiation safety

39. 39

40. Q1. Radiation Effects On Humans
Q2. DNA full form
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41. FOR YOUR
UNDIVIDED
ATTENTION!
Every single time you help
somebody stand up you are
helping humanity rise.
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