Being uncertain and insecure about one's perception of oneself might lead to failure or a lack of interest in life. Understanding oneself and the kind of person one wants to be is crucial. To develop a positive self-concept, one must first have self-awareness. There is a difference between self-concept and self-understanding, despite popular belief to the contrary. A person's self-concept is made up of all of their behaviors, convictions, and skills, as well as what they infer about themselves from other people's reactions. The capacity to comprehend oneself includes the capacity to comprehend one's own actions, reactions, and behaviors.

1. GOLEZ DREXEL GOMEZ EJAY GONZALES CHRISIA LOG -OUT
HOYLAR RICA
group 6

2. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
What is Self Western and Oriental Eastern Thought?
 Western thought, people tend to answer
affirmatively and think of the self as an
separate from others. In Eastern philosophy,
though, the self is often treated as an illusion.

3. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
Western Concept of Self
 Ancient Greek philosophers see humans as the bearers of irreplaceable values.
Thomas Aquinas believed that the body constitutes individuality and it was
focus of Renaissance thought, with Rene Descartes.
The western tradition is generally acknowledge to be “imbued with a style of
thinking based on dichotomy and binary opposition”. (Carr & Zanetti, 2OOO;
Singhal, 2000).
Stands in natural opposition to observable reality.

4. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
Frank Johnson (1985)
1.Analytical
 Johnson meant the “tendency to see reality as an aggregate of parts.” The “self” is an observer
and distinct from external objects (Me versus Other).
2. Monotheistic
 According to Johnson, involved the tendency toward unitary explanations of phenomena and a
closed-system view of “self” as modeled after a unitary, omnipotent power (“Man was created by
God, in His image).
3. Individualistic or Individualism
 Is a quality of western thinking where self- expression and self-actualization are important ways of
establishing who one is, as well in finding satisfaction in the world.
4. Materialisticrationalistic
 Western thinking tends to discredit explanations that do not use analytic- deductive modes of
thinking.

5. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
Eastern Concept of Self
 The earliest religious writings in the East are the Vedas. It formed the Hindu
philosophy and dharna (the principle of cosmic order).
 Chants and hymns in the Vedas illustrate the eastern mindset of a nondual
universe.
 Brahman is the Self that is all within us.
 Buddhism is composed of the teachings of Buddha.
 Buddha taught a doctrine called anatta, which is often defined as “no-self or
no-soul”.

6. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
Eastern Concept of Self
Annata is concept that the sense of being a permanent, autonomous “self”
is an illusion.
 Buddhist traditions holds that the human being’s inborn erroneous view of
“self” as an enduring entity is the cause of hisher suffering.
 Confucianism the quest for the “self” in terms of substance, of spirit, of
body, or of essence does not exist.
 Confucius wrote about the concept of “self” is that of personality.
 Confucian philosophy presented the idea that every person in born with
four beginnings.

7. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
Heart of compassion that leads to Jen
 Heart of righteousness that leads to Yi
 Heart of propriety that leads to Li
 Heart of wisdom that leads to Chih
The four beginnings are:

8. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
 Taoism rejects a hierarchical view of the self, society, or cosmos.
 According to Chuang-tzu’s, “The perfect man has no self; the spiritual
man has no achievements ; the true sage has no name.”
 The Arabic word for the word “self” is Nafs written in the Holy Qur’an.
Eastern Concept of Self

9. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
Individual vs. collective self
 Individualism refers to the extent that you value independence and
personal uniqueness.
 Individualistic self is relating to a single person or thing as opposed
to more than one
 Collectivism refers to the extent that we value our duty to groups to
which we belong, and to group harmony.
 Collective self refers to a perception of self as an interchangeable
exemplar of some social category rather than a perception of self as a
unique person.

10. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
Individual vs. collective self
 Baumeister (1986) proposed that self-concept could be
organized in three aspects.
1. Private – ( I am honest )
2. Public – ( People think I’m hones t)
3. Collective – ( My family expects me to be honest )

11. ALTIMETER GROUP 6
The Self as Embedded in Relationships and Through Spiritual
Development In Confucian Though
 The Confucian tradition as a way of thinking and lifestyle
is still an inspiration to many East Asian societies.
 Confucian concept of Li often rendered as “proper
conduct” or “propriety”.
 The current context of Li moved beyond mere politeness
or convention.