Module 2 - Factors Influencing the production of red wines

1. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Factors influencing the production of red wines Pinot Noir, Zinfandel/Primitivo Session 2

2. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Parts of a grape Skin • colour • tannins • flavours Seeds and Stems • tannins Pulp • water • sugar • acids • flavours

3. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 What a vine needs Sunlight Warmth Water Nutrients Carbon dioxide water + carbon dioxide + sunlight Photosynthesis sugar

4. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 flowering fruit set – flowers become grapes véraison ripe grapes Grape formation and ripening

5. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 The growing environment climate • less alcohol • lighter body • less tannin • more acidity • more alcohol • fuller body • more tannin • less acidity Cool climate 16.5°C (62°F) or below Warm climate 18.5°C (65°F) to 21°C (70°F) Moderate climate 16.5°C (62°F) to 18.5°C (65°F)

6. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 cool currents warm currents Latitude Altitude Seas The growing environment influences on climate

7. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 The growing environment rivers, slopes and aspect

8. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 The growing environment cloud, fog and mist

9. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 The growing environment mountains, soils and air

10. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Weather influences The growing environment weather

11. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Growing grapes vineyard activities yield training and pruning irrigation spraying harvesting

12. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Labelling terms related to origin and regulation Geographical indications (GIs) • outside the European Union • inside the European Union • Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) • Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

13. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Wine regions of France FRANCE BELGIUM GERMANY SPAIN Marseille LOIRE VALLEY CHAMPAGNE BEAUJOLAIS SOUTHERN RHÔNE SOUTH OF FRANCE NORTHERN RHÔNE BORDEAUX ALSACE Paris Bordeaux BURGUNDY FRANCE

14. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Labelling in France Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Country PDO Labelling Term France Appellation d’origine protégée (AOP) Appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC) Country PGI Labelling Term France Indication géographique protégée (IGP) Vin de pays (VdP)

15. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 • thin skin • high acidity • low to medium tannin • red fruit: strawberry raspberry red cherry Pinot Noir • typically single varietal • careful use of oak • used to make sparkling wines • very good or outstanding examples can age: mushroom forest floor Cool Moderate

16. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 FRANCE BELGIUM GERMANY SPAIN Marseille Paris Bordeaux BURGUNDY FRANCE Pinot Noir

17. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Beaune CÔTE D’OR Dijon CÔTE DE NUITS CÔTE DE BEAUNE Grands Crus Beaune Pommard Gevrey-Chambertin Nuits-Saint- Georges Pinot Noir

18. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Beaune CÔTE D’OR Dijon CÔTE DE NUITS CÔTE DE BEAUNE Grands Crus Beaune Pommard Gevrey-Chambertin Nuits-Saint- Georges Pinot Noir

19. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 USA CHILE FRANCE SOUTH AFRICA NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA WORLD WINE REGIONS Pinot Noir

20. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Los Angeles USA CANADA NORTH AMERICA MEXICO San Francisco OREGON CALIFORNIA Pinot Noir

21. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 San Francisco CALIFORNIA NEVADA CALIFORNIA Los Angeles SONOMA LOS CARNEROS SANTA BARBARA COUNTY Pinot Noir

22. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Sonoma SONOMA SONOMA Napa San Francisco San Pablo Bay LOS CARNEROS Pinot Noir

23. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Santiago CHILE CHILE CASABLANCA VALLEY Pinot Noir

24. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 WESTERN CAPE WALKER BAY WESTERN CAPE Pinot Noir

25. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Sydney VICTORIA NEW SOUTH WALES Canberra Melbourne YARRA VALLEY MORNINGTON PENINSULA VICTORIA AND NEW SOUTH WALES Pinot Noir

26. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Auckland NEW ZEALAND Christchurch CENTRAL OTAGO MARLBOROUGH MARTINBOROUGH Pinot Noir

27. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 APPEARANCE Intensity pale – medium – deep Colour white rosé red lemon – gold – amber pink – pink-orange – orange purple – ruby – garnet – tawny NOSE Intensity light – medium – pronounced Aroma characteristics e.g. primary, secondary, tertiary Tasting

28. Issue 1 © WSET 2019 PALATE Sweetness dry – off-dry – medium – sweet Acidity low – medium – high Tannin low – medium – high Alcohol low – medium – high Body light – medium – full Flavour intensity light – medium – pronounced Flavour characteristics e.g. primary, secondary, tertiary Finish short – medium – long CONCLUSIONS Quality poor – acceptable – good – very good – outstanding Tasting

31. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Winery vessels inert vessels Material • stainless steel • concrete Features • fermentation and storage • no flavour added • can be airtight

34. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 Maturation in bottle What a wine needs to age • flavour concentration • flavours that can develop in a positive way • high acid, tannin or sugar

35. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 • ripens unevenly • high sugar levels • medium to high acidity • medium to high tannin Warm • rosé and red wines • red wines often oaked • very good or outstanding examples of red wines can age: earth meat Zinfandel/Primitivo

38. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 APPEARANCE Intensity pale – medium – deep Colour white rosé red lemon – gold – amber pink – pink-orange – orange purple – ruby – garnet – tawny NOSE Intensity light – medium – pronounced Aroma characteristics e.g. primary, secondary, tertiary Tasting

39. Issue 1.1 © WSET 2019 PALATE Sweetness dry – off-dry – medium – sweet Acidity low – medium – high Tannin low – medium – high Alcohol low – medium – high Body light – medium – full Flavour intensity light – medium – pronounced Flavour characteristics e.g. primary, secondary, tertiary Finish short – medium – long CONCLUSIONS Quality poor – acceptable – good – very good – outstanding Tasting

Module 2 - Factors Influencing the production of red wines

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Module 2 - Factors Influencing the production of red wines

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Module 2 - Factors Influencing the production of red wines