We all know Gartner's expectations - 20 billion connected devices by 2020. People are not going to charge tens of devices every day so we need low power communication. More and more devices are being deployed remote so we need wide area networking. With the emergence of LPWAN and the commoditization of connectivity, the industry needs to focus on new challenges: life cycle optimization and environmental issues, firmware updates, transfer of ownership, spectrum regulation, security and privacy issues, and making IoT development and deployment as easy as developing a website using WordPress.

1. SCALING THE INTERNET OF THINGS
FROM 1 TO 1 BILLION
Johan Stokking
Tech Lead, The Things Network
CTO and Co-Founder, The Things Industries
johan@thethingsnetwork.org
@johanstokking

2. INTERNET OF HUMANS
VS
INTERNET OF THINGS

3. 0
5
10
15
20
25
2016 2017 2018 2020
Number of Installed IoT Units (Billions)
Consumer Business: Cross-Industry Business: Vertical-Specific
Source: Gartner (January, 2017)

4. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
COST AND SCALE
Reduce TCO
• Design
• Development
• Materials
• Certification
• Distribution
• Commissioning
• Installation
• Connectivity
• Maintenance
• Support

6. Up to tens of thousands
devices per gateway

7. so devices can run on solar panels
for months or years on batteries
Low power and small messages

8. Fast
and
quiet
Slow
and
loud

9. LORA
Spread-spectrum; robust to interference, multipath and fading

10. LORA PERFORMANCE
TX
P (dBm)
RX
TXPower
Connectorloss
Antennagain
Connectorloss
Antennagain
RXPower
Path loss and fading
14
0
-100
Receiver sensitivity
-137 dBm
151dBmlinkbudget

11. LORA PERFORMANCE
Wi-Fi
Unlicensed LPWAN
Licensed LPWAN
TX Power RX Sensitivity Link budget
20.5 dBm -75 dBm 95.5 dBm
14 dBm -137 dBm 151 dBm
23 dBm -129 dBm 152 dBm

12. LORA PERFORMANCE
Theoretical maximum in free space
is 850 km (US915 regulations)
Wi-Fi is only 550 meters
The Things Network
Community set the
world record: 702 km
using a helium balloon

13. FREE SPACE?
Attenuation Reflection and diffraction Fresnel zone

14. Sigfox
IOT CONNECTIVITY
Range
Bandwidth
NFC
BLE
Wi-Fi
NB-IoT
LoRa
Smart home
and office
Agriculture, lighting, low
value object tracking,
smart metering, utilities
maintenance, smart
parking, smart building,
any power constraints
Smart grid,
high value
object
tracking,
connected cars
Wearables
Contactless
payments, tag
scanning

15. BACK TO JULY 2015

16. OUR MISSION
IS TO BUILD
A DECENTRALIZED,
OPEN AND
CROWD SOURCED
IOT DATA NETWORK
OWNED AND OPERATED BY ITS USERS

25. TODAY

26. GROWTH

27. THE THINGS NETWORK GROWTH

28. THE THINGS NETWORK WORLDWIDE

30. DEVELOPER ECOSYSTEM
0 - 1 1 - 1K

31. #include <TheThingsNetwork.h>
const char *appEui = "0000000000000000";
const char *appKey = "00000000000000000000000000000000";
#define loraSerial Serial1
#define debugSerial Serial
TheThingsNetwork ttn(loraSerial, debugSerial, TTN_FP_EU868);
void setup()
{
loraSerial.begin(57600);
debugSerial.begin(9600);
ttn.join(appEui, appKey);
ttn.showStatus();
}
void loop()
{
float temp = analogRead(1);
int16_t temp100 = temp * 100;
byte payload[2];
payload[0] = temp100 ">> 8;
payload[1] = temp100 & 0xff;
ttn.sendBytes(payload, sizeof(payload));
delay(10000);
}
25,42 °C "=> 0x09EE

32. function Decoder(payload) {
var temp100;
if (payload[0] & 0x80) {
temp100 = (0xffff "<< 16) | (payload[0] "<< 8) | payload[1];
} else {
temp100 = (payload[0] "<< 8) | payload[1];
}
return {
temperature: temp100 / 100
}
}
0x09EE "=> 25,42 °C

33. var ttn = require("dist")
var appID = "foo"
var accessKey = "ttn-account-v2.eiPq8mEeYRL_PNBZsOpPy-O3ABJXYWulODmQGR5PZzg"
ttn.data(appID, accessKey)
.then(function (client) {
client.on("uplink", function (devID, payload) {
console.log("uplink from ", devID)
console.log(payload)
})
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.error("whoops", error)
process.exit(1)
})
{ “temperature”: 25.42 }

34. DEVELOPER ECOSYSTEM
1K - 1M0 - 1 1 - 1K

35. 1K - 1M
DEVELOPER ECOSYSTEM
where the magic happens
comfort zone

36. 1K - 1M
DEVELOPER ECOSYSTEM
comfort zone
where the magic happens

38. Insert old picture here

41. REGULATED CHAIN
3–4 weeks between harvesting and consumption
Very delicate product: maturity and shape when harvesting, and bruises and ripening
during transportation
Ripening is between 4 days (17,8 °C) to 8 days (14,5 °C) with ethylene gas

43. CONNECTED CHAIN
Banana Ripening App
Farm Ship Transport Storage Shop
The Things Network: public and private
Control temperature,humidity andethylene gasthroughout the chain
Private
+ Public
Private offline
or satellite
Private pico
+ Public
Private Private

44. YET, THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST
POPULAR DEVICES TODAY

45. Public network
Private SaaS
Private on-premisesPrivate pico/offline
LoRaWAN
development V3: 2018
V2: 2017
V1: 2016
V0: 2015
THE THINGS NETWORK STACK V3

46. V3 BASE COMPONENTS

47. V3 PUBLIC COMMUNITY NETWORK
The Things Network Foundation
!"#$
Open Network Infrastructure Association
%
Meshed
&
In progress or RFP
'()*
+,"!

48. v
v
v
PRIVATE-PRIVATE PEERING

49. YOU ARE THE NETWORK

50. QUESTIONS?
Johan Stokking
Tech Lead, The Things Network
CTO and Co-Founder, The Things Industries
johan@thethingsnetwork.org
@johanstokking