Global data access can greatly expand the reach of your business. Continuent Tungsten multi-site multi-master (MSMM) solutions enable applications to accept write traffic in multiple locations across on-premises and cloud providers. This includes the following important real-world use cases: • Improve performance for globally distributed users registering hardware devices by permitting updates on the geographically closest site. • Ensure availability of credit card processing by spreading transaction processing across two or more sites. Users can still process credit card transactions if a single site is unavailable to them for any reason, including end-user Internet routing problems. • Enable business continuity by using multi-master updates on different hosting providers for service scalability, personalization and software upgrades of GPS devices. Individual Continuent Tungsten clusters already provide excellent single-site database availability and performance. In this webinar we review the benefits of combining multiple Continuent Tungsten clusters into a global multi-site multi-master topology for: • Optimizing your installation for MSMM • Optimizing your application for MSMM • Monitoring and administration • Failover and recovery of individual servers or entire locations.

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Geographically Distributed
Multi-Master MySQL Clusters
Jeff Mace, Director of Professional Services

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Introducing Continuent
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• The leading provider of clustering and
replication for open source DBMS
• Our Product: Continuent Tungsten
• Clustering - Commercial-grade HA, performance
scaling and data management for MySQL
• Replication - Flexible, high-performance data
movement

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Quick Continuent Facts
• Largest Tungsten installation by data volume
processes over 800 million transactions per
day on 225 terabytes of relational data
• Largest installation by transaction volume
handles up to 8 billion transactions daily
• Wide variety of topologies including MySQL,
Oracle, Vertica, and Hadoop in production
• Cross-site topologies widely deployed
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Continuent Tungsten Customers
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1

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The Importance of
Geographic Distribution for
Business Data

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Use case: Registering and updating
hardware devices
• Users may be located in any region
• DNS routes users to an available site with
lowest round-trip latency
• Each site offers full-service processing to
users
• BENEFIT: Transactions always process at the
fastest location for user
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Use case: Credit card transaction
processing
• Customer connectivity to a particular Internet
site is never guaranteed
• Credit card processing apps use a list of
potential sites
• Credit card app connects to the first
responsive site and issues transaction
• BENEFIT: No credit card transaction is ever
refused
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Use case: GPS device personalization
and upgrade service
• Local sites may be subject to prolonged
failures that would otherwise
• Business processing continues at other sites
• Transactions reconcile automatically when
down site(s) are restored
• BENEFIT: Business processing continues
without complex site failover or data loss
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Automatic Failover
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Automatic Local Failover
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Application
Tungsten Connector

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Automatic Local Failover
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Application
Tungsten Connector
1. Detect non-
responsive
master
2. Halt master connections

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Automatic Local Failover
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Application
Tungsten Connector
3. Select most advanced
slave and wait for pending
transactions to apply

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Automatic Local Failover
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Application
Tungsten Connector
4. Promote to master,
reconfigure slave(s), and
re-enable connections

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Automatic Local Failover
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Application
Tungsten Connector
5. Recover failed master

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Support Multiple Hosting Providers
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Support Multiple Hosting Providers
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AWS Rackspace
On-Premises
App Server
+ Connector

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Bi-Directional Replication
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AWS Rackspace
master
slave rack
rack
aws
aws
master
slave
Important Note: Continuent
recommends 3 nodes for clusters

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Provider Failover
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Location Failover
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AWS Rackspace
On-Premises
App Server
+ Connector

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Location Failover
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AWS Rackspace
On-Premises
App Server
+ Connector

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Global Application Availability
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Global Application Availability
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AWS Rackspace
On-Premises
App Server
+ Connector
App Server
+ Connector
App Server
+ Connector

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Demo
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Design for MSMM
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Application and Schema Design
• Use auto_increment or UUID for primary keys
• Avoid unique keys that may conflict from
different locations
• Shard users into different schemas if possible
• Heavy INSERT workloads operate best
• Avoid UPDATE/DELETE statements of the
same data from different locations
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Server Configuration
• Use auto_increment_increment and
auto_increment_offset
• Handle DNS management with Global Traffic
Managers
• 24/7 monitoring and response is critical if you
are operating in all sites
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Wrap-Up

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Standard clustering designs provably
fail when operating over distance
• Synchronous replication adds severe
performance drag (Daniel Abadi, Yale Univ.)
• Global locks create exploding deadlock
problems (Jim Gray, Microsoft)
• Strong consistency between DBMS requires
some/all regions to stop when network fails
(CAP proof by Nancy Lynch, MIT)
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Async multi-master is overall best
approach for multi-site operation
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Europe
North
America
Asia/Pacific
SQL transaction
processing in
any region
Optimized
performance
for users
Local high
availability in
each region
Continuous
updates across
regions

30. ©Continuent 2014
www.continuent.com
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