The process of engendering the Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) began already during the process of developing the methodology for CEWARN (for a summary of important dates see Appendix I). Shortly before CEWARN was ratified by its member-states and signed into protocol in January 2002, IGAD held a workshop on Placing Gender in the Mainstream: IGAD Police Seminar on Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Khartoum, Sudan (15-16 Oct 2001).

1. The Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism for the IGAD Region CEWARN

2. Establishment of CEWARN 30 potentially threatening inter-communal conflicts by late 1990s Proliferation and availability of small arms A collapsed state due to internal conflicts (Somalia) Recent inter-state war between Member States A great number of endemic violent cross-border pastoral conflicts Continued threat of inter-state, cross- border inter-communal and inter-clan conflicts 1995: Member States to address conflicts in the region by revitalizing the IGAD Charter

3. CEWARN's Mandate …to receive and share information concerning potentially violent conflicts as well as their outbreak and escalation in the IGAD region, undertake analysis of the information and develop case scenarios and formulate options for response…

5. Agreement among MS on the need to address the plight of pastoral communities across borders of the IGAD region.

6. Many conflicts in the region are natural resource based.

8. Analysis and verification of information collected using a software Program - the CEWARN Reporter.

9. Formulation of best, worst and most likely case scenarios and response options.

10. Communication of recommendations on policy and response options to prevent/mitigate pastoral conflicts to decision-makers at the national level through the National Early Warning and Response Units (CEWERUs).

11. Promote the exchange of information and collaboration among MS on EW and ER through regional structures like the Committee of Permanent Secretaries (CPS) and Technical Committee on Early Warning (TCEW).

14. reports reports data FM FM FM FM FM Information collection Information Flow Technical Committee for Early Warning (TCEW) Committee of Permanent Secretaries (CPS) reports R E G I O N A L L E V E L reports CEWARN Monitoring at regional level; quality control in coding and analysis IGAD Secretariat Regional reports data National Research Institute tasked with data collection, coding, analysis at national level C O U N T R Y L E V E L CEWERU/Local committees based at national and local levels in each Member State

16. Representatives of CSO’s, including religious organizations, elders, academic and research institutions;

18. Areas of Reporting (AoR’s) Karamoja and Somali Clusters

19. CEWARN AORs Karamoja Cluster Taking a Regional Approach Country Coordinators = 3 Field Monitors = 15

20. Role of Civil Society in the CEWARN Mechanism Civil Society forms an integral part of the CEWARN Mechanism At the regional level: In the Protocol, CSOs representatives are members of the Technical committee on Early warning (TCEW). CPMR partnership with CCR of South Africa. At the national level: The NRI’s in all MS are NGO’s or independent academic institutes. CSO’s part of the CEWERU’s hence part of decision making structures Networking: CEWARN is linking up with CSO’s for expansion of information sources and better utilization of ICT-resources. At the local level: Collection and analysis of information by Field Monitors from civil society institutions Civil society and religious institutions are members of the local committees in the MS.

21. Methodology Collection of information CEWARN collects and analyses information using a software tool - the Reporter. The Reporter is fed with both Incident Reports and Situation Reports on a weekly basis. Violent incidents recorded include raids, armed clashes, protest demonstrations and other crime like assaults and banditry. The information collected is based on a set of 52 behavioral indicators tracking communal relations, civil society activities, economic activities, governance and media,natural disasters and resource use, safety and security and social services. In addition to this event data, CEWARN now is in the process of collecting and integrating structural data in the Reporter.

24. Violent Incidents Total No. of Violent Incidents = 1,715

25. Human Deaths Total no. of human deaths during July 03 – December 2006 = 2,874

26. Livestock Losses Total no. of net live stock loss (Livestock Raided-Recovered) during July 03 –December 2006 = 144,513

28. Expand the monitoring and reporting of pastoral and related conflicts in all IGAD Member States.

29. Strengthen the institutional and functional capacity of CEWARN.

30. Widen sources of information, enhance the information collection system, and strengthen the data analysis capacity of CEWARN.

31. Develop a public relations and communication strategy and promote awareness on CEWARN’s work.

32. Implement a sustainable long-term funding strategy that will ensure CEWARN’s access to adequate resources to fulfill its mandate.