This document discusses sustainability certification of biomass. It outlines the growing public concern over the sustainability of biomass production which has led to the development of certification standards. Key criteria for sustainable biomass production standards include greenhouse gas balances, avoiding competition with food production, protecting biodiversity, and ensuring environmental protection and prosperity. The EU Renewable Energy Directive lays out sustainability criteria for biofuels, including minimum thresholds for greenhouse gas savings. Certification systems involve accreditation bodies, control and verification of production according to set standards and principles. Implementation in the Netherlands and Germany involves national certification schemes that must meet or exceed EU requirements. Africa will need to ensure biomass supplies to Europe are certified as sustainable under these standards.

1. 29 januari 2015
Sustainability
Certificaton of
Biomass
Jatropha sustainability
Ir. Kees W. Kwant

2. 2
Contents
1. Why sustainability of biomass?
2. Criteria
3. Certification
4. Implementation (in EU)

3. 3
1. Why? GROWING PUBLIC CONCERN

4. 4
Bioshape ruins
Tanzanian
farmers,
Misleading
Information,
Company bankrupt
NRC 19 Sept 2010

5. 5
Who owns the land, who earns?
•Land grabbing from local
communities?
•Food <-> Agrofuels
•Resource exploitation?
•Stable Investments for the future?

6. 6
Clearing for Jatropha in Mozambique
•Loss of Biodiversity?
•Loss of Carbon
stock?
•Bad Green House
Gas Balance?

7. 7
2. Sustainable Biomass Standards:
Cramer: Principles, Criteria and Indicators:
1. Greenhouse gas balance
2. Competition with food, local energy
supply, medicines and construction
materials
3. Biodiversity
4. Prosperity
5. Welfare
6. Environment

8. 8
Cramer / NTA 8080 EC Directive
1. GHG-balance/ C-stocks Yes
2. Competition with food Reporting
3. Biodiversity Yes
4. Environment Within Europe
5. Prosperity (Reporting)
6. Well-being Reporting
Implementation:
Cramer criteria vs Renewable Energy Directive

9. 9
Renewable Energy Directive (RED)
Sustainability criteria for biofuels and
bioliquids:
1. Greenhouse gas savings:
> 35% (new installations)
> 50% (after 2017)
2. Biodiversity
No go areas: primary forests,
highly biodiverse grassland
3. Carbon stocks
Wetlands, continuously forested
areas (canopy 10 – 30%)
4. Environment
Cross compliance (production in EU)

10. 10
Production of Ethanol from Wheat (NG steam boiler) Version 1 - Public
Overview Results
All results in Non- allocated Allocation Allocated Total Default values Allocation factors Emission reduction
g CO 2,eq / MJ Ethanol results factor results RED Annex V.D Ethanol plant Fossil fuel reference (petrol)
Cultivation eec 23,3 23 59,5% to ethanol 83,8 g CO2,eq/MJ
Cultivation of wheat 39,17 59,5% 23,31 23,43 40,5% to DDGS GHG emission reduction
Processing ep 29,4 30 35%
Ethanol plant 49,40 59,5% 29,40 29,57
Transport etd 1,9 2
Handling & storage of wheat 0,10 59,5% 0,06
Transport of wheat 0,52 59,5% 0,31 Calculations in this Excel sheet……
Transport of ethanol 1,10 100% 1,10 1,10
Filling station 0,44 100% 0,44 0,44
Land use change el 0,0 59,5% 0,0 0,0 0
esca + eccr + eccs 0,0 100% 0,0 0,0 0
Totals 90,7 54,6 55 As explained in "About" under "Inconsistent use of GWP's"
Calculation per phase
Cultivation of wheat Quantity of product Calculated emissions Info
Yield Yield Emissions per MJ ethanol per kg wheat per ha, year
Wheat 5.208 kg ha
-1
year
-1
76.587 MJWheat ha
-1
year
-1
g CO2 g CH4 g N2O g CO2, eq g CO2, eq kg CO2, eq
Moisture content 13,5% 1,000 MJ / MJWheat, input
By-product Straw 2.148 kg ha
-1
year
-1
0,128 kgWheat/MJethanol
Energy consumption
Diesel 3.717 MJ ha
-1
year
-1
8,01 0,00 0,00 8,01 62,54 325,7
Agro chemicals
N-fertiliser 109,3 kg N ha
-1
year
-1
7,59 0,02 0,03 15,80 123,42 642,8
K2O-fertiliser 16,4 kg K2O ha
-1
year
-1
0,22 0,00 0,00 0,23 1,81 9,4
P2O5-fertiliser 21,6 kg P2O5 ha
-1
year
-1
0,51 0,00 0,00 0,54 4,20 21,9
Pesticides 2,3 kg ha
-1
year
-1
0,57 0,00 0,00 0,63 4,92 25,6
Seeding material
0,38
Transparant GHG calculations
Calculations in this Excel sheet……
As explained in "About" under "Inconsistent use of GWP's"
Available at
www.BioGrace.net

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3. Certification system:
Accreditation body
Control
Standard:
Principles
Criteria
Indicators
Certificate
Certification
scheme :
Indicators & verifiers
Rules & regulations
Procedures
Label
Standardisation organisation
Developing the norm based on consensus
Expert committee
Determine/maintain certification scheme
Certification organisation
Inspection en verification

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Primaire
productie
Processing Productie DistributieTransport
Chain of Custody
= = = =
“evidence”

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Mass Balance (in EU:Renewable Energy Directive)
1,000 ton 40% MB
4,000 ton 0% MB
5,000 ton 60% MB 4,000 ton 40% MB
4,000 ton 10% MB
2,000 ton 70% MB

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4. Implementation
Netherlands: NTA 8080/8081 ( www.nta8080.org )
-Standards based on the Cramer criteria in verifiable requirements
-Developed jointly with Industry, NGO’s and Government
-Certification in chain of costudy, all models possible
-Requirements for certifying bodies and auditors
-Assessment frequency and vilidity of certificate
-Tested in Netherlands, and subject to testing in projects

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Other certification systems
Germany:
-ISCC www.iscc-system.org
- Structure for auditors
- Registration & tracebility
- GHG calculations
- Sub certificates for German farmers
at: https://nabisy.ble.de
-BioCert
- Follows EU minimum requirements
Global:
- RSB: Roundtable Sustainable Biofuels
- Criteria ready, other certification
schemes can pick up
- Will apply as Voluntary scheme to EU

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Conclusions and Questions
1. By 1 January 2011 only Certified Sustainable Biofuels allowed in
Europe
2. Europe getting ready with criteria and certification schemes
3. Is Africa ready to supply to this EU market?
4. Would this sustainability approach be good for your projects or
your regions
5. What needs to be done to implement sustainability?

17. 17
EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC