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11.11 Applications of
    Taylor Series
           −
Evaluate       correct to within an error
of 0.01.
11.11 Applications of
    Taylor Series
                −
Evaluate                    correct to within an error
of 0.01.

 −         ∞        (− )             ∞
     =      =          !    =         =   (− )   !

     =     −    !   +   !   −   !   + ···
11.11 Applications of
    Taylor Series
                  −
Evaluate                        correct to within an error
of 0.01.

 −           ∞        (− )               ∞
         =    =          !      =         =   (− )       !

         =   −    !   +    !    −   !   + ···
     −
             = −          · !   +   · !   −     · !   + ··· +
−           ∞        (− )               ∞
        =    =          !      =         =   (− )       !

        =   −    !   +    !    −   !   + ···
    −
            = −          · !   +   · !   −     · !   + ··· +
−           ∞        (− )                 ∞
        =    =          !        =         =   (− )         !

        =   −    !   +    !    −     !   + ···
    −
            = −          · !   +     · !   −       · !   + ··· +

    −
            =        −     · !   +       · !   −    · !   + ···
−           ∞        (− )                 ∞
        =    =          !        =         =   (− )         !

        =   −    !   +    !    −     !   + ···
    −
            = −          · !   +     · !   −       · !   + ··· +

    −
            =        −     · !   +       · !   −    · !   + ···

            =        −    +          −         +           − ···
−           ∞        (− )                 ∞
        =    =          !        =         =   (− )         !

        =   −    !   +    !    −     !   + ···
    −
            = −          · !   +     · !   −       · !   + ··· +

    −
            =        −     · !   +       · !   −    · !   + ···

            =        −    +          −         +           − ···

            ≈ .
What is the maximum error possible in using
the approximation

                 ≈ −      !   +   !
when   − . ≤   ≤ .    ?


For what value of      is this approximation
accurate to within   .         ?


What is the smallest degree of the Taylor
polynomial we can use to approximate if we
want the error in [  . , . ] to be less
than       ?
What is the maximum error possible in using
the approximation

                ≈ −      !   +   !
when   − . ≤   ≤ .   ?
What is the maximum error possible in using
the approximation

                  ≈ −       !   +     !
when   − . ≤     ≤ .    ?

Taylor’s Inequality:

             |   ( )|           | |
                            !
What is the maximum error possible in using
the approximation

                        ≈ −      !   +     !
when       − . ≤      ≤ .    ?

Taylor’s Inequality:

                  |   ( )|           | |
                               !
           ( )
       |         |=|−        |≤ ,              =
What is the maximum error possible in using
the approximation

                        ≈ −      !   +     !
when       − . ≤      ≤ .    ?

Taylor’s Inequality:

                  |   ( )|           | |
                               !
           ( )
       |         |=|−        |≤ ,              =
when       − . ≤      ≤ .
What is the maximum error possible in using
the approximation

                        ≈ −             !   +     !
when       − . ≤      ≤ .       ?

Taylor’s Inequality:

                  |   ( )|                  | |
                                  !
           ( )
       |         |=|−           |≤ ,                  =
when       − . ≤      ≤ .
                        .
                                    .
                            !
For what value of        is this approximation
accurate to within   .           ?
For what value of        is this approximation
accurate to within   .           ?

We want
             | |
                  < .
                !
For what value of        is this approximation
accurate to within   .           ?

We want
             | |
                  < .
                !
       | | < .            · !    .
For what value of        is this approximation
accurate to within   .           ?

We want
             | |
                  < .
                !
       | | < .            · !    .

                 | |< .
What is the smallest degree of the Taylor
polynomial we can use to approximate if we want
the error in [ . , . ] to be less than    ?
What is the smallest degree of the Taylor
polynomial we can use to approximate if we want
the error in [ . , . ] to be less than    ?

                      .
 |   ( )|       | |           .
            !             !
What is the smallest degree of the Taylor
polynomial we can use to approximate if we want
the error in [ . , . ] to be less than    ?

                      .
 |   ( )|       | |           .
            !             !
                      .
 |   ( )|       | |           .
            !             !
What is the smallest degree of the Taylor
polynomial we can use to approximate if we want
the error in [ . , . ] to be less than    ?

                       .
 |    ( )|       | |           .
             !             !
                       .
 |    ( )|       | |           .
             !             !
                       .
  |   ( )|       | |           .
             !             !
What is the smallest degree of the Taylor
polynomial we can use to approximate if we want
the error in [ . , . ] to be less than    ?

                       .
  |   ( )|       | |           .
             !             !
                       .
  |   ( )|       | |           .
             !             !
                       .
  |   ( )|       | |           .
             !             !
So we need the Taylor polynomial of degree 8.
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !
Taylor approximation of             .

                         +
     =       (   )              =           +           + ···
         =
                     (   + )!           !       !   !

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Calculus II - 30

  • 1. 11.11 Applications of Taylor Series − Evaluate correct to within an error of 0.01.
  • 2. 11.11 Applications of Taylor Series − Evaluate correct to within an error of 0.01. − ∞ (− ) ∞ = = ! = = (− ) ! = − ! + ! − ! + ···
  • 3. 11.11 Applications of Taylor Series − Evaluate correct to within an error of 0.01. − ∞ (− ) ∞ = = ! = = (− ) ! = − ! + ! − ! + ··· − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ··· +
  • 4. ∞ (− ) ∞ = = ! = = (− ) ! = − ! + ! − ! + ··· − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ··· +
  • 5. ∞ (− ) ∞ = = ! = = (− ) ! = − ! + ! − ! + ··· − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ··· + − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ···
  • 6. ∞ (− ) ∞ = = ! = = (− ) ! = − ! + ! − ! + ··· − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ··· + − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ··· = − + − + − ···
  • 7. ∞ (− ) ∞ = = ! = = (− ) ! = − ! + ! − ! + ··· − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ··· + − = − · ! + · ! − · ! + ··· = − + − + − ··· ≈ .
  • 8. What is the maximum error possible in using the approximation ≈ − ! + ! when − . ≤ ≤ . ? For what value of is this approximation accurate to within . ? What is the smallest degree of the Taylor polynomial we can use to approximate if we want the error in [ . , . ] to be less than ?
  • 9. What is the maximum error possible in using the approximation ≈ − ! + ! when − . ≤ ≤ . ?
  • 10. What is the maximum error possible in using the approximation ≈ − ! + ! when − . ≤ ≤ . ? Taylor’s Inequality: | ( )| | | !
  • 11. What is the maximum error possible in using the approximation ≈ − ! + ! when − . ≤ ≤ . ? Taylor’s Inequality: | ( )| | | ! ( ) | |=|− |≤ , =
  • 12. What is the maximum error possible in using the approximation ≈ − ! + ! when − . ≤ ≤ . ? Taylor’s Inequality: | ( )| | | ! ( ) | |=|− |≤ , = when − . ≤ ≤ .
  • 13. What is the maximum error possible in using the approximation ≈ − ! + ! when − . ≤ ≤ . ? Taylor’s Inequality: | ( )| | | ! ( ) | |=|− |≤ , = when − . ≤ ≤ . . . !
  • 14. For what value of is this approximation accurate to within . ?
  • 15. For what value of is this approximation accurate to within . ? We want | | < . !
  • 16. For what value of is this approximation accurate to within . ? We want | | < . ! | | < . · ! .
  • 17. For what value of is this approximation accurate to within . ? We want | | < . ! | | < . · ! . | |< .
  • 18. What is the smallest degree of the Taylor polynomial we can use to approximate if we want the error in [ . , . ] to be less than ?
  • 19. What is the smallest degree of the Taylor polynomial we can use to approximate if we want the error in [ . , . ] to be less than ? . | ( )| | | . ! !
  • 20. What is the smallest degree of the Taylor polynomial we can use to approximate if we want the error in [ . , . ] to be less than ? . | ( )| | | . ! ! . | ( )| | | . ! !
  • 21. What is the smallest degree of the Taylor polynomial we can use to approximate if we want the error in [ . , . ] to be less than ? . | ( )| | | . ! ! . | ( )| | | . ! ! . | ( )| | | . ! !
  • 22. What is the smallest degree of the Taylor polynomial we can use to approximate if we want the error in [ . , . ] to be less than ? . | ( )| | | . ! ! . | ( )| | | . ! ! . | ( )| | | . ! ! So we need the Taylor polynomial of degree 8.
  • 23. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 24. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 25. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 26. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 27. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 28. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 29. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 30. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 31. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 32. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 33. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 34. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !
  • 35. Taylor approximation of . + = ( ) = + + ··· = ( + )! ! ! !

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