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PROGETTO E SVILUPPO
DELLO STADIO DI
AMPLIFICAZIONE DI UN
GENERATORE DI ONDE
ARBITRARIE AD ALTA
TENSIONE E PRIMI TEST
SU UNA SORGENTE DI
NANOCLUSTER ATOMICI
LAUREANDO: Davide RAIMONDI
RELATORE: Chiar.mo Prof. Sergio CARRATO
CORRELATORI: Dott. Giuseppe CAUTERO, Sig.
Dario GIURESSI
UNIVERSITƀ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE
Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura
Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Elettronica e Informatica
A.A. 2020/2021
1
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Cosa sono i nanocluster?
Agglomerati di atomi dello stesso elemento
Hanno proprietĆ  che dipendono dalle loro dimensioni
Sono importanti per:
ā‘Studio della materia
ā‘Creazione di nuovi materiali
ā‘Miglioramento efficienza dei processi produttivi
Cluster metallici positivi
2
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Descrizione della
macchina
La sorgente di cluster ĆØ divisa in 4
stadi
1. Generazione
2. Trasporto
3. Selezione
4. Deposizione
Lettura corrente sul campione come
feedback
3
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Fase di
generazione
Laser incidente su un bersaglio
mobile
Formazione di plasma
Valvola piezoelettrica
Getto di elio
Camera di termalizzazione
Espansione supersonica
4
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Fase di trasporto
ƈ costituita da:
ā€¢ Lenti elettrostatiche
ā€¢ Ottupolo
ā€¢ Circuito di adattamento
Ha il compito di guidare e
focalizzare il fascio
5
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Fase di selezione
Bender elettrostatico
ā€¢ Fa la selezione in base al segno
ā€¢ Procedono solo i cluster positivi
QMS (Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer)
ā€¢ Fa la selezione in base alle dimensioni
ā€¢ Procedono solo i cluster delle dimensioni
volute
6
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Fase di
deposizione
Aggiunto un secondo ottupolo e lenti
elettrostatiche di trasporto per il
collegamento meccanico
Defocalizzazione del fascio
Soft landing
Deposizione sul campione
Lettura di corrente
Misure XPS (X-ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy)
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
7
CriticitĆ  della fase di trasporto
Numero di parametri da controllare
Circuito di adattamento:
ā‘Limite in frequenza
ā‘Limite delle forme dā€™onda
ā‘Disadattamento e riflessione
Fenomeni parassiti allā€™interno della macchina
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
8
RADIO
CIRCUITO DI
ADATTAMENTO
OTTUPOLO
Caratterizzazione
dellā€™ottupolo
Ricerca del modello equivalente
Analisi in frequenza
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
9
Modello equivalente
Misure realizzate con FLUKE PM6304
ā€¢ š¶š· = 78 š‘š¹
ā€¢ š¶š‘ƒ = 73 š‘š¹
ā€¢ š¶š‘ = 87 š‘š¹
ā€¢ š¶š‘‡š‘‚š‘‡ ā‰ˆ 100 š‘š¹
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
10
Analisi in frequenza
ā€¢ šœ† = Ī¤
š‘
š‘“ = ąµ—
3āˆ—108
2āˆ— 106 = 150š‘š
ā€¢ uso di un network analyzer
ā€¢ evoluzione in frequenza con QUCS
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
11
Modifiche
meccaniche
delle farfalle
e
dellā€™ottupolo
12
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Soluzione: cambio di approccio
Approccio digitale possibile soluzione al problema del trasporto
Vantaggi:
ā‘PossibilitĆ  di variare la frequenza
ā‘PossibilitĆ  di variare la forma dā€™onda
ā‘PiĆ¹ versatile
ā‘PuĆ² avere altre applicazioni:
ā–Ŗ Lenti elettrostatiche
ā–Ŗ Analizzatori elettronici
ā–Ŗ Filtri di energia per particelle cariche
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
13
Obiettivo
š‘£š‘œš‘¢š‘” š‘” = š‘£1 š‘” + š‘£2 š‘”
š‘£1 š‘” = š“ āˆ— š‘ š‘’š‘› 2Ļ€š‘“š‘” + š‘£š‘œš‘“š‘“
š‘£1 š‘” = š“ āˆ— sen 2Ļ€š‘“š‘” āˆ’
Ļ€
2
+ š‘£š‘œš‘“š‘“
š“ = 55š‘‰
š‘“ = 2 š‘€š»š‘§
š‘£š‘œš‘“š‘“ = 30š‘‰
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
14
Singolo ingresso del segnale RF
PROCESSO DI
REALIZZAZIONE
TRADUZIONE DELLE SPECIFICHE
RICERCA DEI COMPONENTI
RICERCA DELLA TOPOLOGIA
SIMULAZIONI DELLA TOPOLOGIA
REALIZZAZIONE DEL PROTOTIPO
VALIDAZIONE DEL PROTOTIPO
CONSIDERAZIONI SUI RISULTATI E CORREZIONE DEL
PROTOTIPO
15
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Traduzione delle specifiche
ā€¢ Voltage: 110 V
ā€¢ Gain Bandwidth Product: 20 Mš»š‘§
ā€¢ Supply Voltage: 300V
ā€¢ Slew Rate: 700 Ī¤
š‘‰ š‘¢š‘ 
ā€¢ Capacitive Load: 200 š‘š¹
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
16
Ricerca dei componenti
Stadio di preamplificazione
THS4631
Stadio di potenza
ā‘ PA84
ā‘ PA94
ā‘ PA98
17
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Slew rate insufficiente
GiĆ  in magazzino
Ricerca della topologia
18
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Simulazione stadio
di preamplificazione
ā€¢ Amplificazione e
sfasamento entro le
specifiche
ā€¢ Attenzione alla saturazione
dellā€™amplificatore
19
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Simulazione
stadio di potenza
ā€¢ Amplificazione, sfasamento
ed offset entro le specifiche
ā€¢ Con un carico superiore ai
300 š‘š¹ manifesta
distorsione
20
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Simulazione
risposta in
frequenza
ā€¢ Banda di entrambi gli stadi
entro le specifiche
ā€¢ Amplificazione corretta
ā€¢ Presenza di una
sovraelongazione ma ĆØ
facile da compensare via
software
21
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Prototipo THS4631
22
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Prototipo PA98
23
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Realizzazione dei PCB
THS4631 PA98
24
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Validazione dei
prototipi
ā€¢ Test con lā€™oscilloscopio
ā€¢ Test con il network analyzer
ā€¢ Test in camera sperimentale
25
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
THS4631
Risposta in linea con le simulazioni
QualitĆ  mantenuta fino alla soglia di
saturazione
G = 10
f = 2 MHz
Limite per considerare la risposta
piatta e in controfase: 10 Mš»š‘§
Oltre le specifiche
26
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
PA98
ā€¢ Risposta entro le specifiche
ā€¢ G = 10
ā€¢ f = 2 MHz
ā€¢ Ricostruito il segnale
ā€¢ PuĆ² arrivare oltre i 100 V
27
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Test in camera
sperimentale
ā€¢ Mantenuto lo sfasamento
ā€¢ Elevata distorsione
ā€¢ Fenomeni parassiti aumentano la
capacitĆ  equivalente vista dal
PA98
ā€¢ Si arriva oltre ai 400 š‘š¹, carico
troppo elevato per il PA98
28
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Sviluppi
futuri
Cambiare il
componente
(PA107)
Usare i
discreti
29
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Grazie per lā€™attenzione
30
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
Bibliografia (1)
ā€¢ [1] L. Sbuelz, A. Baraldi, D. De Angelis ā€œCaratterizzazione di una sorgente di cluster
atomici selezionati in massaā€, UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2017-2018.
ā€¢ [2] D. De Angelis, L. Lancieri, A. Baraldi ā€œGraphene-based interfaces as tuneable support
for metal oxide nanoparticlesā€, UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2017-2018.
ā€¢ [3] D. Curcio, L. Lancieri, A. Baraldi ā€œGrowth and Properties of Graphene-Based Materialsā€,
UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2016-2017.
ā€¢ [4] R. Furlani, S. Carrato, D.Molaro ā€œSviluppo di un sensore di corrente con tecnologia flux-
gate transformer con interfaccia digitaleā€, UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2011-2012.
ā€¢ [5] A. Kartouzian, M. ThƤmer, T. Soini, J. Peter, P. Pitschi, S. Gilb, U. Heiz ā€œCavity ring-
down spectrometer for measuring the optical response of supported sizeselected clusters
and surface defects in ultrahigh vacuumā€ Journal of Applied Physics 104, 124313 (2008).
ā€¢ [6] D. Gerlich ā€œInhomogeneous RF fields: a versatile tool for the study of processes with
slow ionsā€, UniversitƤt Freiburg.
ā€¢ [7] L. Liu, A. Corma, ā€œMetal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Single Atoms to
Nanoclusters and Nanoparticlesā€ Chem. Rev. 118, 4981-5079 (2018)
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
31
Bibliografia (2)
ā€¢ [8] E. C. Tyo, S. Vajda, ā€œCatalysis by clusters with precise numbers of atomsā€
Nat. Nanotech. 10, 577-588 (2015)
ā€¢ [9] J. Bansmann et al. ā€œMagnetic and structural properties of isolated and
assembled clustersā€ Surf. Sci. Rep. 56, 189-275 (2005)
ā€¢ [10] Z. Luo, A.W. Castleman Jr. And S.N. Khanna ā€œReactivity of Metal Clustersā€
Chem. Rev. 116(23), 14456-14492 (2016)
ā€¢ [12] Datasheet THS4631:
https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ths4631.pdf?ts=1632898725499&ref_url=https
%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F
ā€¢ [13] Datashhet PA84: https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa84u.pdf
ā€¢ [14] Datasheet PA94: https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa94u.pdf
ā€¢ [15] Datasheet PA98: https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa98u.pdf
ā€¢ [16] Datasheet PA107:
https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa107u.pdf
Lunedi
4
ottobre
2021
32

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Presentazione tesi

  • 1. PROGETTO E SVILUPPO DELLO STADIO DI AMPLIFICAZIONE DI UN GENERATORE DI ONDE ARBITRARIE AD ALTA TENSIONE E PRIMI TEST SU UNA SORGENTE DI NANOCLUSTER ATOMICI LAUREANDO: Davide RAIMONDI RELATORE: Chiar.mo Prof. Sergio CARRATO CORRELATORI: Dott. Giuseppe CAUTERO, Sig. Dario GIURESSI UNIVERSITƀ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Elettronica e Informatica A.A. 2020/2021 1 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 2. Cosa sono i nanocluster? Agglomerati di atomi dello stesso elemento Hanno proprietĆ  che dipendono dalle loro dimensioni Sono importanti per: ā‘Studio della materia ā‘Creazione di nuovi materiali ā‘Miglioramento efficienza dei processi produttivi Cluster metallici positivi 2 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 3. Descrizione della macchina La sorgente di cluster ĆØ divisa in 4 stadi 1. Generazione 2. Trasporto 3. Selezione 4. Deposizione Lettura corrente sul campione come feedback 3 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 4. Fase di generazione Laser incidente su un bersaglio mobile Formazione di plasma Valvola piezoelettrica Getto di elio Camera di termalizzazione Espansione supersonica 4 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 5. Fase di trasporto ƈ costituita da: ā€¢ Lenti elettrostatiche ā€¢ Ottupolo ā€¢ Circuito di adattamento Ha il compito di guidare e focalizzare il fascio 5 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 6. Fase di selezione Bender elettrostatico ā€¢ Fa la selezione in base al segno ā€¢ Procedono solo i cluster positivi QMS (Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer) ā€¢ Fa la selezione in base alle dimensioni ā€¢ Procedono solo i cluster delle dimensioni volute 6 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 7. Fase di deposizione Aggiunto un secondo ottupolo e lenti elettrostatiche di trasporto per il collegamento meccanico Defocalizzazione del fascio Soft landing Deposizione sul campione Lettura di corrente Misure XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 7
  • 8. CriticitĆ  della fase di trasporto Numero di parametri da controllare Circuito di adattamento: ā‘Limite in frequenza ā‘Limite delle forme dā€™onda ā‘Disadattamento e riflessione Fenomeni parassiti allā€™interno della macchina Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 8 RADIO CIRCUITO DI ADATTAMENTO OTTUPOLO
  • 9. Caratterizzazione dellā€™ottupolo Ricerca del modello equivalente Analisi in frequenza Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 9
  • 10. Modello equivalente Misure realizzate con FLUKE PM6304 ā€¢ š¶š· = 78 š‘š¹ ā€¢ š¶š‘ƒ = 73 š‘š¹ ā€¢ š¶š‘ = 87 š‘š¹ ā€¢ š¶š‘‡š‘‚š‘‡ ā‰ˆ 100 š‘š¹ Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 10
  • 11. Analisi in frequenza ā€¢ šœ† = Ī¤ š‘ š‘“ = ąµ— 3āˆ—108 2āˆ— 106 = 150š‘š ā€¢ uso di un network analyzer ā€¢ evoluzione in frequenza con QUCS Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 11
  • 13. Soluzione: cambio di approccio Approccio digitale possibile soluzione al problema del trasporto Vantaggi: ā‘PossibilitĆ  di variare la frequenza ā‘PossibilitĆ  di variare la forma dā€™onda ā‘PiĆ¹ versatile ā‘PuĆ² avere altre applicazioni: ā–Ŗ Lenti elettrostatiche ā–Ŗ Analizzatori elettronici ā–Ŗ Filtri di energia per particelle cariche Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 13
  • 14. Obiettivo š‘£š‘œš‘¢š‘” š‘” = š‘£1 š‘” + š‘£2 š‘” š‘£1 š‘” = š“ āˆ— š‘ š‘’š‘› 2Ļ€š‘“š‘” + š‘£š‘œš‘“š‘“ š‘£1 š‘” = š“ āˆ— sen 2Ļ€š‘“š‘” āˆ’ Ļ€ 2 + š‘£š‘œš‘“š‘“ š“ = 55š‘‰ š‘“ = 2 š‘€š»š‘§ š‘£š‘œš‘“š‘“ = 30š‘‰ Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 14 Singolo ingresso del segnale RF
  • 15. PROCESSO DI REALIZZAZIONE TRADUZIONE DELLE SPECIFICHE RICERCA DEI COMPONENTI RICERCA DELLA TOPOLOGIA SIMULAZIONI DELLA TOPOLOGIA REALIZZAZIONE DEL PROTOTIPO VALIDAZIONE DEL PROTOTIPO CONSIDERAZIONI SUI RISULTATI E CORREZIONE DEL PROTOTIPO 15 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 16. Traduzione delle specifiche ā€¢ Voltage: 110 V ā€¢ Gain Bandwidth Product: 20 Mš»š‘§ ā€¢ Supply Voltage: 300V ā€¢ Slew Rate: 700 Ī¤ š‘‰ š‘¢š‘  ā€¢ Capacitive Load: 200 š‘š¹ Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 16
  • 17. Ricerca dei componenti Stadio di preamplificazione THS4631 Stadio di potenza ā‘ PA84 ā‘ PA94 ā‘ PA98 17 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 Slew rate insufficiente GiĆ  in magazzino
  • 19. Simulazione stadio di preamplificazione ā€¢ Amplificazione e sfasamento entro le specifiche ā€¢ Attenzione alla saturazione dellā€™amplificatore 19 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 20. Simulazione stadio di potenza ā€¢ Amplificazione, sfasamento ed offset entro le specifiche ā€¢ Con un carico superiore ai 300 š‘š¹ manifesta distorsione 20 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 21. Simulazione risposta in frequenza ā€¢ Banda di entrambi gli stadi entro le specifiche ā€¢ Amplificazione corretta ā€¢ Presenza di una sovraelongazione ma ĆØ facile da compensare via software 21 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 24. Realizzazione dei PCB THS4631 PA98 24 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 25. Validazione dei prototipi ā€¢ Test con lā€™oscilloscopio ā€¢ Test con il network analyzer ā€¢ Test in camera sperimentale 25 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 26. THS4631 Risposta in linea con le simulazioni QualitĆ  mantenuta fino alla soglia di saturazione G = 10 f = 2 MHz Limite per considerare la risposta piatta e in controfase: 10 Mš»š‘§ Oltre le specifiche 26 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 27. PA98 ā€¢ Risposta entro le specifiche ā€¢ G = 10 ā€¢ f = 2 MHz ā€¢ Ricostruito il segnale ā€¢ PuĆ² arrivare oltre i 100 V 27 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 28. Test in camera sperimentale ā€¢ Mantenuto lo sfasamento ā€¢ Elevata distorsione ā€¢ Fenomeni parassiti aumentano la capacitĆ  equivalente vista dal PA98 ā€¢ Si arriva oltre ai 400 š‘š¹, carico troppo elevato per il PA98 28 Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021
  • 31. Bibliografia (1) ā€¢ [1] L. Sbuelz, A. Baraldi, D. De Angelis ā€œCaratterizzazione di una sorgente di cluster atomici selezionati in massaā€, UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2017-2018. ā€¢ [2] D. De Angelis, L. Lancieri, A. Baraldi ā€œGraphene-based interfaces as tuneable support for metal oxide nanoparticlesā€, UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2017-2018. ā€¢ [3] D. Curcio, L. Lancieri, A. Baraldi ā€œGrowth and Properties of Graphene-Based Materialsā€, UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2016-2017. ā€¢ [4] R. Furlani, S. Carrato, D.Molaro ā€œSviluppo di un sensore di corrente con tecnologia flux- gate transformer con interfaccia digitaleā€, UniversitĆ  degli Studi di Trieste, A.A. 2011-2012. ā€¢ [5] A. Kartouzian, M. ThƤmer, T. Soini, J. Peter, P. Pitschi, S. Gilb, U. Heiz ā€œCavity ring- down spectrometer for measuring the optical response of supported sizeselected clusters and surface defects in ultrahigh vacuumā€ Journal of Applied Physics 104, 124313 (2008). ā€¢ [6] D. Gerlich ā€œInhomogeneous RF fields: a versatile tool for the study of processes with slow ionsā€, UniversitƤt Freiburg. ā€¢ [7] L. Liu, A. Corma, ā€œMetal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Single Atoms to Nanoclusters and Nanoparticlesā€ Chem. Rev. 118, 4981-5079 (2018) Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 31
  • 32. Bibliografia (2) ā€¢ [8] E. C. Tyo, S. Vajda, ā€œCatalysis by clusters with precise numbers of atomsā€ Nat. Nanotech. 10, 577-588 (2015) ā€¢ [9] J. Bansmann et al. ā€œMagnetic and structural properties of isolated and assembled clustersā€ Surf. Sci. Rep. 56, 189-275 (2005) ā€¢ [10] Z. Luo, A.W. Castleman Jr. And S.N. Khanna ā€œReactivity of Metal Clustersā€ Chem. Rev. 116(23), 14456-14492 (2016) ā€¢ [12] Datasheet THS4631: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ths4631.pdf?ts=1632898725499&ref_url=https %253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F ā€¢ [13] Datashhet PA84: https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa84u.pdf ā€¢ [14] Datasheet PA94: https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa94u.pdf ā€¢ [15] Datasheet PA98: https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa98u.pdf ā€¢ [16] Datasheet PA107: https://www.apexanalog.com/resources/products/pa107u.pdf Lunedi 4 ottobre 2021 32