DENTAL MATERIALS IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

1. NAVODAYA DENTAL COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS
STAFF NAME – Dr K M PARVEEN REDDY
Associate Professor
TOPIC NAME –Dental materials in pediatric dentistry

2. DENTAL MATERIALS:
• Bases and Liners
• Cavity varnishes
• Dentin-bonding agents
• Restorative materials
• Sealants
• Cements

3. BASES AND LINERS:
• Bases and Liners Used in pediatric dentistry to
prevent sensitivity to teeth PULPAL
PROTECTION
• Calcium Hydroxide
• Zinc Oxide- Eugenol
• Zinc Phosphate
• Glass Ionomer Cements

4. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE:
• Can be either a two paste system or a visible
light-cured system
• It’s alkaline pH aids in preventing bacterial
invasion
• Often used in direct pulp caps

5. ZINC OXIDE EUGENOL
• Provides a “sedative effect”
• Often used when confronted with multiple areas
of excessive decay and sensitivity
• Used as a temporary cementation of crown
• Used to fill obliterated pulp chambers following
a pulpotomy

6. ZINC PHOSPHATE
• Good to use over calcium hydroxide and under
large amalgams as a base
• Used primarily to cement stainless steel crowns

7. CAVITY VARNISH:
• Copalite- Made from natural gums in an organic
solvent
• Used with vital teeth in cavity prep prior to
placement of amalgams
• NOT used with composites

8. DENTIN BONDING AGENTS:
• Relies on a phosphate- calcium bond for
retention
• Promotes infiltration of monomers into a zone of
demineralized dentin that polymerize and
interlock with the dentin matrix
• Every product has their own unique system with
different variations

9. RESTORATIVE MATERIALS IN PEDIATRIC
DENTISTRY:
DIRECT
Silver amalgam
GIC
Composites
Compomers
Resin modified GIC
INDIRECT
Porcelain
Gold
Ceramic resin hybrids
All Ceramic
All Metal

10. OBTURATING MATERIALS IN PEDIATRIC
DENTISTRY:
• Zinc oxide eugenol
• Calcium hydroxide
• Iodoform paste
• KRI Paste
• Vitapex
• Maisto’s paste
• Endoflas
• Colla cote
• Franks paste

11. SILVER AMALGAM
• Used for more than 150 years.
• Dental amalgam is produced by mixing liquid mercury
with solid particles of an alloy of silver, tin, copper, and
sometimes zinc, palladium, indium and selenium.
• This combination of solid metals is known as amalgam
alloy.

12. CLASSIFICATION:
• Based on copper content:
i. High copper – copper content >12%
ii. Low copper – copper content < 6%
• Based on Zinc Content:
i. Zinc containing alloy with > 0.01% zinc
ii. Zinc free alloy with <0.01% zinc
• Based on particle shape and type:
i. Lathe-cut
ii. spherical

13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
 Compressive strength:
- High copper: >250Mpa at 1 hour
- Lathe cut alloy: less (45 Mpa)
 Transverse strength:
 These values are sometimes referred as modulus of
rupture.
 Because amalgams are brittle materials, they can
withstand little deformation during transverse strength
testing.

14. Elastic modulus:
11 to 20 GPa
High copper alloys more stiffer
Creep:
Creep magnitude directly proportional to degree of
marginal deterioration.
Low copper (6.3%)
High copper (0.05% - 0.09%)
Corrosion:
Progressive destruction of metal by chemical or
electrochemical reaction with its environment.
Average depth of corrosion: 100 – 500 pm.

15. INDICATIONS
- Moderate to large restorations
- Posterior teeth
- Restoration having heavy occlusal
contacts
- Abutment teeth for RPD
- Temporary or caries control
restorations
CONTRAINDICATIONS
- Esthetically prominent
areas of posterior teeth
- Small to moderate class I
and II restorations that can
be well isolated
- Small class VI restoration

16. MERCURY TOXICITY:
• Excess mercury in water – MINAMATA DISEASE (first
seen in fishermen)
• Major disadvantage of amalgam restoration -
AMALGAM TATTOO.
• It may also cause discoloration of tooth and some
mercury may also reach pulp.

17. GLASS IOMOMER CEMENT:
• 1969 – First developed by AD Wilson & BE Kent

18. CLASSIFICATION:
TYPE I: LUTING TYPE II: RESTORATIVE TYPE III: FAST
SETTING LINING
TYPE IV: FISSURE
SEALANTS
TYPE V:
ORTHODONTIC
CEMENTS
TYPE VI: CORE BUILD UP
TYPE VII:COMMAND SET TYPE VIII:GIC FOR
ART
TYPE IX:
GERIATRIC AND
PEDIATRIC

19. PROPERTIES:
• Low solubility
• Coefficient of thermal expansion similar to
dentin
• Fluoride release and fluoride recharge
• Chemical bonding
• Low flexural and shear strength
• Biocompatible
• Rough surface texture
• Lacks translucency

20. PROPERTY GIC
Compressive strength (Mpa) Up to 200
Tensile Strength (Mpa) 15
Modulus of elasticity (Mpa) 20,000
Coefficient of thermal expansion 10.2 – 11.4
Thermal diffusivity (square mm/sec) 0.198

21. COMPOSITION OF GIC:
POWDER
- Alumina
- Silica
- Calcium fluoride
- Aluminium phosphate
- Cryolite
- Fluoride
- Other ions
LIQUID
- Polyacid(Acrylic,
maleic, itaconic)
- Water
- Comonomer: D-
Tartaric
- Poly vinyl phosphoric
acid (recently added)

22. • Powder/liquid ratio:
- Luting 1.5 : 1
- Restoration 3:1

23. SETTING REACTION:
• 3 Stages:
1. Dissolution
2. Gelation
3. Precipitation & Hardening

24. INDICATIONS
- Tooth – Colored Filling Materials
- Abrasion & Erosion Lesions
- Class III involving exposed dentin
- Occlusal lesions on deciduous teeth
- Temporary ant. and post. Restoration
- Repair of crown margins
- Cement base under composite and
ceramics
- Cavity base and liners
- Orthodontic bands and brackets
CONTRAINDICATIONS
-High stress application
- Class II and IV restoration
- Cusp replacement
- Core build ups with less
than 3 sound walls
remaining

25. ADVANTAGES
- Bonds to enamel and
dentin
- Significant fluoride
release, can be recharged
- Tooth colored
- Low thermal
conductivity
DISADVANTAGES
- Opacity higher than
resin
- Less polishability than
resin
- Poor wear resistance
- Brittle, poor tensile
strength
- Poor longevity in
xerostomic patients