The pace of urbanization throughout the world – and especially in the developing world – is challenging development donors and thinkers to find new solutions to tackling urban poverty, and urban slum issues. Devex recently hosted an online discussion with some of the top thinkers and policymakers standing at the crossroads where urbanization and development meet.

1. www.devex.com
with Charles North, Steve Feldstein and Dan Hoornweg

2. Steve Feldstein
Director, Office of
Policy USAID
www.devex.com
Charles North
Senior Deputy Assistant Administrator
USAID
Daniel Hoornweg
Professor, UOIT
Chief Safety and
Risk Officer,
Province of Ontario
Michael Igoe
Global Development
Reporter
Devex
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12. 1.
Support good governance and effective management systems
2.
Encourage innovative and cost-effective service delivery
3.
Support increases in investments in service delivery
4.
Help countries and communities apply pro-poor service delivery
models
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13. A cross-cutting vision of urban services to
achieve larger USAID goals
Stresses country-led, financially sustainable
service delivery
Leverages USAID’s expertise in G.I.S. and
partnerships with local and state governments
Responds to rapid urban growth and extreme
poverty in cities
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18. Next Steps
Toward Implementation
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19. Indian residents of collects drinking water from a tanker supplied by the municipal water works in Bolkapur Colony of Hyderabad.
AFP PHOTO/Noah SEELAM water 000_Del284891
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20. A technician adjusts an Internet router placed on a mast close to a set of papyrus-shaped columns, part of the Ancient Egyptian Luxor Temple
complex erected by Ramses II, 1280 BC, on the east bank of the Nile River in the city. CRIS BOURONCLE / AFP 000_Nic194348
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21. People walk up and down the Via Apia, the main street of the Rocinha shantytown, Brazil's largest favela ANTONIO SCORZA /
AFP 000_Mvd6120235
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22. An Indian farmer works on a sunflower field at the University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS) campus, in Bangalore on November
9, 2010.. AFP PHOTO/Dibyangshu SARKAR 000_Del424570
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23. Sustainable Cities
December 2013
Dan Hoornweg
Professor and Jeffrey Boyce Research Chair, UOIT
Chief Safety and Risk Officer, Province of Ontario

24. Cities Count – Now More Than Ever

25. Urban settlements are home to more than
50% of the world’s population
2 billion new urban residents by 2030, 3 billion by 2050
UN World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision

26. Slum populations are increasing
THE WORLD BANK

27. Cities are adding 3,000,000 residents each week
Shenzen 30 years ago
Shenzen today

28. Cities are drivers of economic growth
WDR2009

29. Source: SEED Magazine

30. Enormous Impact of Cities – Good and Bad
Population
(Millions)
GHG Emissions
(M tCO2e)
GDP
(billion $ PPP)
1. China: 1,192
1. USA: 7,107
1. 100 Largest Cities: 14,928
2. India: 916
2. 100 Largest Cities: 4,263
2. USA: 14,202
3. 100 Largest Cities: 691.48
3. China: 4,058
3. C40 Cities: 8,781
4. C40 Cities: 393
4. C40 Cities: 2,364
4. China: 7,903
5. USA: 301
5. Russian Federation: 2,193
5. Japan: 4,354
6. Indonesia: 190
6. Japan: 1,374
6. Top 10 GHG Cities: 4,313
7. Brazil: 159
7. Top 10 GHG Cities: 1,367
7. India: 3,388
8. Russian Federation: 142
8. India: 1,214
8. Germany: 2,925
9. Top 10 GHG Cities: 136
9. Germany: 956
9. Russian Federation: 2,288
10. Japan: 128
10. Canada: 747
10. United Kingdom: 2,176

31. Cities now in a league of their own
THE WORLD BANK

32. Urbanization and Megacities
1970
1
19
30
2
6
1,331,783,000
3,494,607,000
# Number of megacities in each region
Total global urban population
6
6,398,291,000

33. Emerging Global Challenges for Cities

34. Growing urban challenges







Global financial crisis; slower growth, unemployment
Climate change; uncertainty, urban vulnerability
Energy security and price; volatility, efficiency
Food and water security
Decreasing densities – unsustainable growth
Rate of growth; global geopolitical uncertainty
Risk identification and communication
Mumbai, India

35. GHG emissions per capita (tCO2e/yr)
16
$12,275
High Income
The Climate Change Challenge
Tehran
BEIJING
Hanoi
Chengdu
Xian
Shenyang
Bandung
Alexandria
8
WASHINGTON, DC
Guangzhou
DALLAS
HOUSTON
Phoenix
13.7
Johannesburg
LOS ANGELES
CHICAGOBOSTON
MIAMI
TORONTO
Milan
PHILADELPHIA
BANGKOK
Montreal NEW YORK
Ankara
ATHENS
SAN FRANCISCO
LONDON
Berlin
Algiers Moscow
SHANGHAI
TIANJIN
Atlanta
SYDNEY
Detroit
Melbourne
St. Petersburg Kong
Hong
SINGAPORE
Pusan
CAPE TOWN
MADRID
Osaka
Istanbul
Jeddah
Riyadh
Monterrey
Caracas
Medellin
Pune
4
Cairo
CHONGQING
B.Horizonte
Fortaleza
Bogota
Jakarta
Hydearabad
Bangalore
Ho Chi Minh
Khartoum Recife
Lahore
Lima
Chennai
Mumbai
Lagos
Kinshasa
1
1500
Santiago
Salvador
2
Guadalajara
SEOUL
BUENOS AIRES
Brasilia
P.Alegre
TOKYO
PARIS
BARCELONA
MEXICO CITY
450 ppm
by 2050
RIO DE JANEIRO
Karachi
DELHI
SAO PAULO
AHMADABAD
CALCUTTA
3000
6000
550 ppm
by 2050
12000
GDP per capita ($)
24000
48000

36. GHG Emissions are Unequally Distributed Within and Across Countries
WDR2010

37. Urban Form Determines a City’s Energy Efficiency
Urban form and density
significantly impact energy
consumption.
Source: Adopted from Kick the Habit: A UN Guide to Climate Neutrality

38. the built-up area of Atlanta and Barcelona
Barcelona
Atlanta
2.5 mil people (1990)
4,280 km2 (built-up area)
2.8 mil people (1990)
162 km2 (built-up area)

39. Urban design will impact the low-carbon futures of sustainable cities

40. City lay-out
matters:
Superblocks
increase
congestion
and
increase
walking
distances
New York
Beijing

41. Environmental Policies Also Matter
25
 Carbon dioxide emissions per capita 1967 to 2010
US
Carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons/capita)
20
15
Canada
United Kingdom
South Africa
10
Japan
France
Sweden
5
China
Mexico
Korea, Rep.
Brazil
India
0
15
25
Nigeria
Bubble size corresponds to total carbon dioxide emissions (kilotons)
35
45
55
Urban population (% of total)
65
75
Source: World Development Indicators
85
95

42. Marginal Abatement Cost Curves
Source: McKinsey 2009.

44. A New Urban Agenda
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

45. Delhi streetscape
De

46. Need for New Urban Metrics
• Infrastructure Rating
Tool
• Gross metropolitan
product
• Urban GHG
emissions
• Material flows
(metabolism of
cities)
• Urban Risk
Assessment
• Global City Indicator
Facility
• Energy mix
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48. Amman, Jordan
Urban Metabolism
Total Radiation
1,012 ktCO2e
Landfill Waste
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
20.4 MJ/m2
669 kt
Organic Waste
Paper, Cardboard, Textiles
197 kt
Plastics, Glass, Metal
10,256 ktCO2e
294 kt
136 kt
Carbon Dioxide
2,906 ktCO2e
Commercial,
Institutional &
Residential
Manufacturing &
Industry
Cropland
Wastewater
Road
Transport
983 ktCO2e
Aviation & Marine
T&D Losses
Consumption
3,766 ktCO2e
770 GWh
92 ktCO2e
520 ktCO2e
1,008 ktCO2e
61 ktCO2e
1,029 ktCO2e
Nitrous Oxide
42 kt
Other Materials
9,136 ktCO2e
Methane
180 MCM/a
Water Supply
5,500 GWh
73 MCM/a
Electricity
Generation
6,270 GWh
34 GWh
Renewables
2,744 GWh
Fuel Oil
19 GWh
Diesel Oil
3,472 GWh
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
2,143 TJ
Fuel Oil
LPG
12,998 TJ
1,910 TJ
Kerosene
1,640 TJ
Diesel Oil
Gasoline
26,236 TJ
20,187 TJ
Jet Kerosene
12,709 TJ
Marine Fuel
Oil
668 TJ
Fossil Fuels
Source: L. Sugar 2011.

49. The Global Response to Climate Change Will Succeed—Or Fail—In Cities

50. Rapid Growth is Difficult to Manage—But it Must be Planned For (at home and abroad)

51. A New Urban Agenda
 Build ‘Sustainable Cities’ – Emergence of Cities
 More attention on Urban Form (and Management)
 City metrics matter – need a systems approach
 Energy and Cities
 Better buildings
 Transportation
 Electricity generation
 Smarter Financing and Policies
 Leaders needed
 New Partnerships (Outcome-Based Collaboration)
 New and improved Engineering
 Work with other professions
 Linking Sectors (Technology) and Regions

52. www.devex.com
WITH Charles North, Steve Feldstein and Dan Hoornweg