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ATTITUDES
, SELF-
COCEPT,
VALUES,
AND
ETHICS
Diano E. Pesidas
ATTITUDE letters A to Z, attitude
before beauty
 Attitude is the strong belief or feelings toward
people, things and situation.
 People interpret our attitude by our behavior
 Mathematics
 Post Graduate Studies/Doctoral Studies
 Coworkers
 Job
 Supervisor/principal/manager
 Yourself
How we acquire attitudes?
 Attitudes are developed primarily through
experiences.
 Before entering a new situation, people often
ask others with experience about it. This
begins the development of attitudes before
the encounter.
MANAGEMENT ATTTITUDES
 Douglas McGregor classified attitudes, which
he called assumptions, as THEORY X and
THEORY Y.
Self-Assessment Activity
“My Management Attitude”
Meaning:
the lower the score, the stronger the Theory X
attitude, the higher the score, the stronger the
Theory Y.
 a score of 31 to 40 = Theory Y attitude.
 score of 20 to 30 = balanced between two
theories.
 A score of 10 to 19 = Theory X attitude.
 THEORY X ATTITUDES – hold that
employees dislike work and must be closely
supervised to get them to do their work.
 THEORY Y ATTITUDES – hold that
employees like to work and do not need to be
closely supervised to get them to do their
work.
How Management’s Attitudes
Affect Employee’s Performance.
 Manager’s attitudes and the way they treat
employees affect employees’ job behavior
and performance. If managers have a positive
attitude and expect employees to be highly
productive, they will often be highly
productive.
Pygmalion Effect
 States that supervisors’ attitudes and
expectations of employees and the way they
treat them largely determine their
performance.
Self-Assessment Activity
“My Job Attitude”
Interpretations:
 We can think of our job attitude as being the continuum
from positive to negative. Place an X below at the point
that represents your score.
 Negative attitude 10---20---30---40---50 Positive Attitude
Generally, the higher your score, the more
positive is your job attitude.
Hawthorne’s theory
 The special attention and treatment given the
workers by the management resulted in
increased performance.
 In general, through the positive expectations of others,
people increase their level of performance. Hence,
stereotyping made by the managers greatly affects
employees performance.
CHANGING ATTITUDES
 Attitudes are not quick judgments we change
easily but we can change our attitudes.
 The environment around us influences our
attitudes. Usually we cannot control our
environment, but we can control and change
our attitudes.
The following hints can help you change your
attitudes:
 1. Be aware of your attitudes.
 2. Realize that there are few, if any, benefits
of harboring negative attitudes.
 3. Keep an open mind.
 In the 19th century, researchers discovered
that changing the inner attitudes of your mind
can change outer aspects of your life. You can
gain control of your attitudes and change the
direction of your life. Start today. Think and
act like a winner, and you will become one.
JOB SATISFACTION
Job Satisfaction is a set of attitudes
toward work.
Six Determinants of Job
Satisfaction
 The Work Itself.
 Pay
 Growth and Upward Mobility
 Supervision
 Coworkers
 Attitude toward work
SELF-CONCEPT
 Self-Concept is your overall attitude about
yourself. Self-concept is also called Self-
Esteem and Self-Image.
 If your beliefs and feelings about yourself are
positive, you tend to have a high self-concept.
Having a positive self-concept form part your
Emotional Intelligence.
Self-Assessing Questions:
 Do you like yourself?
 Are you a valuable person?
 Are you satisfied with the way you live your
life?
Self-Efficacy
 Self-Efficacy is your belief in your capability in
a specific situation. It affects your effort,
persistence, interest and the difficulty of goals
you select.
 Example: If your major is business, your self-
efficacy maybe high for a management course
but low for a biology and language course that
you maybe required to take.
Building a Positive Self-Concept
 The following are general guidelines you can
implement in your daily life to improve your
self-concept:
 View mistakes as learning experience
 Accept failure and bounce back
 Control negative behavior and thoughts
 Use any religious or spiritual beliefs you can
have that can help you develop a more
positive self-concept
 A person’s values are the things that have
worth for or important to the individual.
VALUE SYSTEM – is the set of standard by which
the individual lives
- values concern what “should be”; they
influence the choices we make among things.
Example: if you have three job offers, you will
select the job that is of the highest value for you.
 Do you think your values and your attitudes
are interrelated?
 Values help shape your attitude. When
something is of value to you, you tend to have
a positive attitudes towards it. And if
something is of value to you, you tend to have
negative attitudes toward it.
Self-Assessment Activity
“My Personal Values”
 Interpretation :
- the higher the total in any area, the higher the
value you place in that area. The closer the
numbers are in all areas, the more well-
rounded you.
Spiritually in the Workplace
 Spirituality in the workplace is about people
seeing their work as a spiritual path, as an
opportunity to grow personally and to
contribute to society in a meaningful way.
 Learning to be more caring and
compassionate with fellow employees, with
bosses, with subordinates, and with the
customers.
Guidelines for Leading from a
Spiritual Perspective
1. Know thyself.
2. Act with authenticity.
3. Respect and honor the beliefs of others.
4. Be as trusting as you can be.
5. Maintain a spiritual practice
ETHICS
 Ethics is the standard of right and wrong
behavior.
Moral Development
 Refers to the understanding right from wrong
and choosing to do the right thing.
Three Levels of Personal Moral
Development
 Pre-conventional Level
- self-interest and the consequences of our
action
 Conventional Level
-acceptable behaviors to others or in a group
 Post-conventional Level
- Universal principal of right and wrong
Ethical Issues In Workplace
Some Ethical Issues Of Employees
 Making long phone calls at the company’s
cost.
 Taking home the company’s assets
 Taking excessive leaves beyond the allowed
number is a breach of ethical code.
 Working for multiple organizations.
 Offensive communications
Ethical Issues Of Employers
Favoritism.
Sexual harassment
Terminating an employee
without any notice.
How Do People Justify Unethical
Behavior
 Moral Justification- is the process of reinterpreting
immoral behavior in terms of higher purpose.
 - Usually manifested when a person is challenged with
a Moral Dilemma.
Example of Moral Dilemma:
 You are an inmate in a concentration camp. A
sadistic guard is about to hang your son who
tried to escape and wants you to pull the chair
from underneath him. He says that if you don’t
he will not only kill your son but some other
innocent inmate as well. You don’t have any
doubt that he means what he says. What
should you do?

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Attitudes self-concept-values-and-ethics

  • 2. ATTITUDE letters A to Z, attitude before beauty  Attitude is the strong belief or feelings toward people, things and situation.  People interpret our attitude by our behavior
  • 3.  Mathematics  Post Graduate Studies/Doctoral Studies  Coworkers  Job  Supervisor/principal/manager  Yourself
  • 4. How we acquire attitudes?  Attitudes are developed primarily through experiences.  Before entering a new situation, people often ask others with experience about it. This begins the development of attitudes before the encounter.
  • 5. MANAGEMENT ATTTITUDES  Douglas McGregor classified attitudes, which he called assumptions, as THEORY X and THEORY Y.
  • 7. Meaning: the lower the score, the stronger the Theory X attitude, the higher the score, the stronger the Theory Y.  a score of 31 to 40 = Theory Y attitude.  score of 20 to 30 = balanced between two theories.  A score of 10 to 19 = Theory X attitude.
  • 8.  THEORY X ATTITUDES – hold that employees dislike work and must be closely supervised to get them to do their work.  THEORY Y ATTITUDES – hold that employees like to work and do not need to be closely supervised to get them to do their work.
  • 9. How Management’s Attitudes Affect Employee’s Performance.  Manager’s attitudes and the way they treat employees affect employees’ job behavior and performance. If managers have a positive attitude and expect employees to be highly productive, they will often be highly productive.
  • 10. Pygmalion Effect  States that supervisors’ attitudes and expectations of employees and the way they treat them largely determine their performance.
  • 12. Interpretations:  We can think of our job attitude as being the continuum from positive to negative. Place an X below at the point that represents your score.  Negative attitude 10---20---30---40---50 Positive Attitude Generally, the higher your score, the more positive is your job attitude.
  • 13. Hawthorne’s theory  The special attention and treatment given the workers by the management resulted in increased performance.  In general, through the positive expectations of others, people increase their level of performance. Hence, stereotyping made by the managers greatly affects employees performance.
  • 14. CHANGING ATTITUDES  Attitudes are not quick judgments we change easily but we can change our attitudes.
  • 15.  The environment around us influences our attitudes. Usually we cannot control our environment, but we can control and change our attitudes. The following hints can help you change your attitudes:  1. Be aware of your attitudes.  2. Realize that there are few, if any, benefits of harboring negative attitudes.  3. Keep an open mind.
  • 16.  In the 19th century, researchers discovered that changing the inner attitudes of your mind can change outer aspects of your life. You can gain control of your attitudes and change the direction of your life. Start today. Think and act like a winner, and you will become one.
  • 17. JOB SATISFACTION Job Satisfaction is a set of attitudes toward work.
  • 18. Six Determinants of Job Satisfaction  The Work Itself.  Pay  Growth and Upward Mobility  Supervision  Coworkers  Attitude toward work
  • 19. SELF-CONCEPT  Self-Concept is your overall attitude about yourself. Self-concept is also called Self- Esteem and Self-Image.  If your beliefs and feelings about yourself are positive, you tend to have a high self-concept. Having a positive self-concept form part your Emotional Intelligence.
  • 20. Self-Assessing Questions:  Do you like yourself?  Are you a valuable person?  Are you satisfied with the way you live your life?
  • 21. Self-Efficacy  Self-Efficacy is your belief in your capability in a specific situation. It affects your effort, persistence, interest and the difficulty of goals you select.
  • 22.  Example: If your major is business, your self- efficacy maybe high for a management course but low for a biology and language course that you maybe required to take.
  • 23. Building a Positive Self-Concept  The following are general guidelines you can implement in your daily life to improve your self-concept:  View mistakes as learning experience  Accept failure and bounce back  Control negative behavior and thoughts  Use any religious or spiritual beliefs you can have that can help you develop a more positive self-concept
  • 24.  A person’s values are the things that have worth for or important to the individual. VALUE SYSTEM – is the set of standard by which the individual lives - values concern what “should be”; they influence the choices we make among things. Example: if you have three job offers, you will select the job that is of the highest value for you.
  • 25.  Do you think your values and your attitudes are interrelated?
  • 26.  Values help shape your attitude. When something is of value to you, you tend to have a positive attitudes towards it. And if something is of value to you, you tend to have negative attitudes toward it.
  • 28.  Interpretation : - the higher the total in any area, the higher the value you place in that area. The closer the numbers are in all areas, the more well- rounded you.
  • 29. Spiritually in the Workplace  Spirituality in the workplace is about people seeing their work as a spiritual path, as an opportunity to grow personally and to contribute to society in a meaningful way.  Learning to be more caring and compassionate with fellow employees, with bosses, with subordinates, and with the customers.
  • 30. Guidelines for Leading from a Spiritual Perspective 1. Know thyself. 2. Act with authenticity. 3. Respect and honor the beliefs of others. 4. Be as trusting as you can be. 5. Maintain a spiritual practice
  • 31. ETHICS  Ethics is the standard of right and wrong behavior.
  • 32. Moral Development  Refers to the understanding right from wrong and choosing to do the right thing.
  • 33. Three Levels of Personal Moral Development  Pre-conventional Level - self-interest and the consequences of our action  Conventional Level -acceptable behaviors to others or in a group  Post-conventional Level - Universal principal of right and wrong
  • 34. Ethical Issues In Workplace Some Ethical Issues Of Employees  Making long phone calls at the company’s cost.  Taking home the company’s assets  Taking excessive leaves beyond the allowed number is a breach of ethical code.  Working for multiple organizations.  Offensive communications
  • 35. Ethical Issues Of Employers Favoritism. Sexual harassment Terminating an employee without any notice.
  • 36. How Do People Justify Unethical Behavior  Moral Justification- is the process of reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of higher purpose.  - Usually manifested when a person is challenged with a Moral Dilemma.
  • 37. Example of Moral Dilemma:  You are an inmate in a concentration camp. A sadistic guard is about to hang your son who tried to escape and wants you to pull the chair from underneath him. He says that if you don’t he will not only kill your son but some other innocent inmate as well. You don’t have any doubt that he means what he says. What should you do?