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Digital VAT/GST and Other Indirect Tax Administration for B2C Taxpayers

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Digital VAT/GST and Other Indirect Tax Administration for B2C Taxpayers

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Digital VAT/GST and Other Indirect Tax Administration for B2C Taxpayers
Increase Tax Revenue Collection from Retail and Boost Consumer Demand for Valid Receipts
info@taxtech.digital www.taxtech.digital


Table of Content
Online management of electronic cash registers for tax administrations helps boost consumer demand for valid receipts and increases retail tax collection
Foreword: technology approach in fighting tax evasion and fraud in retail
Risks mitigation and increased tax revenue collection
OECR implementation roadmap
Retail industry in the global economy and the role of cash in tax evasion
Online Electronic Cash Registers (OECR) concept and key capabilities
Case study: DTT helped to increase national retail VAT collection by 37%
Traditional approach is not sufficient to combat tax evasion in retail
Public control over receipts handling
Exhibits

Foreword
Technology Approach In Fighting Tax Evasion And Fraud
Many tax administrations around the world face specific forms of tax evasion: understated revenues using unaccounted cash (mostly present in cash-based transactions in B2C) and inflating deductions through fake invoices (mostly in B2B).
Tax evasion and fraud can be facilitated by the habits of the traditional cash economy and by the growth of sharing (or online) economy.
In the past, identifying underreported revenue and overstatement of tax deductions has been difficult for tax administrations, requiring a lot of time and manual effort. This is changing. Many fiscal authorities are now implementing technology solutions to detect taxpayers’ misconduct.
Two separate approaches are usually used to solve these problems at the country level:
1. Revenue underreporting
Implementation of an Online Electronic Cash Register management solution for retail tax administration in near real-time as detailed later in this presentation.
All POS transactions are reported “as soon as possible” to the central tax administrations and consumers are motivated to demand valid receipts from retailers to perform public control.
2. Overstatement of tax deductions
Implementation of eVAT/e-Invoices management solution via mandatory reporting of all issued invoices/pro forma invoices and their cross-validation by central tax administrations.

About Us
Digital Tax Technologies (DTT) is an international expert in tax gap minimization, a trusted digital transformation advisor & solution provider for national tax administrations.
We help tax administrations around the world to reduce the tax gap, improve tax revenue collection and reduce the share of the shadow economy.
Our mission is to increase global fiscal transparency, improve tax compliance and administration, and ensure fair competition and welfare.
Our team consists of experts with experience in digital tax administration advisory and implementation in various European, CIS, Middle East, and African countries.

info@taxtech.digital https://taxtech.digital


Digital VAT/GST and Other Indirect Tax Administration for B2C Taxpayers
Increase Tax Revenue Collection from Retail and Boost Consumer Demand for Valid Receipts
info@taxtech.digital www.taxtech.digital


Table of Content
Online management of electronic cash registers for tax administrations helps boost consumer demand for valid receipts and increases retail tax collection
Foreword: technology approach in fighting tax evasion and fraud in retail
Risks mitigation and increased tax revenue collection
OECR implementation roadmap
Retail industry in the global economy and the role of cash in tax evasion
Online Electronic Cash Registers (OECR) concept and key capabilities
Case study: DTT helped to increase national retail VAT collection by 37%
Traditional approach is not sufficient to combat tax evasion in retail
Public control over receipts handling
Exhibits

Foreword
Technology Approach In Fighting Tax Evasion And Fraud
Many tax administrations around the world face specific forms of tax evasion: understated revenues using unaccounted cash (mostly present in cash-based transactions in B2C) and inflating deductions through fake invoices (mostly in B2B).
Tax evasion and fraud can be facilitated by the habits of the traditional cash economy and by the growth of sharing (or online) economy.
In the past, identifying underreported revenue and overstatement of tax deductions has been difficult for tax administrations, requiring a lot of time and manual effort. This is changing. Many fiscal authorities are now implementing technology solutions to detect taxpayers’ misconduct.
Two separate approaches are usually used to solve these problems at the country level:
1. Revenue underreporting
Implementation of an Online Electronic Cash Register management solution for retail tax administration in near real-time as detailed later in this presentation.
All POS transactions are reported “as soon as possible” to the central tax administrations and consumers are motivated to demand valid receipts from retailers to perform public control.
2. Overstatement of tax deductions
Implementation of eVAT/e-Invoices management solution via mandatory reporting of all issued invoices/pro forma invoices and their cross-validation by central tax administrations.

About Us
Digital Tax Technologies (DTT) is an international expert in tax gap minimization, a trusted digital transformation advisor & solution provider for national tax administrations.
We help tax administrations around the world to reduce the tax gap, improve tax revenue collection and reduce the share of the shadow economy.
Our mission is to increase global fiscal transparency, improve tax compliance and administration, and ensure fair competition and welfare.
Our team consists of experts with experience in digital tax administration advisory and implementation in various European, CIS, Middle East, and African countries.

info@taxtech.digital https://taxtech.digital

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  1. 1. Trusted Global Tax Gap Advisor & Digital Solution Provider for Tax Administrations Digital VAT/GST and Other Indirect Tax Administration for B2C Taxpayers Increase Tax Revenue Collection from Retail and Boost Consumer Demand for Valid Receipts info@taxtech.digital www.taxtech.digital G100
  2. 2. Table of Content Online management of electronic cash registers for tax administrations helps boost consumer demand for valid receipts and increases retail tax collection 2 Foreword: technology approach in fighting tax evasion and fraud in retail Retail industry in the global economy and the role of cash in tax evasion Traditional approach is not sufficient to combat tax evasion in retail Risks mitigation and increased tax revenue collection Online Electronic Cash Registers (OECR) concept and key capabilities Public control over receipts handling OECR implementation roadmap Case study: DTT helped to increase national retail VAT collection by 37% Exhibits
  3. 3. Foreword Technology Approach In Fighting Tax Evasion And Fraud Many tax administrations around the world face specific forms of tax evasion: understated revenues using unaccounted cash (mostly present in cash-based transactions in B2C) and inflating deductions through fake invoices (mostly in B2B). Tax evasion and fraud can be facilitated by the habits of the traditional cash economy and by the growth of sharing (or online) economy. In the past, identifying underreported revenue and overstatement of tax deductions has been difficult for tax administrations, requiring a lot of time and manual effort. This is changing. Many fiscal authorities are now implementing technology solutions to detect taxpayers’ misconduct. Two separate approaches are usually used to solve these problems at the country level: 1. Revenue underreporting Implementation of an Online Electronic Cash Register management solution for retail tax administration in near real-time as detailed later in this presentation. All POS transactions are reported “as soon as possible” to the central tax administrations and consumers are motivated to demand valid receipts from retailers to perform public control. 2. Overstatement of tax deductions Implementation of eVAT/e-Invoices management solution via mandatory reporting of all issued invoices/pro forma invoices and their cross-validation by central tax administrations. 3
  4. 4. Transition To Online Electronic Cash Registers (OECRs) Improves Fiscal Transparency and Tax Compliance in Retail (B2C) 4 The success of modern tax administrations is increasingly becoming dependent on access to data flows, including in real-time. One of the most important data flows for tax compliance purposes is information on retail income. It is also one of the most important economic indicators, characterizing consumer confidence and the health of the economy. Cash registers provide a key source of original retail data for tax administrations and auditors. Several Tax Administrations already started testing new solutions enabling online access to retail sales data generated by online electronic cash registers equipped with secure fiscal data units and transmitting data in real time to the tax systems. Following successful pilots, legislation should be introduced mandating the use of online cash registers in all retail businesses across countries through a phased implementation process. In essence, online cash registers create a secure “internet of things” network providing Tax Administrations with a continuous real-time flow of nationwide data critical for assessing tax compliance and important statistics on economic performance and retail prices. The introduction of the new online cash register system improves fiscal transparency and raises tax compliance significantly. It is also facilitating the creation of a level playing field for fair competition among retail businesses and retail solution developers as well as contributing to the protection of consumers’ rights, reducing compliance burdens, and providing new opportunities for businesses.
  5. 5. *) Sources: WTO estimates for trade, consensus estimates for GDP. 2018 5 Retail Industry in The Global Economy: A Large Share of Taxpayers and a Small Share of Taxes Paid The retail industry is characterized by: Significant percentage of global GDP and one of the key contributors to GDP’s growth Substantial share of all businesses by the number of employees The major share of micro and small businesses and a large share of self- employed Minor share in taxes and duties paid The ratio of world merchandise trade volume growth to world real GDP growth, 1981-2017 (Annual percentage change and ratio)*
  6. 6. Cash Remains the Most Widely Used Payment Instrument in The World on All Continents 6 North America Cash is used in over half of transactions under $25, and more than 60% under $10 South America CiC* has risen by an average 62% Only 45% of people have a bank account and even fewer have credit cards Europe 79% of POS** transactions were in cash CiC increased by almost 40% Middle East Cash on delivery is the most used payment method for e-commerce transactions in many countries Africa The value of withdrawals and the number of ATMs is rising across all African countries CiC rose almost 40% across reported countries Asia In many countries over 75% of online purchases are paid for by cash on delivery CiC rose more than 45% in all countries Oceania CiC rose year-on-year by 6% in Australia and 7% in New Zealand, on average @G4S World Cash Report 2018 *CiC: Currency in Circulation **POS: Point of Sale Figures represent the period from 2011-2016
  7. 7. Cash is a Fuel For Shadow Economy and The Source of Many Risks for Governments, Retailers and Consumers *) Risk of Handling Paper Currency in Circulation Chances of Potential Bacterial Transmittance, Janardan Lamichhane, Satish Adhikary, Prson Gautam, Rajani Maharjan and Bishal Dhakal Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 10 (2009) 161-166 7 Business Government Rising costs of cash handling, processing, and physical security Black markets use cash to increase illegal goods circulation, which leads to manufacturers and tax collection revenues decline The use of cash is not transparent to government bodies. One of the main sources of funding for corruption and extremism Cash is driving a shadow economy with the aim of avoiding tax and customs payments Fiscal administration challenges: A huge number of POS and ECRs to control Owner’s motivation to understate revenue and overstate deductions Tax base erosion Decrease in the collection and losses of taxes and excise duty revenues Consumers Cash can be counterfeited Fairly easy to be lost or stolen Currency notes might act as vehicles for the transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms*
  8. 8. Traditional Approach to the Retail Tax Administration: Manual, Lengthy, Prone to Errors, and Expensive Process 8 Long delays in tax reporting due to the lack of online data and human resources in the tax administrations Very timely, expensive and error-prone as requiring a lot of human and other resources MANUAL CHRONOMETRIC SURVEYS OF CASH PROCESSING AT POS Increased complexity and costs for both, tax administrations and taxpayers Taxpayers are forced to bring cash registers to tax administrations for the manual inspection ANNUAL MANUAL ADMINISTRATION OF MILLIONS OF OFFLINE CASH REGISTERS Long time to substantially decrease the circulation of cash with the traditional tax administration approach ATTEMPTS TO INCREASE SHARE OF NON-CASH PAYMENTS The use of cash has been on the rise globally before the pandemic and non-cash payments still have a minor share in many countries
  9. 9. By the mandatory transfer of all digital receipts from all cash registers to the tax administrations Advantages for the Tax Administrations Tax Administrations Can Increase Revenue Collection from Retail Without Overhauling the Core Tax Processes 9 Online Electronic Cash Register (OECR) Management System for retail tax administration: Uses online cash registers for fiscal data collection, recording, and transmission to tax administrations and consumers in real-time Supports optional Fiscal Data Operator (FDO) model as an intermediary for faster time to value Provides integration with the Government’s Tax Administration Information System(s) ECR equipment should support real-time and deferred receipts transfer to the tax administrations & consumers and robust fiscal data protection to avoid data tampering and fraud Public control: encouraging the consumers to demand receipts and check their validity via mobile applications in return for cashback, discounts, tax refunds, and other incentives Online administration of retail taxes with automated monitoring of violations, fraud detection and response, data analytics, and reporting in near real-time Growth in tax and excise revenue collection. Lowering the financial, operational, and lawbreaking risks for the government. Decreased costs of tax administration Online monitoring of all cash registers, retail prices, goods availability, and retail compliance with the government regulation OECR combination with digital track & trace solution for some product categories will force illegal products out of circulation with an additional increase of tax and excises collection Responsible citizens are motivated to establish a public control for receipts to help authorities combat illegal transactions and goods circulation in retail
  10. 10. Online Electronic Cash Registers Solution Benefits 10 For Retailers Versatility and compatibility with various types of cash registers from smartphones to specialized devices Ease of installation and integration with POS systems Lowering cost of tax compliance, new opportunities to improve consumer loyalty For Tax Authorities Improved retail tax revenue collection Big data, analytics, ML, and AI for standard & ad-hoc reporting and fraud detection Direct feedback from citizens, new opportunity to introduce new digital services For Citizens Additional source of monetization via cashback and discounts in exchange for scanned receipts Collection of electronic receipts helps to analyze cash and digital personal expenses
  11. 11. Electronic Online Cash Registers Implementation in Retail Can Increase Tax Collection up to 150% 11 Hard copy or digital fiscal receipt with QR code OECR Retailer Consumer Tax Administration (TA) Digital fiscal receipt and other data for TA Receipt scanning mobile app = IF 1. OECR prints/sends a fiscal receipt to the consumer (either hard or digital copy) and the Tax Administration (digital copy in near real-time) 2. Consumer has the incentive to send his copy of the receipt to the Tax Administration for verification 3. The tax administration receives transaction data from both the merchant and consumer and can verify a match Optional Fiscal Data Operator (OFD) OECR sends unaltered fiscal data to tax authorities in real-time or near real-time for automatic tax base and tax payable calculations The OECR Concept 1 2 3 How it Works
  12. 12. Online Electronic Cash Registers Provide Near Real Time (NRT) Fiscal Data to Tax Administration and Consumers 12 OECR with the optional Fiscal Printer Fiscal storage Fiscal Data Data Consumer Payment (cash, cards etc.) Paper receipt Data (Real Time) Data Digital receipt to registered consumers Digital receipt by consumer’s demand Mobile app POS Verifies receipts in the TA system in return for bonuses, cashback, tax incentives, etc. 3rd party loyalty service providers Tax incentives Fiscal Data Operator (FDO, optional) Data (NRT) with offline mode Data Data Data Tax Administration Tax administration and fiscal control
  13. 13. Online Electronic Cash Register Simplified Data Model * The need for an intermediary for data transfer depends on the parameters of the project, the number of cash desks, checks, etc. 13 Consumer Fiscal Data Operator (FDO) * Tax Administration Retailer: OECR owner Point of Sales (POS) TIN Address / URL Online electronic cash register (OECR) OECR registration number Payment Receipt Fiscal data & documents Fiscal data format (FDF) Fiscal module (FM) FM serial number Data example: OECR registration report Registration update report Shift opening report Receipt (sale, return) Adjustments Shift closing report Fiscal module closing report Acknowledgement of successful data transmission to TA
  14. 14. Fiscal Data Flow 14 Retailer Consumer Fiscal Data Operator (FDO) (optional) Tax Administration Payment Hard copy or digital fiscal receipt Data Digital receipt Confirmation Receipt validation and complaints requests Responses with verification results and digital receipts on demand Demands fiscal receipt from retailer and files complaints to the tax administration if omitted Automatic tax administration and control Processes the fiscal data from retailer Registers and runs online ECRs OECR
  15. 15. OECRs for e-Commerce and Shared Economy 15 Consumer Payment (cash, cards etc.) Data Data Fiscal Data Operator (FDO, optional) Data Data Digital receipt to known consumers Digital receipt by consumer’s demand Mobile app Internet Shop / Marketplace Cloud OECR supports only issuing of digital receipts Fiscal data storage Fiscal Data Data Checks in receipts in return for bonuses, cashback, tax incentives, etc. 3rd party loyalty service providers Tax incentives Cloud ECR Provider’s Data Center Data Data Tax Administration Tax administration and fiscal control Including cross-border online trade
  16. 16. Modern OECRs and Additional Services for Retailers 16 MORE THAN JUST CASH REGISTERS A wide variety of OECR form factors are available. From smartphones and tablets with additional card readers for SMEs to professional retail equipment for top retail chains They support complete retail management solutions with point-of-sale automation, inventory, loyalty, reporting, gift cards, customer profiles, purchase orders, eCommerce, etc. Online Electronic Cash Register as a Service (OECRaaS) is also available from the 3rd party cloud providers to support online retailers and cross-border trade
  17. 17. Online ECR Solution Key Capabilities 17 Modern architecture and design Automatic firmware updates Extensible functionality Cloud and on-premises setup App store to offer 3rd party solutions Automatic data transfer to the tax administration QR code is printed on receipts for scanning by consumer’s mobile application to support public control Works with electronic & paper receipts A digital version of every receipt is transferred to the Fiscal Data Operator / Tax Administration Ensures that data are unchanged and protects the data during the transfer Supports real-time and deferred data transfer modes Provides customer receipts itemization. Supports catalog of retail goods Compatible with tax administration and retail revenue control systems Builds consumer confidence and trust Works on wide range of smartphones, tablets, PCs, Smart POS devices and supports fiscal printers Easy registration/withdrawal of the POS system at the Tax Administration online portal
  18. 18. Inevitability of control Public Demand and Control are Important in Influencing Retailers to Hand Out Valid Receipts 18 Automatic alerts to Tax Administration Consumer demands a receipt from the retailer in exchange for incentives Tax Administration confirms validity of scanned receipt 3rd party loyalty services providers interchange receipt and consumer data with with banks, brands and retailers Cashback, discounts, tax refunds and other incentives Open API Consumer scans receipt and sends it to the TA for validation The retailer did not hand out a receipt or The receipt has not been validated by the tax application Every consumer could be a public controller Retailers can’t conspire with all consumers in attempts to evade receipts and to forge public control’s results Retailers can’t avoid The power of the crowd Automatic workflows to launch tax administration processes Historical data, reporting, AI Less paperwork. Improved retail tax revenue collection My Receipts If required by legislation, each receipt generated by online cash registers has a Quick Response (QR) code that enables customers to verify the transaction by comparing it to the information maintained by the tax administration
  19. 19. Consumer Tax Administration (TA) 3rd party loyalty service providers Brands, Retailers, Banks Downloads official tax mobile app to scan paper receipts Develop free receipt scanning and public control app for consumers Develop loyalty program apps with access to receipt database Pay for access to the user base of the 3rd party loyalty providers or build their own Asks and receives a receipt at POS Ask consumers to scan receipts via mobile app and send it to TA or FDO for verification Encourage consumer to scan receipts via loyalty app instead of tax app Provide cashback, discounts and other incentives to consumers in exchange for loyalty and transactions Scans QR code from the paper receipt Verifies paper receipt’s scan sent by consumers Encourage consumer to create a user profile if he wants to get cashback and discounts Requests digital receipts from e-commerce provider Provides open API for the 3rd party developers to access receipt database Sell ads to brands, retailers, banks… Files a complaint if the receipt has not been handed out by the retailer The Ecosystem to Grow Public Demand and Control for Receipt Validation 19 My Receipts Tax mobile app
  20. 20. Customer Journey Map for Retail Customer (Consumer) 20 The Person Retail Consumer The goal: To Get the Best Shopping Experience & Deals Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Actions Downloads official tax mobile app or loyalty app to register receipts and collect incentives Pays for goods or services Gets the paper or electronic receipt from the retailer Wants to save receipts for future analysis, collect cashback, discounts, tax deduct… Opens app and scans QR code on the paper receipt If doubt that the receipt is valid or it is missing, files a complaint via the app Gets an official response Collects cashback, discounts, promos, tax deductions, participates in promo & lotteries via the app Wants to withdraw cashback to the banking card Contact points Tax Administration web site Loyalty app web site App store, Google Play… Point of sales at retail store Message from internet retailer with e-receipt Tax mobile app Loyalty program app or website Tax mobile app Loyalty program app or website Tax mobile app Loyalty program app or website Tax mobile app Loyalty program app or website Feelings, thoughts Depends on the customer experience on the websites Depends on the customer experience with the retailer in shop and checkout Depends on the customer experience with the app Depends on the customer experience with the app and the number of apps to use Depends on the customer experience with the app and the number of apps to use Depends on the customer experience with the app and the limitations of withdrawing My Receipt s
  21. 21. Public Control Implementation 21 Public awards for being an active citizen Tax refunds Bonuses for the spendings and loyalty How to motivate consumers to demand valid fiscal receipts? Implementation Tax Administrations may provide tax incentives for product categories to stimulate consumer spending in health, education, sport… Receipt verification is the touchpoint with consumers. Banks, consumer goods manufacturers, and retailers may provide discounts and cashback via verification apps saving on the government’s budget The more activities consumers perform, the more bonuses they will collect, which in turn motivates them to be more active Tax Administration Banks, manufacturers, retailers Government Consumers
  22. 22. Advantages for the Taxpayers 22 Better tax compliance Reduction of compliance burdens Enhanced consumer protection Small retailers can get better data and analytics on turnover and shopping behavior Producers of consumer goods in combination with the Trask & Trace system will be able to reduce counterfeiting and grow revenue and profits Banks simplify scoring and make loans more affordable for small & medium businesses and self- employed Third-party retail service providers may have a new channel to expand their loyal customer base Consumers will have access to cashback, discounts and gifts from manufacturers, retailers, banks, and tax administration
  23. 23. Roadmap for the Implementation of the National OECR Solution (1st Stage) 23 Analysis of local regulations related to the cash registers and tax administration Identification of key stakeholders, their roles and responsibilities Development of a concept for replacing existing cash registers (waves of implementation) Development of system architecture with or without fiscal data operator(s) Determination of which information security standards to use (national and/or international) Development of the business case and OECRs implementation plan 2 months 3 months
  24. 24. Past Present Cash registers Online cash registers Internal accounting Tax-return Manual audit Data transfer in near real-time Automatic accrual and withdrawal of taxes, analytical reporting & fraud detection Tax Big Data What’s Next: Dramatic Simplification and Modernization of the National Tax System: From Offline to Online, Big Data and AI 24 Future Machine learning / AI for predictive tax administration Additional government and 3rd party services for the taxpayers Tax Services Cloud, Digital Ecosystem, and API Economy AI
  25. 25. Exhibits 25
  26. 26. About Us Digital Tax Technologies (DTT) is an international expert in tax gap minimization, a trusted digital transformation advisor & solution provider for national tax administrations. We help tax administrations around the world to reduce the tax gap, improve tax revenue collection and reduce the share of the shadow economy. Our mission is to increase global fiscal transparency, improve tax compliance and administration, and ensure fair competition and welfare. Our team consists of experts with experience in digital tax administration advisory and implementation in various European, CIS, Middle East, and African countries.
  27. 27. Experience and Contacts 27 We are a global team of tax and digital experts working with tax administrations, global tax consultants, and top technology providers on the most important aspects of the digital transformation of national tax systems. Our key areas of expertise are: Digital transformation of tax administrations and transition to the real-time economy for the tax gap reduction Implementation of digital track & trace solutions Implementation of online cash registers Effective taxation of platform sellers and self-employed taxpayers in sharing and gig economies with eVAT / eInvoicing solutions Advanced analytics/Big Data/AI for value-added tax administration Tailor-made and off-the-shelf software product development End-to-end IT solutions design, implementation & support in cooperation with top software & hardware vendors and tax consultants Contact us for more details info@taxtech.digital https://taxtech.digital
  28. 28. 28 Terms and Abbreviations Online Electronic Cash Register — cash register capable of sending fiscal data periodically or in real-time to the tax administration in secured mode Product authentication — validation of products as genuine Product marking — affixing of secure and non- removable identification markings to the products or product packs Tracking — locates products Tracing — determines the origins and destinations of goods DTT — Digital Tax Technology company ECR — electronic cash register FDO — fiscal data operator OECR — online electronic cash register OECRaaS — online electronic cash register as a service (OECR in the cloud) POS — point of sale PiC — products in circulation TA — tax administration T&T — track & trace TTO — track & trace operator TIN — taxpayer identification number
  29. 29. Cash in Circulation by Countries 29 The share of payments using instruments alternative to cash by number and amount of transactions in Sweden reached almost 90%. *) Converted at end-of-year exchange rates. Source: «Bank for International Settlements/Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures / Statistics on payment, clearing, and systems in the CPMI countries // Notes and Coin, bis.org, Report October 2017, Figures for 2016 year. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Australia 65 60 58 55 58 Brazil 92 87 83 58 71 Canada 70 68 65 59 65 Hong Kong SAR 39 44 46 48 54 India 215 210 229 251 196 Japan 1059 903 817 857 915 Korea 51 60 68 74 81 Mexico 65 70 72 72 69 Russia 253 254 157 117 145 Singapore 24 25 26 27 29 Sweden 15 13 11 9 6,9 Switzerland 71 77 72 76 80 Turkey 35 36 37 36 35 England 98 103 103 103 94 United States 1169 1241 1343 1425 1509 Eurozone 1238 1355 1267 1210 1218 Fig.1: Banknotes and coin in circulation, Total value (USD billions, end of the year 2016)* Fig.2: Value as a percentage of GDP (end of the year 2016) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Australia 4,14 4,27 4,39 4,63 4,71 Brazil 3,89 3,83 3,83 3,76 3,70 Canada 3,76 3,75 3,79 4,08 4,17 Hong Kong SAR 14,82 15,91 15,64 15,50 16,86 India 11,86 11,54 11,6 12,25 8,79 Japan 18,43 18,83 19,03 19,45 19,96 Korea 3,94 4,42 5,03 5,54 5,94 Mexico 5,41 5,69 6,16 6,84 7,27 Russia 11,47 11,71 11,17 10,25 10,23 Singapore 8,12 8,37 8,87 9,55 8,23 Sweden 2,6 2,25 2,11 1,73 1,4 Switzerland 10,33 10,77 10,87 11,62 12,32 Turkey 3,93 4,21 4,24 4,49 4,83 England 3,58 3,54 3,58 3,68 3,91 United States 7,24 7,44 7,71 7,86 8,10 Eurozone 9,54 9,89 10,28 10,59 10,73 Average* 8,59 8,59 8,17 8,85 9,03 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Australia 2842 2567 2455 2313 2340 Brazil 460 434 411 282 346 Canada 2015 1944 1847 1647 1787 Hong Kong SAR 5432 6085 6283 6564 7341 India 177 170 181 196 151 Japan 8304 7088 6422 6739 7214 Korea 1012 1194 1350 1460 1584 Mexico 559 597 607 599 565 Russia 1765 1770 1094 800 989 Singapore 4485 4634 4762 4911 5242 Sweden 1547 1378 1109 872 690 Switzerland 8843 9544 8706 9214 9516 Turkey 457 465 481 458 444 England 1533 1602 1588 1583 1429 United States 3723 3925 4215 4400 4671 Eurozone 3678 4017 3749 3570 3579 Average* 1641 1643 1566 1558 1598 Fig.3: Value per inhabitant in (USD, end of the year 2016)*
  30. 30. Cash Usage Lessons Learned * Source: John Bagnall – Reserve Bank of Australia, David Bounie -Telecom ParisTech, Kim P. Huynh – Bank of Canada, Aimeke Kosse – De Nederlandsche Bank, Tobias Schmidt – Deutsche Bundesbank, Scott Schuh – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Helmut Stix – Oesterreichische Nation bank, «Consumer Cash Usage: A Cross-Country Comparison with Payment Diary Survey Data», December 2016 year. 30 Consumers in most countries make only a few payments per day and most of the consumer spending is made on small amounts. Cash usage decreases depending on education and income but varies by age categories. In Austria and Germany, the use of cash is the most intensive compared to other countries (large cash balances and large average withdrawals) The use of cash decreases as the transaction amount increases. In all countries cash is used mainly to pay for half of the small transactions The use of cash depends on the type and place of purchase People trust cash; it’s free to use and readily available for consumers, it’s confidential, it can’t be hacked, and it doesn’t run out of battery power At the same time, the overall level of ownership of payment cards remains quite high. Along with cash, only a small range of payment instruments are used Increased use of cash is associated with lower ability to pay by card at the point of sale
  31. 31. Online Cash Register Management System for Retail Tax Administration: Key Features 31 Online cash registers for secured data transmission from POS to the Tax Administrations • Transfer of every receipt for both cash and cashless retail transactions • Receipt’s itemization – Nomenclature, quantities, prices • Scanning of the bar codes on the packages of the goods and registration of withdrawal of the goods from circulation at check-out • Electronic and paper receipts support • QR code on the receipt for consumer scanning to check it against the online data from TA (public control) • OECR offline mode supported with the deferred data transfer • Simple OECR registration by the Tax Administration • Support of the national data protection security standards and cryptography Fiscal data operator (optional) • FDO acts as a licensed operator who collects data from retailers and sends it to the Tax Administration • Sales and support for OECRs • Registration, connectivity, and monitoring services for OECRs owners • Additional services for retailers and consumers (financial management, accounting, business, fiscal reporting and analytics, etc.) Public control and tax deductions via mobile application • Consumers scan the QR code on the paper receipt and check if it’s legal in TA mobile app • Consumers can file a complaint against the failure to issue a correct receipt and monitor the status • Monetary compensation for receipt submission from loyalty program operators, banks, retailers, and brands • Open API for the 3rd party application developers to implement receipts validations, integrations with loyalty programs, discounts, rewards, etc. Tax Administration Information System • Real-time revenue control • Benchmarking of retailers against the similar businesses • Analysis of the revenue dynamics. Identification of deviations, non-typical situations, and fraud detection • Monitoring and execution of consumers complaints received through the public control • Nationwide retail price monitoring for the goods and services • Ensuring availability/deficits of goods and services in the regions
  32. 32. Solution Modules 32 We provide complete software and hardware solution that supports complete automation of OECR registration, capture and transfer of fiscal data from POS to the tax information system, reporting and analytics. Software interfaces for FM (fiscal module) to support different models of cash registers (fiscal registrars, smart cash registers, autonomous cash registers) Fiscal Data Operator Reception, verification and transmission of fiscal data and documents from OECRs to the Tax Administration Registration and authentication of the taxpayers – OECR owners & OECRs Cash register software for PC, Android and iOS mobile devices Tax Information System Reception, verification and storing of fiscal data and documents Tax officer accounts to perform fiscal data analysis and administration Online Electronic Cash Register Mobile app for receipt scanning and verification by consumers Service for checking issued receipts and public control (complaints) Smart card (hardware & software) or software in the cloud Fiscal Module (FM) Software for creating a fiscal module on smart-cards Fiscal Module Issuer
  33. 33. Directory of Goods 33 Tax Information System Centralized catalog of goods and services … Product Classifier codes GTIN Name Tax rate … Sales analytics Cash Register Point of sale nomenclature Catalog sections … Product GTIN Name Tax rate … AIS FDO … … … … … … … Synchronization Synchronization The solution maintains a unified catalog of goods and services for identifying product items in receipts. The centralized directory provides the basis for deep analytics of fiscal and retail data
  34. 34. Special Tax Regimes 34 Fiscal data format adapts to special tax regimes in different countries General tax regime Simplified tax regime *Other special tax system Value Added Tax (VAT) Sales Tax Support for different tax regimes allows you to apply different tax rates < value > < value > < value > < value > < value > < value > < value > < value > Rate values are edited in the system interface and applied in all components of the solution without additional modifications
  35. 35. Payments and Receipts 35 Sales / Returns Cash / Cards Types of Receipts: Paper receipt Electronic receipt: by email by SMS verifiable in mobile application and website
  36. 36. Fiscal Data Transfer Process 36 Online Electronic Cash Register (OECR) FDO OECR Software Fiscal Module Fiscal Processor Crypto Module Operations Analytics Tax System Mobile App for Consumer Fiscal Processor Crypto Module Operations Analytics My Receipts
  37. 37. Electronic Fiscal Device 37 Capabilities Unique “signature” on each receipt (fiscal mark with hash key) Encryption of fiscal data & documents Supports different types of cash registers and cash register shift duration management Electronic Fiscal Device or Fiscal Memory Device is an electronic device certified by the government and used to record sales data to calculate the tax owed by retailers to a country Benefits Additional level of security for fiscal receipts. A separate and permanent memory that cannot be accessed by anyone other than the revenue administration Authentication of the cash register users Fiscal receipts can not be altered or changed by retailers. Any attempts will be visible to the Tax Administration
  38. 38. Data Protection 38 FMM – fiscal mark on fiscal message FSC – fiscal mark on acknowledgement FMD – fiscal mark on fiscal document Data protection tools use cryptography to safeguard information from unauthorized modifications Online Electronic Cash Register (OECR) Fiscal Module OECR Software Generation FMD and FMM Saving Fiscal Data (FD) Generation FMA Deleting FD Creating FD Sending FD to the FDO Receiving of Acknowledgement Verification of FMA Fiscal Data Operator (FDO) OECR Module Hardware Security Module (HSM) Receiving FD Validation FMD, FMM Recipient Report Sending Acknowledgement Generating FMD, FMM Generating FMA
  39. 39. Smart Card as a Fiscal Memory Device 39 Dual-interface support: contact or contactless (NFC) Cryptographic co-processor Java Card 3.* Available memory up to 344 KB Stores up to 1000 offline receipts Available in a sim and regular card size Can be reused across multiple cash registers
  40. 40. Cloud Electronic Fiscal Device 40 Fiscal memory device available as a cloud service Works 24/7/365 on a subscription basis Provides secure online communication with the cloud by using AES-256 advanced encryption standard Very easy to connect, use and integrate with POS software and workflow Does not require an on-premise fiscal memory device at the POS Cloud Fiscal Memory FDO OECR Software Fiscal Module Fiscal Processor Crypto Module Operations Analytics Tax System Mobile App for Consumer Fiscal Processor Crypto Module Operations Analytics My Receipts 3rd Party OECR SW
  41. 41. Online Electronic Cash Registers (OECRs) Available in Many Forms 41 Web / Mobile / Desktop (PC) Electronic Cash Register with unique Serial Numbers for each instance Data transfer to local or cloud Electronic Fiscal Devices (EFD) Fiscal documents transfer from EFD to Fiscal Data Operator or Tax Administration Offline mode to store electronic versions of fiscal documents in the EFD’s memory/transfer by email Fiscal printers support for handing out fiscal paper receipts with QR codes and fiscal marks
  42. 42. Desktop / Mobile Versions 42 Desktop and mobile versions (cross-platform software) Support Local and Cloud Electronic Fiscal Devices POS workflow automation supports: Device and taxpayer registration Opening & closing register shifts Fiscal registration of receipts with line items, prices, discounts, taxes, refunds, corrections Cash deposits / withdrawals X-report, Z-report Offline mode supported if online connectivity is not available
  43. 43. Web Version 43 Web browser version with mobile support Works with local and cloud Electronic Fiscal Devices Supports POS workflow automation Multi-user support (multitenancy) Ideal for e-commerce including cross- border trade
  44. 44. Mobile Version 44 Android (5.0+) and iOS (11+) Supports local and cloud Electronic Fiscal Devices Supports POS workflow automation Ideal for distributors, delivery, and other field services
  45. 45. Types of Online Electronic Cash Registers 45 Display: 2.7 inches, 6 lines Cash Drawer Connection: No Network connection: Ethernet, Wi-Fi 2,4 GHz Width of receipt tape: 58 mm Print module resource: 50 km (~500 thousand checks) Power supply: from a battery, a power supply Battery Life: 8 hours Smart Cash Register Fiscal Registrar Autonomous Cash Register Display: No Cash Drawer Connection: Yes Network connection: 2G/3G, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi (via add-on module) Width of receipt tape: 80/58 mm Print module resource: 50 km (~500 thousand checks) Power supply: from a power supply Battery Life: No Display: 7 inches, 1024x600 pixels, vertical orientation Cash Drawer Connection: Yes Network connection: Ethernet, Wi-Fi 2,4 GHz Width of receipt tape: 57 mm Print module resource: 50 km (~500 thousand checks) Power supply: from a battery, a power supply Battery Life: 5 hours (provided - 1 receipt in 5 minutes)
  46. 46. Fiscal Data Operator 46 User account management for retailers History of fiscal documents transferring Sales statistics and reporting Electronic receipts (SMS / email) for consumers
  47. 47. Tax Information System 47 Account management for the tax officers History of fiscal documents transferring Detailed fiscal analytics and intelligence to support tax administration, audits, and reviews Aggregation of fiscal data and calculation of tax payments
  48. 48. Tax Information System 48 Country dashboard for tax inspectors and auditors Retails sales and tax revenue by taxpayers, regions, tax regimes, and time periods (year, quarter, day) Retail and fiscal KPIs, reports and analytics
  49. 49. Directory of supported OECR models Directory of taxpayers with risk ratings Automated registration, renewal, and de- registration of taxpayers and OECRs Automatic taxpayer risk score based on: Anomalies in sales dynamics Citizens' complaints Filed and confirmed violations Resolving of violations Handling citizens’ requests and complaints Automated planning and conducting of OECR reviews Tax Information System 49
  50. 50. Mapping taxpayer locations: Name, TIN, address, tax regime Number of registers Sales statistics Fiscal statistics (number of receipts, revenue, VAT…) Tax Information System 50
  51. 51. Scanning of QR or manual data entry for receipt verification in the tax database Receiving and storing electronic receipts Filing a complaint against the seller's refusal to introduce a fiscal receipt Mobile Application for Receipts Validation by Citizens 51
  52. 52. Trusted Global Tax Gap Advisor & Digital Solution Provider for Tax Administrations info@taxtech.digital www.taxtech.digital © 2022 Digital Tax Technologies LLC. All rights reserved. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of DTT LLC as of the date of this presentation. Because DTT LLC must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of DTT LLC, and DTT LLC cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. DTT LLC MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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