Discussion about the vaccines and its types, mechanism of action, side effects, contraindications, nursing consideration and client education.

18. VACCINES, PART 1
DRUG NAME
measles, mumps, rubella (MMR);
varicella zoster (Varivax); herpes zoster
(Shingrix), rotavirus (Rotarix); yellow
fever; smallpox; influenza
hepatitis A (Havrix); inactivated
polio (IPOL); rabies (Imovax);
influenza (Afluria Quadrivalent)
hepatitis B (Engerix-B); HPV;
pneumococcal (Pneumovax 23);
meningococcal (Menactra); varicella-
zoster (Varzig); SARS-CoV-2
CLASS Live attenuated vaccines Inactivated vaccines
Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide,
and conjugated vaccines
MECHANISM
OF ACTION
Trigger a specialized immune response against pathogens, building up immunological memory to fight the infectious
disease if and when exposed to the pathogen in the future
INDICATIONS
•Primary prevention against infectious diseases
•Primary prevention of cervical and anal cancer (HPV vaccine)
ROA
•MMR-V, varicella, yellow fever: SUBQ
•Rotavirus: PO
•Smallpox: ID
•Live influenza: NAS
•IM
SIDE EFFECTS
•Local injection site reactions
•Systemic flu-like symptoms
•Rare, but severe adverse reactions - seizures, high fever, Guillain-Barré syndrome, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis
CONTRA-
INDICATIONS
& CAUTIONS
•Allergic reaction to previous dose of vaccine or any vaccine ingredient
•Moderate or severe active infections (wait until infection is resolved)
•Immunodeficient and pregnant individuals
•Rotavirus: contraindicated in clients with history
of intussusception
•MMR-V: caution in clients with history of
seizures or thrombocytopenia
•None
•HPV: contraindicated during
pregnancy

19. VACCINES, PART 2
DRUG NAME
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP);
tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap);
tetanus, diphtheria (DT)
SARS-CoV-2 (Pfizer-BioNTech,
Moderna)
CLASS Toxoid vaccines mRNA vaccines
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
Trigger a specialized immune response against pathogens, building up immunological
memory to fight the infectious disease if and when exposed to the pathogen in the future
INDICATIONS
•Primary prevention against infectious diseases
•Primary prevention of cervical and anal cancer (HPV vaccine)
ROA •IM
SIDE EFFECTS
•Local injection site reactions
•Systemic flu-like symptoms
•Rare, but severe adverse reactions - seizures, high fever, Guillain-Barré syndrome,
thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis
CONTRA-INDICATIONS
& CAUTIONS
•DTaP, TdaP: contraindicated if signs of
encephalopathy have occurred with a prior dose
of vaccine (e.g., coma, seizures, altered level of
consciousness)
•None

20. VACCINES
ASSESSMENT AND
MONITORING
•Assessment, intervention, and monitoring
Review the child’s immunization record
•Determine vaccine to be administered; cautions or contraindications to receiving the vaccine
•Select the correct needle length and injection site
•Use age-appropriate interventions to reduce pain
•Explain the procedure in age-appropriate language
•Record: month, day, and year of administration; the site of administration; the type of vaccine
given, along with the name of the manufacturer, lot number, and expiration date
•Monitor: observe for at least 15 minutes for severe reaction
CLIENT EDUCATION
•Purpose of vaccine: to help prevent infection and disease
•Review symptoms and complications of each disease
•Include older children in the conversation
•Review common side effects and management
•Review risk of the disease versus risk of side effects
•For rare severe allergic reactions: call emergency services immediately for itchy rash,
swelling of the face or throat, or difficulty breathing
•Listen to concerns, answer their questions, clarify any misconceptions
•Provide vaccine information statement
•Verify informed consent
•Remind them about the next scheduled vaccination