The Skeletal Sytem

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM- Axial Skeleton ,[object Object],[object Object]

OSTEOLOGY The study of all bones in the body, with their associated cartilages and membranes

FUNCTIONS OF BONES AND SKELETON

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

CONSTITUENTS OF BONES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classification of bones according to: ,[object Object],[object Object],1. Microscopic Appearance of Cut Surfaces

2. Developmental Origin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Shapes of Bones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

a. Long bones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

b. Short bones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

c. Flat bones ,[object Object]

d. Irregular bones ,[object Object]

4. Location of Bones ,[object Object],[object Object]

Axial skeleton are bones located at the median plane of the body. While, Appendicular skeleton is located at the lateral plane of the body

I. Axial Skeleton - 80 bones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

II. Appendicular Skeleton - 126 bones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Characteristics of bone in fresh state

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A. Periosteum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

B. Articular Cartilage ,[object Object]

C. Endosteum ,[object Object]

D. Bone Marrow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

E. Nutrient blood vessels (nutrient artery) ,[object Object]

The Axial Skeleton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The cranial vault ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bones of the face ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The facial bones ,[object Object],[object Object]

The facial bones ,[object Object]

The Axial Skeleton Definition of each bone

Bones of the Cranium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Green - frontal bone

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Green - parietal bone

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Yellow - parietal bone Red - lambdoidal suture Green - Occipiltal bone

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Green - frontal bone Yellow- parietal bone Light green- occipital Blue- temporal bone

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Yellow -maxilla

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Black- Zygomatic bone

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Red - Nasal bone

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Aqua blue- Lachrymal bone

[object Object],[object Object],Green - Inferior nasal concha

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Ossicles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Hyoid Bone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Vertebral Column ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classification of Vertebra a. According to the region which they occupy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classification of Vertebra b. According to mobility ,[object Object],[object Object]

VERTEBRA YOUNG ADULT Cervical 7 7 Thoracic 12 12 Lumbar 5 5 Sacral 5 1 Coccygeal 4 1

General Vertebral Features: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Body ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Vertebral Arch ,[object Object],[object Object]

3. Vertebral Foramen ,[object Object]

4. Paired superior and inferior articular processes ,[object Object],[object Object]

6. Transverse Processes ,[object Object]

8. Spine ,[object Object],[object Object]

The Cervical Vertebrae ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Typical Cervical Vertebra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atlas or First Cervical Vertebra ,[object Object],[object Object]

Atlas or Cervical # 1 or C1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atlas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Axis or Epistropheus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C7 or Seventh Cervical Vertebra ,[object Object],[object Object]

Seventh Cervical Vertebra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Typical cervical vertebra/ C5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Typical cervical/ C5 ,[object Object],[object Object]

The Thoracic vertebra ,[object Object],[object Object]

Characteristic Features: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Lumbar Vertebra

[object Object],[object Object],The Sacrum

The Base This is the upper surface of the first sacral vertebra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pelvic Surface ,[object Object],[object Object]

Dorsal Surface ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Lateral Surface ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],The Coccyx

The Coccyx ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Skeletal Sytem

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The Skeletal Sytem