1.
Bangladesh!!!

2.
Growth!
PPP-adjusted income – $1,830.
Up from 2008's $1,450.
Using the math from Chapter 1, we can find the growth
rate for the four years.
($1830/$1450)^(1/4) – 1 = g ≈ 5.99%

3.
Growth!
Bangladesh seems to have received much more
pro-poor growth than Pakistan.
“Farm yields are up dramatically, and the
economic growth rate tops 4%.”

4.
The Multifiber Agreement.

The MFA was designed by developed
countries to place quotas on clothing imports
from developing countries.
~ The USA-Japan-China-Taiwan-Bangladesh
Example
– Richer, poorer, poorer, poorest.
– Japan, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh.

5.
The Generalized System of
Preference (GSP) in the EU

The EU allowed duty and quota free market access for
textile industries in the very poorest countries.

So Bangladesh benefited from the GSP system greatly
as well, being one of the very poorest countries.

76% of the country today lives on under $2 a day, and
that's an improvement since back then. So yeah, it fit the
criteria.

6.
Why Bangladesh lasted when the MFA ended in
2005

"Labor in Bangladesh is cheaper than
anywhere else in the world," says Tipu
Munshi, the head of the Bangladesh Garment
Manufacturers and Exporters Association.

7.

“The supplier of choice for cotton trousers.”

8.
From The Travels of a T-Shirt in
the Global Economy

9.
Global Financial Crisis

10.
http://home.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp220174.pdf

There was an impact felt.

“A deceleration of trade and migration flows.”

“300 thousands jobs could be lost in export-
led sectors.”

“Affected households had started to cope by
reducing the number of meals, diversifying
their income sources.”

“A cut in consumption is more painful for
someone who consumes very little to start
with.”

11.
But,

In a case study from Poor Economics, “The
point is not that construction jobs were not lost
during the crisis … some surely were— but for
most of these young men, the salient fact for
the time being was the opportunity.”

People who were affected by the crisis may
have lost one job, but this just gave them an
opportunity to move to the city, where there
were jobs.

A migrant construction worker was still better
in their eyes than working on the farm.

12.

43.3% of the population lives on under $1.25 a
day.

Incomes of the poorest have been rising.

6% lower than the 2008 stat.

Impressive given that this is the “international
basket case.”

13.
Why'd poverty decrease?
− The green revolution.
− NGOs.
− Women's employment.
− Remittances.

14.
The Multidimensional Poverty
Index

Bangladesh has a score of 0.292.

It's the 73rd
best-off country.

15.
http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/mpi/

16.
Education and Literacy
- The adult literacy rate in Bangladesh is 57.7%.
The rate of growth of literacy is quicker and with
more gender equity compared to Pakistan.
- The female literacy rate is 52.2%.

17.
- 8.8% of GDP per capita was spent on primary
schooling, per student. 27.7% was spent on
tertiary schooling, per student.

Brain drain?

Problems too big?

Shirk responsibility?
- Teachers can tend to be hired for political
reasons, and teacher absence on any given
day is a considerable problem.

18.
52% combined school enrollments.
In the 70's, attending school seemed like a
luxury for the poor.
Today, over 2/3rds of students complete primary
school.

19.
The female to male primary school enrollment
ratio is 1.07 to 1.
Greater parity for male and female literacy
levels, in the future.

20.
NGOs
NGOs have helped significantly towards the
progress of education in Bangladesh.

21.
Gender Equity
Overall gender equity has decreased about 4% from '04
to '012.
Amongst South Asian countries though, Bangladesh is
still above average. Just not on a global scale.
And in gender equity in education, it remains “above
average”, globally.

22.
Gender Equity
Bangladesh has a Male to female ratio of 0.95.
The female to male literacy rate is 85%.

23.
Working Conditions
The working conditions are harsh compared to
Western standards.
Many workers are paid less than the official
minimum wage.

24.
Health
Life expectancy is 68.94.
Child malnutrition went from 2/3rds to under ½,
since 1990.
The green revolution helped bring about better
nutrition in the area.
The under-5 mortality rate is 46 per 1,000.

25.
The Green Revolution.
Advances in food technology led to increased
productivity of crops in Bangladesh.
For rice, this came about through “seed
technology and improved management
practices in fertilizers and irrigation use.”
First a type of rice was made that doubled the
yield of the previous kind,
Then types were made that were pest and
disease resistant,
And then those traits became integrated with
ones against conditions like flood and salinity.

26.
Works Cited
"World Health Statistics 2013." World Health
Organization, 2013. Web. 4 Oct. 2013. <
http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_s
>.
"Poor Nutrition Stunts Growth of Nearly Half of
Under-fives in Bangladesh." The Guardian.
Guardian News and Media Limited, 2013.
Web. 04 Oct. 2013. <
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2
>.