Git commands allow users to manage source code repositories. Some key commands include git init to create a new local repository, git clone to download an existing repository, and git status to check the status. Other useful commands allow viewing commit history and filtering it, adding and committing files, creating and switching branches, merging branches, and pushing/pulling from remote repositories.
1. Git Commands
1. Create a repository from scratch
● To create a new repository: git init
● To download a project to particular folder: git clone <link of the file> <rename with
new name of your choice>
● To determine status of the repository: git status
2. Review repository history
● To displays the commit id(SHA), Author, Date and Commit message: git log
● To scroll the commit history - j(up), k(down) and q(to exit).
● To displays SHA followed by commit message only: git log --oneline
● To views the modified files: git log --stat
● To view the changes in the file changes: git log -p Alternative: git diff
● To view both modified files and file changes: git log -p --stat
● To view file changes of a specific SHAid: git show SHAid
● To view modified files of a specific SHA: git show SHAid --stat
● To view specific commit: git log --stat SHA
● Quick way to check no. of commits and commit messages done by other authors in a
collaborative projects: git shortlog
● Just to check no. of commits done and the authors: git shortlog -s -n
● Filtering out commit history by author name: git log --author=<name of the
collaborator>
● Filtering commits by words: git log --grep=<name of the word(s) to be filtered>
3. Git Add
● To add specific file to the staging index: git add <name of the files followed by
spaces>
● To add all the files to staging index: git add .
● To add all the tracked files: git add -u
4. Git Commit
● To write commit messages in the text editor already configured: git commit
● To add direct commit message without open text editor: git commit -m <Commit message>. To
check out commit message style: https://udacity.github.io/git-styleguide/
● To directly adding of files to the repository: git commit -a. Skips adding of files to the staging
index.
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2. ● To add to the staging index as well as directly commit message without opening text editor: git
commit -a -m <Commit message>
5. Having Git to ignore file
1. Create a file name by following command: touch .gitignore
2. Now open this file in visual studio code: code .gitignore
3. Now write the following code:
DS_Store
Name of the file you want to ignore.extension of the file
or /Directories to be ignored
6. Tagging
● To indicate each version of the file: git tag -a v1.0. Then write the message for the tap once
code editor opens.
● To check version of the tag on terminal: git tag
● To show the current branch and tag version: git log --decorate
● To delete tag version: git tag -d v1.0
● To add tag for a particular commit by including SHAid: git tag -a v1.0 <SHAid>
7. Branching
● To show current branch which is highlighted: git branch
● To create side branch: git branch <name of your choice>
● To switch from master branch to the side branch: git checkout <name of the created
side branch>
● To display current active branch along with SHA ids and commits only: git log --oneline
--decorate
● To delete a particular named branch: git branch -d <name of branch you want to
delete>
● To create a new branch and switch to it: git checkout -b <name of the branch>
● To create a new branch in the same location as that of the master branch and switches to it: git
checkout -b <name of the branch> master
● To displays all the branches present in the folder: git log --oneline --decorate --graph
--all
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3. 8. Merging
● To undo branch merging: git reset --hard HEAD^
● To merge a branch with master branch: git merge <name of branch to merge in>
9. Undoing changes
● To rectify commit at the current branch: git commit --amend
● To undo the changes made previously to the particular commit followed by adding a new
commit: git revert <SHAid>
Github Commands
● To manage remote repositories and establishes connection between local and remote computer:
git remote add origin https://github.com/di37/my-travel-plans.git
● To verify remote repository is added correctly: git remote -v
● To send changes and commits from local repository to the remote repository: git push <name
of remote> <branch name>
● To retrieve all the updates from remote to local repository: git pull <name of remote>
<branch name>
● To retrieve all updates from remote to local repository with affecting the branches in the local
repo: git fetch <name of remote> <branch name>
Tip: whenever cloning somebody else’s work, it is good tip to create a side branch and work on that.
Also before committing, run git diff command to make sure that changes took place.
● To rename remote: git remote rename <previous name i.e. origin etc> <new
name>
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