Wildlife in india_1_

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INDIAN
WILDLIFE

07/05/12 03:51 AM by Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv 1
mba,email:1966patel@gmail.com

INDIAN WILDLIFE
ASIATIC LION
• India is home to a rich diversity of wildlife
supplemented by an equally rich variety of
flora and fauna. The sight and sounds of a
majestic elephant, a peacock’s dance, the
stride of a camel, the roar of a tiger are
unparalleled experiences in themselves.
Watching birds and animals in their natural
habitats is an experience in itself. There are
about 17500 of flowering plants from
India. The Indian Forest Act, 1927
helped to improve protection of the
natural habitat.

The Himalayan Sub-Region
THE HIMALAYAS
• The species in the high Himalayas show strong
affinities with palaeartic region as some of the
animals are found both in the oriental region as well
as palaeartic region indicating the possibility of their
migration from the other side of India. The region
has accordingly been divided into three sub zones
• The forested area (Himalayan foot hills) of the
Himalayas from Assam to the Eastern part of
Kashmir.
• The higher altitude of the western Himalayas from
Kashmir including Ladakh to the hills.
• The Eastern Himalayan sub-region.


The forested AreaINDIAN
of Himalayas
(Himalayan Foothills)
•
RHINOCEROS
The area covers, bhabar, tarai and siwalik ranges in the south.
The area is covered with tropical forests. The dominant species
is sal. The area is characterized by tall grassy meadows with
adjoining river-beds and river rain forests of khair and sisoo.
This is an area of big mammals. The elephant, sambar, swamp
deer, cheetel, hog deer, barking deer, wild boar, tiger, panther,
wild dog, black and sloth bear are found in this area. Hyena,
and jackal are scavengers. The great Indian one horned
rhinoceros, which is considered a rare species is found in
Assam. Other large bovid, wild buffalo shares its habitat with
rhinoceros. Wild buffalo is also an endangered species . The
brow-antlered deer, the dancing deer, which is one of the most
threatened deer in the world is found in Manipur. The Gangetic
gharial exists in the Himalayan tributaries. Bispid hare and
pigmy hog which are on the verge of extinction and golden
07/05/12 03:51are found in Manas National Park in Assam.
langur AM by Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv 4

The high altitude sub-region
•
of Western Himalayas
HANGUL
The animals found in the high altitude region are, wild ass, wild goats, sheep
and yak. The species of wild goat are thar, markhor and ibex. Thar roams in
coniferous forests. Markhor which is considered to be the finest goat is
found above the tree-line. A very agile goat with rich fur, it climbs the tree to
browse its leaves. The Ibex live above the tree-line and below the snowline.
The three species of wild sheep found here are nayan, bharal and oriel.
These sheep feed on the Alpine meadows and grassy mountain slopes. The
antelopes found are chiru and Tibetan gazelle.
• Hangul or Kashmir's stag, shou and musk-deer, are the members of the deer
family is in this zone. These rare deer require special attention for their
protection. The small animals of the Zone are marmot, mouse hare and flying
squirrel. Among mammals of the Zone is snow-leopard, the most beautiful
animal hunted for its attractive skin. Wolf, fox, black and brown bear, palas,
cats are other predators. A large number of pheasants, snow partridges,
snow cocks, golden eagle are the birds of this sub-region.


The Eastern Himalayan Sub
RED Zone
PANDA
• The Eastern Himalayan region differs from the
western region. There is high rainfall and less
snowfall confined to high altitude. The vegetation in
this zone consist of oak, birches, magnolias, pine,
fir, yew, rhododendron dwarf, bamboo and moss and
fem. The typical species of the zone characterized by
Indo-Chinese fauna are red pandas, badgers,
porcupines, ferrests etc. The goats found in this area
are serow goral and takin.
• The National Park falling in this zone is
Khangchandonga, National Park in Sikkim and Neora
Valley and Singlila National Park in West Bengal.

The Tropical Rain Forest Sub-
The Tropical Rain Forest
•
Sub-Region Region
This sub-region comprises Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Western ghats, West Bengal
• and Andaman and Nicobar Islands which receive heavy rainfall.
These areas are covered with evergreen forests. These forests
have three storeyed vegetation. The upper storey consisting of
tall and magnetic trees forms the top canopy receiving most of
the sunlight. Trees of lesser height form the middle storey.
They prefer shade and require less height. The thick, dense
and rich environment is capable of providing food and shelter
to a host of animals of all kinds-the ground dwellers as well as
tree dwellers. In the south Nilgiris, Annamalai, Palani hills and
other south Indian ranges have extensive grass land dotted
with patches of dense evergreen forests. These grasslands are
known as sholas. They provides shelter to elephants, gaur and
other large animals. Himalayan animals such as tahr, pine
marten and European Otter, live here. The Vegetation and
07/05/12 03:51 AM the region show affinity height with high altitude
animals of by Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv 7
forests of Assam.

• The other species found in this region
are Nilgiri langur, Nilgiri brown
GOLDEN
mongoose, stripe-necked mongoose,
lion-tailed macaque, slender toris,
LANGUR
malabar civet and spring mouse. In
north eastern part, hoolock gibbon and
golden langur are found. Binturong,
red-pandas, slow lories are the
characteristics of this part. Giant
squirrel, civets and bats also dwell in
these tropical rain forests.

• The forests of Andaman and Nicobar islands come under the

PYTHON
equatorial belt of tropical rain forests. Due to their separation
from the main land, most of the islands are free from human
settlement. They carry one of the most beautiful forest in the
world. There are about 200 species of trees of which Padauk,
Gurjain, silver-gray etc are prominent. Some of the endemic
species of the islands are wild pig, norcondum, hornbill,
Nicobar-megapode, Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, white
bellied sea eagle, Andaman Cat snake, Nicobar legless snake
etc. There are 16 species of bats and 13 species of rats.
Constituting nearly 3/4th of the total numbers of mammals. The
representative of ungulates, squirrels, carnivores and larger
mammals are absent. Deer species were introduced in the
Island during 1920s. All of them except Sambar have survived
civet was also introduced which has multiplied to dangerous
proportion. The fauna now found are macaque, palm civet,
spotted deer, barking deer, hog deer, dugong etc. The marine
life consist of crocodile, turtle, coconut-crabs, water monitor,
green lizard and 40 species of snakes including cobra, viper,
coral and sea snakes Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv
07/05/12 03:51 AM by
and pythons. 9

• The highest number of tigers are found in
THE MUD-SKIPPER
mangrove forest which are found in
Sunderbans delta formed by the estuaries of
Ganga and the Brahmaputra. The animal
besides tiger are spotted deer, pigs, rhesus,
monkey, lizard, water monitor, crocodile,
crabs and fish . The fish-the mud skipper-can
climbs trees. Weaver ants found here make
their nest in the trees. The tiger here is the
most interesting animal which swims in the
creeks, preys on fish and crabs besides
spotted deer and wild boar. The tigers here
have the propensity of killing human beings.

The Indian Peninsular Sub-
Region
• This sub-region comprises the area from the base of
Himalayas to Kanyakumari but excludes the Malabar
coast. This is the true home of Indian fauna. The
whole sub region can be divided into two broad
zones.
• 1) The desert region of Rajasthan lying on the west
of the Aravali ranges and east of the Indus Valley
also known as Thar, connected with salt flats of
The Indian
Little Rann of Kutch and
• 2) the tropical deciduous wood lands covering
Peninsular Sub-
peninsular India extending to the drainage basin of
the Ganges river system.
07/05/12 03:51 AM Region
by Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv
11

THE desert area of this sub-region consist of
• The DESERT CAT
dry tropical, dry mixed deciduous, thorn
forests, scrub forests and dry Savanna
forests. The desert trees are thorny with
reduced leaf surface Cacti and Succulents
are the plant species in the desert area. The
animals have also developed adaptations to
face the scarcity of water and severity of
high temperature.
• The fauna found in this area are Asiatic wild-
ass, blackbuck, desert cat, Caracal, desert
fox, snakes, lizards and tortoises.

• The peninsular India has a variety of wild
animals such as elephant, muntjak, sambar,
wild boar, guar, chettal, hog deer, swamp
deer or barasingha, nilgai, blackbuck, wild
dog, tiger, leopard, lion, hyena, jackal, jungle
cat, common mongoose, wolf, squirrel, hare
etc. The spotted deer, nilgai, blackbuck, four-
horned antelope (chausingha) and sloth bear
found in the triangular land bounded by the
Vindhyas in the north and the western and
eastern ghats on the other two sides,
constitute the true Indian fauna which are not
NILGAI
found anywhere elsePatel , director ,nrvIndia.
07/05/12 03:51 AM by Dr.Rajesh outside
13

PROTECTED
AREA
NETWORK IN
07/05/12 03:51 AM
INDIA
by Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv 14

WILDLIFE PROTECTION
• The country offers immense opportunities for
wildlife tourism. The immense heritage of
wildlife in India comprises of more than 70
national parks and about 400 wildlife
sanctuaries including the bird sanctuaries.
The Indian government has established 14
Biosphere Reserves of India which protect
larger areas of natural habitat and often
include one or more National Parks and/or
preserves.
ROYAL BENGAL TIGER
07/05/12 03:51 AM by Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv
15

ASIATIC ELEPHANT forthese
• A paradise for the nature lovers,
forest areas are also crucial the
conversation of the endangered species
like the Leopard, Lion, Asiatic Elephant,
the Bengal tiger and Siberian Crane.
Spread across the length and breadth of
India, these reserves and forest areas,
right from the Ranthambore National Park
in Rajasthan to the Hazaribagh Wildlife
Sanctuary in Bihar, from the foothills of
Himalayas, the Jim Corbett National Park
to six national parks in Andaman; the
Indian Wildlife circuit is an Incredible
treat, unmatched by any other experience.

• Indian wildlife has its share of native
birds along with the migratory birds.
Several hundred species of birds can
be spotted across India. The Himalayan
region is well known to be the natural
habitat for the Pheasant, griffon vulture
and ravens.


WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
AND
NATIONAL PARKS


FAMOUS NATIONAL PARKS
IN-
• NORTH INDIA
• EAST INDIA
• WEST INDIA
• CENTRAL INDIA
• SOUTH INDIA

CLICK ON THE REGION YOU WANT TO
EXPLORE….
TO THE END 19

NORTH INDIA
• Keoladeo Ghana or Bharatpur National Par

• Corbett National Park: Uttaranchal

• Ranthambore National Park: Rajasthan

CLICK ON THE NAMES OF THESE
FAMOUS NATIONAL PARKS TO KNOW BACK
MORE ABOUT THEM……..

Keoladeo Ghana National Park
• Keoladeo Ghana National Park, one of the most
spectacular bird sanctuaries in India, nesting
indigenous water- birds as well as migratory water
birds and waterside birds. Sambar, chital, nilgai and
boar also inhabit it. More than 300 species of birds are
found in this small park of 29 sq. km. of which 11 sq.
km. are marshes and the rest scrubland and grassland.
Keoladeo, the name derives from an ancient Hindu
temple, devoted to Lord Shiva, which stands at the
centre of the park. 'Ghana' means dense, referring to
the thick forest, which used to cover the area. While
many of India's parks have been developed from the
hunting preserves of princely India, Keoladeo Ghana is
perhaps the only case where the habitat has been
created by a maharaja. BACK TO NORTH INDIA


Corbett National Park:
Uttaranchal
• It is India's first ever national park. The park was
established in 1936 as the Hailey National Park,
following the advice of the hunter-naturalist Jim
Corbett. The park covered 520 sq.kilometres in 1986,
and a proposed extension of 588 sq. kilometers is
under consideration. Project Tiger, which was set up
with the help of the World Wildlife Fund, was
launched at Dhikala, in the Corbett National Park on
April 1, 1973. This project was aimed at saving the
Indian tiger from extinction. Over 50 mammals, 580
birds and 25 reptile species have been listed in the
Corbett National Park. The insect life is also
astounding, noticeably specially BACK theNORTH INDIA
after TO monsoons.

Ranthambore National Park:
Rajasthan
• Ranthambore National Park is an outstanding
example of Project Tiger's efforts at conservation in
the country. The forests around the Ranthambore
Fort were once, the private hunting grounds of the
Maharajas of Jaipur. The desire to preserve the
game in these forests for sport, was responsible for
their conservation, and subsequent rescue by
Project Tiger. The entry point to the Park, goes
straight to the foot of the fort and the forest rest
house, Jogi Mahal. The latter boasts of the second-
largest banyan tree in India.
As a result of stringent efforts in conservation,
tigers, the prime assets of the Park, have become
more and more active during the day.
BACK TO NORTH INDIA


EAST INDIA
• Sunderban National Park: Calcutta - West B

• Chilika Lake: South West of Puri - Orissa

• Manas National Park: Guwahati - Assam

• Kaziranga National Park: East Of Guwahati

BACK

SUNDERBANS NATIONAL PARK
• Located in the Ganga delta in West Bengal, spanning
the Hooghly in the west and Teulia river in the east,
Sunderbans was declared a National Park in 1984.
The park covers a vast stretch of mangrove swamp,
lush forested islands and small rivers near the Bay
of Bengal. Sunderbans is home to the magnificent
Royal Bengal tiger. Crocodiles and the gangetic
dolphin are to be found aplenty in the Raimgangal
river. The Sajnakhali sanctuary, famous for its rich
avian population, is regarded as a part of the
Sunderbans National Park.

BACK TO EAST INDIA

Chilika Lake: South West of Puri
- Orissa
• Chilika Lake situated southwest of Puri a
distance of 100 km from Bhubaneshwar. It
attracts a large number of migratory birds,
like the flamingo, teal, bar headed goose,
shoveller and white - bellied sea eagle. One
can enjoy boating, fishing with 150 variety of
fishes. Bird lovers can enjoy by visiting here
in winter because migratory populations
wing in from places as far as Siberia. Chilika
is easily accessible from both Bhubaneshwar
and Puri.Prominent fauna is Flamingo, teal, BACK TO EAST INDIA
bar headed goose, shoveller and white -
bellied sea eagle and Gangetic dolphins.
26

Manas National Park: Guwahati -
Assam
• Manas is situated in Assam spread over an area of
391 sq km, earlier it was known as North Kamrup,
declared as a sanctuary on December 01, 1928. It
was accorded the status of World Heritage Site in
1985. Manas houses 19 of India's most endangered
animal populations. It has the largest population of
tigers among Indian reserves. It is a home to the rare
golden langur . The prominent fauna here are the
rhino, wild buffalos, elephants, gaur, swamp deer,
capped langur and clouded leopard. . The main
highlight of the park is the giant hornbill, two
subspecies of which, the pied and grey varieties are
to be found here. Butterflies and reptiles are also
found aplenty in Manas.
BACK TO EAST INDIA

Kaziranga National Park: Assam
• The Park was first established in 1908, as a
reserve forest with only about a dozen rhinos
and was declared a National Park in 1974.
Kaziranga is famous for the great One-Horned
Rhinos. Tigers, which are natural enemies of
rhinos, are also there in sizable numbers in this
area. Other attractions of this national park
include the wild buffalo, magnificent swamp
deer, hog deer, wild boar, , capped langur
(badger). A wide variety of snakes including the
rock python and the monitor lizards also found
here. Many birds like pelican, BACK TOare found.
teal etc. EAST INDIA

WEST INDIA
• THE MOST FAMOUS WILDLIFE
PROTECTION AREA IN THE WEST IS-
• GIR NATIONAL PARK

BACK

Gir National Park & Sanctuary :
Gujarat
• The Gir wildlife sanctuary and national park,
collectively referred to as the Gir Protected
Area (PA), is located in the Saurashtra
peninsula of Gujarat in western India.

The Gir national park is a heaven to about
300 Asiatic lions. The Lion, Panther Leo,
inhabits the forest of Gir in the Saurashtra
peninsula, attracting sixty thousand visitors
to this sanctuary of Gujarat every year. Gir
today is the only place in TO CENTRAL INDIA
the world, outside
Africa, where the lion can be seen in its
natural habitat. Dr.Rajesh Patel , director ,nrv
07/05/12 03:51 AM by
30

CENTRAL INDIA
• THE MOST FAMOUS WILDLIFE
PROTECTION AREA IN THE WEST IS-
• KANHA NATIONAL PARK

BACK

CENTRAL INDIA
Kanha: Madhya Pradesh
• The Kanha National Park, in Madhya Pradesh, forms the
core of the Kanha Tiger Reserve created in 1974, under
Project Tiger. Stretching over 940sq km, the vegetation,
chiefly made of Sal and bamboo forests, grasslands and
streams, this park is the sole habitat of the rare hard
ground barasingha.
Kanha boasts of about 22 species of mammals. Some of
the inhabitants of this park are the gaur, the largest of the
world's cattle; The Sambar, The Largest Indian Deer; And
The Chausingha, The Only Four-Horned Antelope in the
world.
Some 200 species of birds inhabit the park that includes
the Cattle Egret, Black Ibis etc. But for all the astonishing
diversity in its wildlife population, Kanha is best known
as the habitat of the Tiger. Sighting and photographing
TO SOUTH INDIA
this magnificent animal from Elephant back, is an
unforgettable experience

SOUTH INDIA
• Periyar / Thekkady Wildlife Sanctuary : Ker

• Silent Valley National Park : Kerala

BACK

Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary :
Kerala
• Between Trivandrum and Munnar is Thekkady, the
home of one of India's oldest and best-known
wildlife sanctuaries. remains largely undisturbed by
visitors who must observe it from special boats
which glide across the surface of the lake. although
the stars of the sanctuary are the families of wild
elephants that often gather near the water's edge,
other inhabitants include bears, sambhar, bison and
spotted deer, as well as many screeching monkeys.
The sanctuary was one of the first to come under the
centeral goverment's successful Project Tiger. The
BACK TO SOUTH INDIA
bird life is rich and varied and Periyar attracts
dedicated bird- watching enthusiasts.

Silent Valley National Park :
Kerala
• The Park is the house to the elephants, tigers, wild dog, flying
squirrel and lioned tailed macaque. The river Kuntipuzha flows
through the valley and make it a beautiful place to see.
Admission to the park is restricted. The park has a huge variety
of wildlife, with over a 100 species of Butterflies and 400
species of Moths and other animals like the Ceylon Frog Moth,
Great Indian Hornbill, the Nilgiri Laughing Thrush and the Lion-
Tailed Macaque.
The park has around 26 species of mammals and 120 species
of avifauna, many of them considered endangered. Apart from
these, there are 11 species of snakes, 19 species of
amphibians, and nine species of Lizards in the park.
The Silent Valley has over 110 plant species of medicinal value,
and seven new plant species have been discovered here.

BACK TO SOUTH INDIA

THE END

but…………remember

Nature has always helped in flourishing the
mankind. But this isn't about what nature
gives to you, its what you, as a human being
give back in return. Are you concerned about
nature? Does saving the endangered species
and taking necessary actions for those who
are on the brink of extinction means
something to you? Then lets join hands to
save mother Earth!!!

• The most beautiful gift that God has given to
nature are the wild creatures, they embellish the
natural beauty by their unique way of existence.
But due the growing impact of deforestation, few
concerned animal lovers are making continuous
efforts to save the endangered species as well
as those who are on the verge of extinction and
save the world from loosing its green heritage.
• SO WE ALL SHOULD ALL HELP THEM AND
SAVE THE GOD’S WONDERFUL
CREATIONS…..BECAUSE EVERY SINGLE
PERSON MAKES A DIFFERENCE.

Wildlife in india_1_

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