Implementation of isp mpls backbone network on i pv6 using 6 pe routers main PPT

DRKINSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION OF ISP MPLS BACKBONE
NETWORK ON IPV6 USING 6PE ROUTERS
Project- Seminar
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
B. Satish Kumar 10N71A0405
C. Pavan 10N71A0410
K. Sai Kiran 10N71A0429
Date: 22/03/2014

Project- SeminarDate: 22/03/2014
DRK INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION OF ISP MPLS BACKBONE NETWORK ON IPV6 USING 6PE ROUTERS
INDEX
•ABSTRACT
•What is an IP Address
•Where do IP addresses come from?
•IPv4 Address classes

• IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a revision of the Internet Protocol (IP)
developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IPv6 is intended to
succeed IPv4.
• IPv6 implements a new addressing system that allows for far more addresses
to be assigned than with Ipv4.
• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is deployed by many service providers
for establishing their backbone networks.
• The Cisco implementation of IPv6 provider edge router over MPLS is called
6PE,and it enables IPv6 sites to communicate with each other over an MPLS
IPv4 core network using MPLS label switched paths.
ABSTRACT

What is an IP address?
• Each host on a TCP/IP network is uniquely identified at the IP layer with an
address.
• An Internet Protocol (IP) address specifies the location of a host or client on the
Internet.
• Responsible for end to end transmission
• The IPv4 address is 32 bits long
• The IPv6 address is 128 bit long

Where do IP addresses come from?
Standards
Allocation
Allocation
Assignment
Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
distribute IPv4, IPv6, and AS numbers
to the Internet community
USER

VERSIONS OF IP
IPV1 To IPV3 – Were Not Formally Assigned
IPV4 – TCP/IP – 32 Bit IP Address, Currently Used
IPV5 – A Connection Oriented Internet Level Protocol
IPV6 – Designed To Replace IPV4 – 128 Bit IP Address
Failure
Currently Using
Failure
Success
Journey Of IP:

IPv4 Address classes
NClass-A:
N NClass-B:
N N NClass-C:
Class-D: For Multicast
Class-E: For Research
There are five classes of addresses A, B, C, D & E.
A, B & C classes are used to represent host and network address.
Class D is a special type of address used for multicasting.
Class E is reserved for experimental use.
H H H
H H
H
•N=Network number assigned by IANA
•H=Host number assigned by network
administrator.

CLASS- C Address
In decimal the address range is 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
The IP address is of the form <Network-ID,Host-ID>
Network Host
32 Bits
8 Bits8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits
172 . 16 . 122 . 204
HN N H

01
0
12
7
000000
00
011111
11
A-
50%
1
0
12
8
19
1
10000
000
101111
11
B-
25%
0
1
19
2
22
3
110000
00
1101111
1
C-12.5%
24
0 25
5
1111000
0
111111
11
E-6.25%
022
4
23
9
1110000
0 1110111
1
D-6.25%
0
1
100%
ADDRESS SPACE UTILISATION

NETWORKS VS HOSTS
• In Classless environment we can haveIn Classless environment we can have
• 223232
=4294967296 Hosts=4294967296 Hosts
• ClassClass NetworksNetworks Hosts/NetworkHosts/Network
• AA 126126 1677721416777214
• BB 1638416384 6553465534
• CC 20971522097152 254254

Routing and Routing Protocols
The three methods by which a router can add IP routes to
its routing table are:
1. Static routes – Adding a route due to the engineer adding an ip
route command to the router’s configuration.
2. Dynamic routing protocols – Adding routes using routing
protocols, which cause routers to dynamically exchange routing
information with other routers.

ROUTER BASICS
Basic Concepts
The router decides where to forward the packet base on the routing table.
To route packets, routers must have routes in their IP routing tables.
Each entry in a router’s IP routing table has important information, including the
following vital information:
1. The destination subnet (subnet number and subnet mask.
2. Directions that tell the router to what other router or host to send the packet
next (outgoing interface and next-hop router).

IPV4
• Uses 32-bit IP address.
• Allows for about 4.2 billion IP addresses.
• IPv4 packet header is made up of 20 bytes.
• Dotted decimal notation.
• It consists of network address and host address.
IPv4
0 15 16
vers hlen TOS total length
identification flags flag-offset
TTL protocol header checksum
source address
destination address
options and padding
20
bytes

IPV6
40
bytes
vers traffic class flow-label
payload length next header hop limit
source address
destination address
IPv6 is Based on IPv4 Initiated in 1994
• It is 128 Bits
• 2128
=3.4 X 1038
• Header is made up of 40 bytes
•Uses 128-bit IP address
•Allows for 3.4 x 1038
IP addresses
•Each Person Gets 5.5 X 1028
IP’s
No option field: Replaced by extension header. Result in a fixed length, 40-byte IP
header.
No header checksum: Result in fast processing.
No fragmentation at intermediate nodes: Result in fast IP forwarding.

1. Addressing problem
2. Routing Crisis
3. End to End problem
4. Security
5. Mobility
6. Performance
Problems of IPv4 & Why IPv6

• Larger address space
• Global reachability
• Auto-configuration
• Efficient Routing
• Easy Mobility
• Better security
IPv6 Features

Why IPv6?
• Shortage of IPv4 addresses
• Internet is expanding very rapidly in developing countries like
India, China.
• Heavy demand for IP addresses
• End-to-End Reachability is not possible without IPv6
• New Features like Autoconfiguration, better support for QoS, and
Security, Route Aggregation

SUBNETTING
Dividing the network into different networks is called subnetting.
Moving of host bits into network bits ,these bits are called
subnets
Subnetting is of two types:
FLSM: Fixed Length Subnet Masking
VLSM: Variable Length Subnet Masking
Subnetting can be based on :
•Required no of Networks .
•Required no of Hosts .

 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack
 Networks - Tunneling
 Gateway - IPv4/IPv6 Translation
DRIVER
APPLICATION
TCP/UDP
IPv4 IPv6
IPv4 IPv6
IPv6
Network
IPv4IPv6
Network
Tunnel
IPv4
Network
IPv6
Network
Translator
Migration Options

OSPF
Features of OSPF:
Neighbor Database: Initial table displaying neighbors learned
through Hello packets.
Link State Database: Similar in all routers. Formed after each
router floods its neighbor database.
Routing table: Each router builds this table by using SPF technology.
It gives the shortest path to all the routers in the AS.

OSPF
Features of OSPF:
1. The OSPF protocol is a link state Protocol that handles routing for IP traffic.
2. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, to
provide a loop-free topology.
3. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) provides fast convergence with triggered,
incremental updates via Link State Advertisements (LSAs).
4. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a classless protocol and allows for a hierarchical
design with VLSM and route summarization.
5. The two important concepts in case of OSPF are Autonomous Systems and Areas.

MPLS
• End-to-End protection
• “MPLS stands for "Multiprotocol Label Switching".
• Incoming packets are assigned a "label" by a "label edge router (LER)".
• Packets are forwarded along a "label switch path (LSP)“
• Label switch router (LSR)" makes forwarding decisions on the contents of the label.
•Enable explicit routing in IP networks
•Can be used for traffic management, QoS routing
•Enable fast restoration from failures.
•A packet may carry multiple labels, organized as a last-in-first-out stack
•Simplify packet forwarding based on a fixed length label

• Multi Protocol Label Switching is arranged between
Layer 2 and Layer 3
MPLS
L3
Header
L2
Header
DATA
L4
Header

•Improves the possibilities for traffic engineering
•Supports the delivery of services with QoS guarantees
•Avoids need for coordination of IP and ATM address allocation and
routing information
•The performance characteristics of layer 2 networks
•The connectivity and network services of layer 3 networks
•Improves the price/performance of network layer routing
•Improved scalability
MPLS ADVANTAGES

CE
CE
CE
CE
PE
PE
P
P P
P
MPLS Cloud Model

ANY QUERIES

THANK YOU

Implementation of isp mpls backbone network on i pv6 using 6 pe routers main PPT

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