This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.

1. MUSTARD
Brassica juncea L.
Group No: 04

2. INTRODUCTION
• Native to temperate regions of Europe
• More than 350 genera
• One of the first domesticated crops
• Major cultivating countries are Nepal, Canada,
Myanmar, China & United State

3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Brassica

4. MORPHOLOGY
Flowers
• Mostly perfect flowers
• Actinomorphic
• Four sepals & four petals
• Six stamens
• Ovary superior
• Mostly two fused carpel
• One to many ovules
• One pistil

5. Leaves
• Opposite
• No stipules
• Net venation

6. Fruit
• Seed pods
• Many are slender and long
Seed
• Small round seeds
• Usually about 1 or 2 mm in diameter
• May be colored from yellowish white to black

9. MAJOR GROWING AREAS
• Remained as a subsidiary crop in the wet, and
intermediate zones of SL,& also in some areas of
dry zone
• Mainly cultivated districts are;
⁻ Badulla
⁻ Puttalam
⁻ Anuradhapura
⁻ Rathnapura
⁻ Nuwara Eliya
⁻ Kurunegala
⁻ Matale

10. FORMS OF MUSTARD & USES
• Mustard oil
• Mustard powder
• Mustard cream
• Mature seeds

11. • Culinary uses
Used as a condiment, as an ingredient in mayonnaise, vinaigrette,
marinades, and barbecue sauce, a popular accompaniment to hot
dogs, pretzels, and bratwurst
• Medicinal uses
Sore Throat Relief, Chest Decongestant, Muscle Relaxing Bath,
Relief for Tired Feet ,Backache-Treating Bath
• Cosmetics production
• Agrochemical production

12. ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS

13. Climate
• Mustard is a cool season crop that can be
grown in a short growing season
• Seedlings are usually somewhat tolerant to
mild frosts after emergence, but severe frosts
can destroy the crop
• Moisture stress caused by hot, dry conditions
during the flowering period frequently causes
lower yields

14. Soil
• Mustard can be raised on variable soil types
with ;
⁻ Fertile
⁻ Well-drained
⁻ Loamy soils
• Soils prone to crusting prior to seedling
emergence can cause problems

15. • Crop will not tolerate waterlogged soils since
growth will be stunted
• Dry sand and dry sandy loam soils should also be
avoided
• Seedlings are usually somewhat tolerant to mild
frosts after emergence, but severe frosts can
destroy the crop
• Seed will germinate at a soil temperature as low
as 40°F

16. CROP ESTABLISHMENT
AND
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

17. • Propagation
• Crop Rotation
• Seed Bed preparation
• Fertilization
• Irrigation
• Weeding
• Pest & Disease Management
• Harvesting & Processing

18. PROPAGATION
• Propagation- through seeds
• Seeds can be sown directly into the ground
• Germination will take place within 10 days

19. SEED BED PREPARATION
• seedbed should be;
- firm
- moist
-Uniform
- free of weeds and previous crop residue
- close to the surface
• Seedbed preparation depends on the
production system

20. CROP ROTATION
• Three important considerations with respect
to mustard in a crop rotation are;
1. Disease control
2. Protect soil
3. Moisture management

21. Seeding Date
• Planting should occur as early in the season as
the environmental conditions allow
• An earlier seeding date is allowed;
o To benefit from the moisture in establishing a
good canopy before weeds emerge
o To avoid heat stress during summer that causes
flower or pod abortion
o To reduces the risk of damage from fall frosts
that can reduce crop yields and quality

22. Seeding Rate
•For brown and oriental mustard : 4.5 - 6.7 kg/ha
and for yellow mustard : 7.8 - 11.2 kg/ha
•Do not seed mustard deeper than 37 – 50 mm (1
½ - 2 inch) deep

23. Irrigation
• The mustard crops are usually grown on
conserved moisture received during monsoon
rain-fed crops
• Adequate soil moisture & aeration are
important for both seed germination &
nematode hatching

24. • The soil is usually very dry and irrigation is required
immediately after crop is planted
• For sprinkler irrigation systems, water can be applied
immediately after planting to promote rapid
germination

25. • Under gravity irrigation systems, furrows should be
put into the field shortly after planting
• After the plants emerge, an additional two to three
irrigations may be necessary to provide adequate
plant growth and to stimulate nematode egg
hatching

26. FERTILIZATION
• Adequate nutrient supply increases the seed and oil
yields by improving the setting pattern on branches,
number of siliquae/plant, and other yield attributes
• Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) for different
zones changes with climate, soil type, time, and type
of cropping system followed

27. • Chemical fertilization
• Organic fertilization
• Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)

28. WEED MANAGEMENT
• Decline in crop production ranging 15–
from 30%
• Critical period is 15–40 days
• Hand weeding

29. PESTS AND DISEASES OF
MUSTARD

30. IMPORTANT PESTS OF MUSTARD
• Diamondback moth
• Leaf Webber
• Mustard saw fly
• Leaf miner
• Mustard aphid
• Painted bug

31. Diamondback moth: Plutella xylostella
Symptoms of damage
• Whitish patches due to scrapping of epidermal leaf tissues by
young larvae
• In later stages larvae bore holes in the leaves
• Leaves may be eaten up completely
• It also bores into pods and feeds developing seed
Management
• Installing pheromone trap
• Collection and careful destruction of the larvae
• For control of grown up larvae apply 5% malathion dust

32. Leaf webber: Crocidolomia binotalis
Symptoms of damage
• Newly hatched larvae feed ;
-initially on the chlorophyll of young leaves
-later on older leaves, buds and pods,
make webbings and live within
• Severely attacked plants are defoliated
• Seeds in the pods are eaten away
Management
• Spray any one of the insecticides
- phosalone ,fenvalerate

33. Mustard saw fly: Athalia lugens proxima
Symptoms of damage
• Initially the larva nibbles leaves, later it feeds from the
margins towards the midrib
• The grubs cause numerous shot holes and even riddled
the entire leaves
• They consume the epidermis of the shoot
Management
• Early sowing should be done
• Maintain clean cultivation
• Severe cold reduces pest load
• Collection and destruction of grubs of saw fly
• Use of bitter gourd seed oil emulsion as on anti- feedant

34. IMPORTANT DISEASES OF MUSTARD
• Alternaria blight
• Bacterial rot
• Bacterial stalk rot
• Broomrape
• Club root
• Downy mildew
• Mosaic
• Phyllody
• Powdery Mildew
• Sclerotinia stem rot
• White rust

35. Alternaria blight
Symptoms
• Brown coloured rounded spots appear on all the
parts of plant with black outer ring
Management
• Spraying of dithane M – 45
• Grow disease resistant varieties
• Use healthy certified seeds

36. Bacterial rot
Symptoms
• Dark colour streaks on stem from the ground level
• Gradually these streaks enlarge and girdle the stem
• Stem become hollow due to internal rotting
• browning of veins and withering of leaves are
observed
Management
• Rotating the mustard crop
• Follow complete crop and field sanitation
• Spray Streptocycline or Copper oxychloride

37. Downy mildew
Symptoms
• Grayish white irregular necrotic patches develop on
the lower surface of leaves
• The affected inflorescence does not produce any
siliqua or seed
Management
• Varieties of Brassica napus group are resistant to this
disease
• Destroy the diseased crop debris

38. HARVESTING & PROCESSING

39. • The normal maturation of the crop, wind, and
rain do not cause shattering before cutting
• great shattering losses when the plants are
overripe
• Yellow mustard does not shatter readily and
can be straight combined if the crop has
matured uniformly (10% moisture) and is free
of green weeds
• Plants should be cut just beneath the height
of the lowest seed pods

40. • Brown and oriental varieties will shatter more
readily when ripe and should be swathed
• The swathing should begin after the general
leaf drop and when the overall field color has
changed from green to yellow or brown

41. • About 75% of the seeds may have reached the
mature color of yellow or brown
• The remaining green seeds will mature in the
swath before combining

42. GROUP MEMBERS
• U.M.C.S Udagedara UWU/EAG/11/0018
• Premasinghe Y.H.G.D.B. UWU/EAG/11/0023
• G.Y.A.D.D Perera UWU/EAG/11/0025

43. Thank you