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CTC   - Certified   Trading Chains in mineral production:   the   present context Markus Wagner BGR – Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Brasilia, October 9, 2008 8th annual CASM conference   -  partnerships
 
the general problem: illegal mining and trade of mineral resources is a source of finance for violent groups and contributes to  regional instability   2 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CTC  background 2007 G8  - RESPONSIBILITY FOR RAW MATERIALS: TRANSPARENCY AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH 86. the  artisanal and small-scale mining sector   provides important livelihoods  to many people in developing countries… these activities often are conducted in an  informal manner   and   do not meet minimum social and environmental standards . ,[object Object],3 of 24
statistical consumption per capita during an average 79 years lifetime iron ore – < 4% 1.350 kg 35 t copper – 0,5% 1.100 kg 5 kg zinc – 1% 700 kg 7,5 kg lead – 3% 350 kg 10 kg tin – 25% 20 kg 5 kg tungsten – >6% 7 kg 450 g cobalt – 30% 2 kg 600 g silver – 8% 1.200 g 100 g tantalum – 20% 300 g 60 g gold – 10% 50 g 5 g total consumption statistical share of ASM Why ASM?  German mineral consumption Source: BGR databank 4 of 24
tantalum ore:  african production statistics 50 100 150 200 250 300 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Ta [t metal content] Ethiopia Nigeria Namibia DR Congo Zimbabwe Mozambique Rwanda (REDEMI) Burundi Rwanda  Source: USGS Minerals Yearbook, BGR databank „ coltan boom“   5 of 24
what minerals?  the CTC window Source: BGR databank 0,01 0,1 1,0 10 100 1.000 10.000 100.000 commodity, relative crustal abundance [ppm] value per unit [USD / kg] FeO (9.1%) Diamonds (  0.0001) Cu (75), Co (29) Au (0.004) Sn (2.5), Ta (1) high value impedes cooperative 12 USD/ct  18.5 USD/ct 650 USD/oz  400 USD/oz  iron ore: 80 US cents/mtu  Cu: 5 USD/kg  Co: 35 USD/kg  gold  diamonds  Sn: 7,000 USD/t  coltan: 12,000 USD/t  tantalite: 77,000 USD/t  heterogenite: 250 USD/t  cassiterite: 1,500 USD/t  industrial product  artisanal product  6 of 24 low value prohibits ASM 100,000 t  10,000 t  10 - 100 t  100 kg <1 kg
matrix for responsible use of mineral resources good governance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],transparency standards ,[object Object],[object Object],certification ,[object Object],7 of 24
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],benefits of CTC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],assessing, Nemba, Rwanda 8 of 24
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],benefits of CTC (II) weighing, Kayonza, Rwanda 9 of 24
CTC concept reports commissions places request national certification unit assesses reports engages auditor contractual agreement delivers certified product support through fair price and technology transfer producer: cooperative, small scale mine customer: industrial consumer gives feedback revenues dialogue accompanies international partnership government of producer country consults, supports reputational protection expert (development program  etc.) government of consumer   country 10 of 24
geology modal mineralogy radiometric age geochemistry trace elements major elements CTC  analytical fingerprint for coltan ores 11 of 24 Burundi Rwanda Uganda DRC „ Kibaran“
CTC key features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],hauling, Kayonza, Rwanda 12 of 24
rough diamonds gold cassiterite coltan >750 MUSD 450 MUSD 250 MUSD 35 MUSD 30 MUSD 9,000 kg 18 Mct. 12,000 t Sn metal content  50 t Ta metal content  DRC:   post-war illegal trade estimated unrecorded annual exports   (2005 - 2006) total market value 13 of 24 Source: BGR databank
transparent material flows transparent revenue streams mine supervision, certification fiscalisation Module 1 Module 2 mineral production sustainable development DRC:  two modules, one programme CTC 14 of 24
CTC  in DRC reports commissions CEEC assesses reports Division des Mines delivers certified product fair price producer: cooperative, small scale mine customer: processing company revenues dialogue accompanies IC/GLR revenue authorities DGI, DGRAD supports reputational protection SAESSCAM consumers 15 of 24
CTC  in Rwanda ASM, Kayonza 2, Rwanda 16 of 24
REDEMI:  Official Mine Production Figures 200 400 600 800 1,000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 50 100 150 200 250 Source: REDEMI, BGR databank cassiterite [t concentrate] coltan, wolframite [t concentrate] cassiterite coltan  wolframite Rwanda crisis coltan boom „ the Congo wars“ 17 of 24
CTC in Rwanda ,[object Object],[object Object],SnO 2  , Ta 2 O 5 WO 3 Gifurwe Kayonza Gatumba Nemba Rutsiro ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],18 of 24
International Conference on the Great Lakes IC/GLR member states Sudan DRC CAR Tanzania Kenya Uganda Rwanda Burundi Sambia Angola Ethiopia Egypt Namibia Botswana Zimbabwe Malawi Moza mbique www.icglr.org Congo Bujumbura Nairobi 19 of 24 co-opted countries involved
IC/GLR : a house for peace-building and   development / www.icglr.org pact on security, stability and development: the Dar es Salaam Declaration peace and security democracy and good governance economic development and regional integration humanitarian and social issues technical instrument: regional programmes of action  legal instrument: protocols   financial instrument: special reconstruction and development fund regional follow-up mechamism (RFM) 20 of 24
CTC  partnership ICGLR  - PROTOCOL AGAINST THE ILLEGAL EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 11. member states undertake to establish a  regional mechanism  […] to serve as a tool for combating the illegal exploitation of natural resources. this mechanism shall institute  accredited standards  as regards natural resource exploitation and shall include provisions on  certification of origin  […].   21 of 24
IC/GLR : regional initiative against illegal   exploitation of natural resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],22 of 24
CTC road map conference, Berlin, Germany ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],23 of 24
muito obrigado! for more information: Markus Wagner Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) e-mail:  [email_address] 24 of 24
 
CTC dual policy objective: ,[object Object],[object Object],panning, Kwara State, Nigeria 6 of 25

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Wagner Certified Trading Chains

  • 1. CTC - Certified Trading Chains in mineral production: the present context Markus Wagner BGR – Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Brasilia, October 9, 2008 8th annual CASM conference - partnerships
  • 2.  
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. statistical consumption per capita during an average 79 years lifetime iron ore – < 4% 1.350 kg 35 t copper – 0,5% 1.100 kg 5 kg zinc – 1% 700 kg 7,5 kg lead – 3% 350 kg 10 kg tin – 25% 20 kg 5 kg tungsten – >6% 7 kg 450 g cobalt – 30% 2 kg 600 g silver – 8% 1.200 g 100 g tantalum – 20% 300 g 60 g gold – 10% 50 g 5 g total consumption statistical share of ASM Why ASM? German mineral consumption Source: BGR databank 4 of 24
  • 6. tantalum ore: african production statistics 50 100 150 200 250 300 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Ta [t metal content] Ethiopia Nigeria Namibia DR Congo Zimbabwe Mozambique Rwanda (REDEMI) Burundi Rwanda Source: USGS Minerals Yearbook, BGR databank „ coltan boom“ 5 of 24
  • 7. what minerals? the CTC window Source: BGR databank 0,01 0,1 1,0 10 100 1.000 10.000 100.000 commodity, relative crustal abundance [ppm] value per unit [USD / kg] FeO (9.1%) Diamonds (  0.0001) Cu (75), Co (29) Au (0.004) Sn (2.5), Ta (1) high value impedes cooperative 12 USD/ct 18.5 USD/ct 650 USD/oz 400 USD/oz iron ore: 80 US cents/mtu Cu: 5 USD/kg Co: 35 USD/kg gold diamonds Sn: 7,000 USD/t coltan: 12,000 USD/t tantalite: 77,000 USD/t heterogenite: 250 USD/t cassiterite: 1,500 USD/t industrial product artisanal product 6 of 24 low value prohibits ASM 100,000 t 10,000 t 10 - 100 t 100 kg <1 kg
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. CTC concept reports commissions places request national certification unit assesses reports engages auditor contractual agreement delivers certified product support through fair price and technology transfer producer: cooperative, small scale mine customer: industrial consumer gives feedback revenues dialogue accompanies international partnership government of producer country consults, supports reputational protection expert (development program etc.) government of consumer country 10 of 24
  • 12. geology modal mineralogy radiometric age geochemistry trace elements major elements CTC analytical fingerprint for coltan ores 11 of 24 Burundi Rwanda Uganda DRC „ Kibaran“
  • 13.
  • 14. rough diamonds gold cassiterite coltan >750 MUSD 450 MUSD 250 MUSD 35 MUSD 30 MUSD 9,000 kg 18 Mct. 12,000 t Sn metal content 50 t Ta metal content DRC: post-war illegal trade estimated unrecorded annual exports (2005 - 2006) total market value 13 of 24 Source: BGR databank
  • 15. transparent material flows transparent revenue streams mine supervision, certification fiscalisation Module 1 Module 2 mineral production sustainable development DRC: two modules, one programme CTC 14 of 24
  • 16. CTC in DRC reports commissions CEEC assesses reports Division des Mines delivers certified product fair price producer: cooperative, small scale mine customer: processing company revenues dialogue accompanies IC/GLR revenue authorities DGI, DGRAD supports reputational protection SAESSCAM consumers 15 of 24
  • 17. CTC in Rwanda ASM, Kayonza 2, Rwanda 16 of 24
  • 18. REDEMI: Official Mine Production Figures 200 400 600 800 1,000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 50 100 150 200 250 Source: REDEMI, BGR databank cassiterite [t concentrate] coltan, wolframite [t concentrate] cassiterite coltan wolframite Rwanda crisis coltan boom „ the Congo wars“ 17 of 24
  • 19.
  • 20. International Conference on the Great Lakes IC/GLR member states Sudan DRC CAR Tanzania Kenya Uganda Rwanda Burundi Sambia Angola Ethiopia Egypt Namibia Botswana Zimbabwe Malawi Moza mbique www.icglr.org Congo Bujumbura Nairobi 19 of 24 co-opted countries involved
  • 21. IC/GLR : a house for peace-building and development / www.icglr.org pact on security, stability and development: the Dar es Salaam Declaration peace and security democracy and good governance economic development and regional integration humanitarian and social issues technical instrument: regional programmes of action legal instrument: protocols financial instrument: special reconstruction and development fund regional follow-up mechamism (RFM) 20 of 24
  • 22. CTC partnership ICGLR - PROTOCOL AGAINST THE ILLEGAL EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 11. member states undertake to establish a regional mechanism […] to serve as a tool for combating the illegal exploitation of natural resources. this mechanism shall institute accredited standards as regards natural resource exploitation and shall include provisions on certification of origin […]. 21 of 24
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. muito obrigado! for more information: Markus Wagner Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) e-mail: [email_address] 24 of 24
  • 26.  
  • 27.

Notas del editor

  1. I would like to present our approach to the implementation of traceability as well as minimum standards in mineral production. We are focusing on the support of artisanal and small scale mining of metals for industrial use. We do not deal with gold, gemstones or jewellery products which are directly linked to end-consumers It is a B2B approach. At present, our regional focus is the Great Lakes region of Central Africa and the metals we are looking at are Tungsten, Tin and Tantalum.