SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 32
Descargar para leer sin conexión
OECD Study on Regional Development
in Brazil
Claire Charbit
Deputy Head of the Regional Development Policy Division
Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development OECD

SEMINÁRIO INTERNACIONAL
POLÍTICA REGIONAL NO CONTEXTO GLOBAL:
SITUAÇÃO ATUAL E PERSPECTIVAS

Brasilia, 19th March 2013
OECD Territorial Reviews:
A series of case studies of Regional Development Policy for
Inclusive Growth
Among 34 member countries and non member :
 18 National Territorial Reviews ( +2 in process)

 22 Metropolitan Reviews

(+1 in process)

 2 National Urban Policy Reviews (+1 in process)
 6 Regional reviews (+2 in process)

 5 review s on regional innovation systems

Conceptual framework:
1.

9+2 National rural Policy Reviews(+1 in process)

Diagnosis and assessment (Chapter 1)

Why?

Measure sub-national trends
Identify key strengths and bottlenecks for growth

2. Review of policy instruments (Chapter 2)



Are current policies adequate for addressing strengths and
weakness?
Identify areas of improvement

3. Multilevel governance (Chapter 3)



Identify implementation issues
and mechanisms for bridging governance gaps

What?
How?
2
Outline
1. Key facts
2. Some policy lessons
3. Key governance challenges
4. Conclusions/recommendations
Despite Brazil’s high levels of concentration in GDP and population …
Geographic concentration index of GDP and population (TL2), 2007
Brazil
Sweden
Iceland
Canada
Finland
Greece
United States
Australia
Mexico
Turkey
Japan
Spain
Norway
Korea
Portugal
Hungary
OECD average
New Zealand
United Kingdom
France
Belgium
Denmark
Austria
Ireland
Germany
Czech Republic
Italy
Netherlands
Slovak Republic
Poland

61.7
54.2
49.5
47.2
47.2
47.0
46.5
46.0
45.0
44.4
43.9
43.4
41.8
41.1
40.5
39.7
38.5
35.8
34.7
34.5
31.9
31.3
29.9
29.7
27.9
27.6
26.1
25.8
25.7
24.1
0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Index of geographic concentration
of GDP (TL2)

60.0

70.0

Iceland
Sweden
Brazil
Canada
Australia
United States
Finland
Mexico
Korea
Japan
Spain
Norway
Portugal
Greece
New Zealand
OECD average
United Kingdom
Turkey
France
Denmark
Germany
Austria
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Czech Republic
Poland
Slovak Republic

62.0

52.2
52.0
47.6
47.1
44.4
42.6
41.1
40.9
39.1
37.9
37.6
36.9
33.3
33.2
33.0
31.5
30.5
26.9
24.1
24.0
23.6
22.8
22.2
21.9
21.4
20.8
20.4
16.4
16.3
11.1
0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

Index of geographic concentration
of population (TL2)

Concentration index of GDP

Concentration index of population

64
62
60
58

… concentration has been
decreasing over the past decades

56
54
52
50
1980

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006
4

2008
Despite the recent decline in territorial disparities…
…in catching-up economies inequality
is high and it tends to rise due to
the presence of growth poles…

…in Brazil however it is an exception…
Brazil (TL2)
0.33
0.32
0.31

Territorial disparities in GDP per capita among TL2) regions, 2010

Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
Hungary
Czech Republic
Finland
Canada
Italy
United States
Germany
OECD 21 average
Portugal
United Kingdom
Poland
New Zealand
Norway
Australia
Austria
Spain
Sweden
Korea
France
Japan

0.34
0.30
0.24
0.22
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.06
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.3
0.29

Gini idex of GDP per capita (TL2)

0.28
0.27
0.26

1980
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007

0.25

… they still remain high in Brazil
Most unsatisfied needs are concentrated in lagging regions

1. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide.
Note: This map is for illustrative purposes and is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory covered by this map.
2. This map is for illustrative purposes and is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory covered by this map.
Source: Calculations based on data provided by (1) IBGE, (2) Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Estados and (3) CEPAL/ PNUD/OIT
(2008) Emprego, desenvolvimento humano e trabalho decente: a experiencia brasileira recente.
Catching up has been driven mainly by advances in
resource-intensive regions
Despite Brazil’s faster overall growth …
Growth in GDP per capita among types of TL3 regions,
1995-2007

Predominantly rural
Intermediate
Predominantly urban

Brazil
4.64%
3.14%
1.58%

OECD
2.31%
1.88%
1.93%

…urban regions have performed below their potential, recording a
lower rate of growth than the average for OECD urban regions
Policies that aim to tap the growth potential of all types of
regions is an important source of aggregate growth
17%
16%

Sao Paulo

15%
14%
13%

Contribution toOECD growth

12%
11%
10%

Two thirds of
national growth
comes from
intermediate
(32%) and rural
regions (37%)…

9%
8%
7%
6%

Federal Dist.

5%

Rio de Janeiro
Belo Horizonte
Curitiba

4%
3%
2%

y = 0.4664x-1.275

1%
0%

TL3 regions
TL2 regions

This will require a differentiated approach, capable of
adapting to the different needs and challenges of regions
Outline
1. Key facts
2. Some policy lessons
3. Key governance challenges
4. Conclusions/recommendations
Isolated sectoral action may have
unintended outcomes (example)
Brain drain

with labour mobility
Human capital
formation

Policy
responses

Persistence of inequality
11
A combination of policies is necessary
Sustainable poverty reduction requires creating
local jobs and growth
Different policies have complementarities: ex
infrastructure + economic +social dimensions
– Need to co-ordinate policies
– Important to target the relevant scale

Regional development policy could reinforce the
impact of social policies such as Bolsa Familia
Paradigm shift in regional policies
Traditional Regional Policies

New Paradigm

Objectives

Balancing economic
performances by temporary
compensating for disparities

Tapping under-utilised regional
potential for competitiveness

Strategies

Sectoral approach

Integrated development
projects

Tools

Subsidies and state aid

Soft and hard infrastructures

Actors

Central government

Different levels of government

Unit of
analysis

Administrative regions

Functional regions

Redistributing from leading to
lagging regions

Building competitive regions
by bringing actors together
and targeting key local assets
Resources for regional development are soaring, but
target mainly private firms
Resources for Regional Development (R$ million)
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

FNE

FCO

FNO

Tax exemptions SUDAM

Tax exemptions SUDENE

Tax exemptions AFRMM SUDAM

Tax exemptions AFRMM SUDENE

Source: Sistema de Informações Geranciais dos Fundos Constitucionais de Financiamento (2000-09); IRPJ e
IOF-Coordenação-Geral de Estudos Econômicos-Tributários – COGET/Receita Federal; Relatório de
Execução Territórios da Cidadania Matriz 2008 and Relatório de Execução Plano de Execução 2009
Territories of Citizenship.

2009
Public investment and BNDES funds still face difficulties
reaching lagging regions

Regional allocation of PAC investments
(2007-10)

Northern region
7%

Federal district
1%

Southern region
8%

Regional allocation of lending by BNDES in 2010

Northern region
Northeast 7%

region
10%
Centre-west
region
7%

Northeast
region
19%

Centre-west
region
7%

Southeast
region
60%

Source: Relatórios Estaduais. Totals for four years, 2007-10.

Southern region
18%

Southeast
region
58%

Source: BNDES website, www.bndes.gov.br.
Outline
1. Key facts
2. Some policy lessons
3. Key governance challenges
4. Conclusions/recommendations
Brazil is among the most decentralised countries both
in revenue and spending allocations
60,0

Share of
SNGs in
Public
Revenues

CAN

50,0

CHE
40,0

USA
SWE
ESP

DEU
JAP

30,0

BRA

ISL

DEN
FIN

BEL

AUS

20,0
SVK

KOR

ITA
POL
NOR

CZE

FRA
SLV

10,0

POR
NZL
LUX
GRE

HUN

GBR

IRE

NTH

0,0
0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

Share of SNGs in Public Spending

50,0

60,0

70,0
‘Mind the Gaps’ : a Tool for a Diagnosis of MLG challenges
Administrative gap

Information gap

“Mismatch” between functional areas and administrative boundaries =>
Need for instruments for reaching “effective size”
Asymmetries of information (quantity, quality, type) between different
stakeholders, either voluntary or not => Need for instruments for revealing
& sharing information

Policy gap

Sectoral fragmentation across ministries and agencies => Need for
mechanisms to create multidimensional/systemic approaches, and to
exercise political leadership and commitment.

Capacity gap

Insufficient scientific, technical, infrastructural capacity of local actors =>
Need for instruments to build capacity

Funding gap

Unstable or insufficient revenues undermining effective implementation of
responsibilities at subnational level or for crossing policies => Need for
shared financing mechanisms

Objective gap

Different rationalities creating obstacles for adopting convergent targets =>
Need for instruments to align objectives

Accountability gap

Difficulty to ensure the transparency and integrity of practices across the
different constituencies => Need for institutional quality instruments
Brazil faces multilevel governance challenges

Multi-dimensional fragmentation of policies
Sub national governments financial and political
autonomy
Institutional and administrative capacity at sub
national level

Information asymmetries, monitoring and
evaluation
Examples of existing tools for co-ordination
Co-ordinating institutions
Convenios (agreements) and pacts
Regional development agencies
Single Registry, national census, etc.
A wide range of governance mechanisms for
vertical coordination of regional development policy
Central/Federal Government
Ministerial Departments

Inter Governmental Regional Agencies Contracts
Council
(Brazil, Canada,…) (France;
(COAG, Australia)
Italy...)

Conditionalities Special Commission
( EU programming) (Delta, Netherlands)

Sub-national Governments
Whatever the type of system – federal, regionalised, unitary – there is a strong need of
coordination across levels of government
Contractual Governance: Some Findings
 Contracts among levels of government are unavoidable
(vertical interdependencies + assignment of responsibilities)

 Contracts allow a customized management of
interdependencies, useful in either unitary or federal contexts
 Evaluation conditions the appropriateness of the contract
 Contracts are tools for dialogue, for clarifying responsibilities,
for capacity building

 Bilateral commitments must be as « verifiable » as possible
 The crucial challenges of enforcement mechanisms to make
commitments credible
Towards a diagnosis of sub national capacity challenges
• Strategic planning
• Cross-sectoral, vertical and cross-jurisdictional co-ordination
• Stakeholder engagement; ex ante appraisal

Planning:
Design a portfolio
for growth

• Integrity, accountability
and risk management
• Regulatory quality
• Professional and
technical skills

Throughout:
Facilitating
achievement of
goals

Critical
Capacities
needed at all
stages of the
investment
cycle

Evaluation and
Audit:
promoting results
and learning

• Monitoring systems
• Ex post performance assessment
• Use of performance information

Finance and
Budgeting:
Ensure adequate
resources

• Multi-year
budgeting
• traditional and
innovative financing
instruments
• private-sector
engagement

Accountability:
ensure integrity
during
implementation

• Sound public procurement
systems

23
Institutions matter
1. Sub-national governments (SNGs) are
responsible for close to three-quarters
of total public investment in the OECD.
2. The quality of government (QoG) at
regional level varies within and across
countries.

3. QoG is strongly related to sub-national
human development indicators at
regional level.
4. Better QoG is also associated with
better returns to cohesion investments
in places with relatively large cohesion
expenditure.
5. The strong association between QoG
and levels of both income and
education reinforces concerns about
SNG capacity challenges.

Source: N. Charron, V. Lapuente and L. Dykstra (2012.) “Regional Governance Matters: A Study on
Regional Variation in Quality of Government within the EU” (forthcoming Regional Studies).

24
Ingredients for successful commitments, enforced on the
ground

Evaluation

Third party control

Capacity building
Implementation
of effective
contract for
regional
development

From sanction to
reputational
mechanisms
Outline
1. Key facts
2. Some policy lessons
3. Key governance challenges
4. Conclusions/recommendations
Key conditions for effective regional development
 Give to this policy high visibility and long term
commitment
 Adopt place-based policies

 Enhance the effectiveness of vertical and horizontal
co-ordination mechanisms
 Involve local actors
Recommendations
1. Brazil could develop a place based approach that
would achieve higher complementarities between
social and other sectoral policies

2. Brazil is using a lot or regional development funds to
remediate the difficult access of private enterprises to
financing. Over time, it would be better to use
regional funds for their specific purposes of investing
in soft and physical investment with regional
development targets

.../...
Recommendations (2)
3. Government should contemplate new instruments to
make sure that public funds reach lagging regions
(capacity building, technical assistance, joint projects,
etc.)
4. The OECD supports the move to complementing the
Bolsa Familia programme with related programmes for
promoting social and economic inclusiveness of the
extreme poor

5. There is a proliferation of co-ordinating bodies without
much effective co-ordination mechanisms. An
institutional streamlining is required with a clear
identification of the co-ordination gaps. The resulting
institutions should have effective instruments to
operate.
.../...
Recommendations (3)
6. The status of regional development agencies needs to
be clarified, as currently, they do not provide the coordination mechanisms that they are supposed to
deliver
7. Need to simplify and unify the administrative map of
Brazil at the intermediary level between municipalities
and states
8. Make use of the information generated by universal
programmes such as Bolsa Família (Indice de Gestão
Decentralisada)or the School Census to better target
regional policies
.../...
Recommendations (4)
9. Sustain and enlarge programmes for capacity building
at the state and municipal level. In most countries, this
is the main bottleneck for the successful
implementation of regional development policy. It
largely depends on evaluation processes.
Obrigada!

Claire.Charbit@oecd.org

32

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0
Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0
Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0OECD Governance
 
Regional Development Strategies in OECD Countries
Regional Development Strategies in OECD CountriesRegional Development Strategies in OECD Countries
Regional Development Strategies in OECD CountriesOECD Governance
 
competitiveness outlook 2016
competitiveness outlook 2016competitiveness outlook 2016
competitiveness outlook 2016Alan Paic
 
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related research
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related researchOECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related research
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related researchOECD Governance
 
Fiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBP
Fiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBPFiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBP
Fiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBPOECD Governance
 
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level Context
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level ContextSubnational Capacities in a Multi-level Context
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level ContextOECD Governance
 
Open Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre Coutinho
Open Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre CoutinhoOpen Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre Coutinho
Open Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre CoutinhoAndre Coutinho
 
Malaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivity
Malaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivityMalaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivity
Malaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivityOECD, Economics Department
 
Gerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic development
Gerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic developmentGerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic development
Gerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic developmentGerald Ogoko
 
Global governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 era
Global governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 eraGlobal governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 era
Global governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 eraDaniel Dufourt
 
Regional commissions-report
Regional commissions-reportRegional commissions-report
Regional commissions-reportDr Lendy Spires
 
Downsizing Morocco's public sector
Downsizing Morocco's public sectorDownsizing Morocco's public sector
Downsizing Morocco's public sectorMhamed Biygautane
 
Theoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon Yoon
Theoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon YoonTheoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon Yoon
Theoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon YoonJeongwon Yoon
 
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the CaribbeanOECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the CaribbeanOECD Governance
 
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The CaribbeanOECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The CaribbeanOECD Governance
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0
Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0
Promoting Growth and Rural Policy 3.0
 
Regional Development Strategies in OECD Countries
Regional Development Strategies in OECD CountriesRegional Development Strategies in OECD Countries
Regional Development Strategies in OECD Countries
 
Background paper, English, Regional Conference for Supreme Audit Institutions...
Background paper, English, Regional Conference for Supreme Audit Institutions...Background paper, English, Regional Conference for Supreme Audit Institutions...
Background paper, English, Regional Conference for Supreme Audit Institutions...
 
competitiveness outlook 2016
competitiveness outlook 2016competitiveness outlook 2016
competitiveness outlook 2016
 
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related research
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related researchOECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related research
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related research
 
Presentation by G. de Vries (English), Regional Conference for Supreme Audit...
Presentation by G. de Vries  (English), Regional Conference for Supreme Audit...Presentation by G. de Vries  (English), Regional Conference for Supreme Audit...
Presentation by G. de Vries (English), Regional Conference for Supreme Audit...
 
Unw are we fit for the SDGs
Unw are we fit for the SDGsUnw are we fit for the SDGs
Unw are we fit for the SDGs
 
Fiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBP
Fiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBPFiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBP
Fiscal transparency: what does it mean today? - Elena Mondo, IBP
 
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level Context
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level ContextSubnational Capacities in a Multi-level Context
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level Context
 
Open Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre Coutinho
Open Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre CoutinhoOpen Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre Coutinho
Open Government - Gov.With.You - by Andre Coutinho
 
Malaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivity
Malaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivityMalaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivity
Malaysia 2016 OECD Economic Survey fostering inclusive productivity
 
Gerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic development
Gerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic developmentGerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic development
Gerald ogoko socio-economic structures & economic development
 
How's Life 2017 - Key Findings
How's Life 2017 - Key FindingsHow's Life 2017 - Key Findings
How's Life 2017 - Key Findings
 
Global governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 era
Global governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 eraGlobal governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 era
Global governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 era
 
Regional commissions-report
Regional commissions-reportRegional commissions-report
Regional commissions-report
 
Downsizing Morocco's public sector
Downsizing Morocco's public sectorDownsizing Morocco's public sector
Downsizing Morocco's public sector
 
Theoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon Yoon
Theoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon YoonTheoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon Yoon
Theoretical Background of NIAT written by Jeongwon Yoon
 
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the CaribbeanOECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & the Caribbean
 
The myth of high income nation
The myth of high income nationThe myth of high income nation
The myth of high income nation
 
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The CaribbeanOECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The Caribbean
OECD Network on Open & Innovative Government in Latin America & The Caribbean
 

Destacado

Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013
Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013
Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013tobygreen
 
Rin detergent case analysis group 10
Rin detergent case analysis group 10Rin detergent case analysis group 10
Rin detergent case analysis group 10Vinamra Sangal
 
a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and Diversification
 a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and Diversification a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and Diversification
a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and DiversificationMARAM SRAVAN KUMAR
 
Dulhasti Power Plant Case Study
Dulhasti Power Plant Case StudyDulhasti Power Plant Case Study
Dulhasti Power Plant Case StudyKarthik Murali
 
Positioning RIN case study pakistan
Positioning   RIN case study pakistanPositioning   RIN case study pakistan
Positioning RIN case study pakistanArmanYousaf
 
1 introduction and oecd
1   introduction and oecd1   introduction and oecd
1 introduction and oecdBatuhan
 
United-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentation
United-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentationUnited-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentation
United-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentationOECD, Economics Department
 
Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016
Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016
Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016OECD, Economics Department
 

Destacado (9)

Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013
Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013
Freemium publishing - OECD case study. SSP 2013
 
Rin detergent case analysis group 10
Rin detergent case analysis group 10Rin detergent case analysis group 10
Rin detergent case analysis group 10
 
a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and Diversification
 a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and Diversification a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and Diversification
a Case study on A V Birla Group - Legacy of Free Enterprise and Diversification
 
Dulhasti Power Plant Case Study
Dulhasti Power Plant Case StudyDulhasti Power Plant Case Study
Dulhasti Power Plant Case Study
 
Positioning RIN case study pakistan
Positioning   RIN case study pakistanPositioning   RIN case study pakistan
Positioning RIN case study pakistan
 
United kingdom-compared-to-oecd-economies
United kingdom-compared-to-oecd-economiesUnited kingdom-compared-to-oecd-economies
United kingdom-compared-to-oecd-economies
 
1 introduction and oecd
1   introduction and oecd1   introduction and oecd
1 introduction and oecd
 
United-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentation
United-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentationUnited-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentation
United-kingdom-unleashing-productivity-oecd-main-findings-presentation
 
Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016
Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016
Economic consequences of brexit OECD April 2016
 

Similar a OECD Study on Regional Development in Brazil / Claire Charbit Deputy Head of the Regional Development Policy Division Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development OECD

William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?
William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?
William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?GIZ Moldova
 
Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...
Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...
Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...EUROsociAL II
 
What is regional development policy for and how does it work
What is regional development policy for and how does it workWhat is regional development policy for and how does it work
What is regional development policy for and how does it workOECD Governance
 
Added value-multi-level-governance
Added value-multi-level-governanceAdded value-multi-level-governance
Added value-multi-level-governanceOECD Governance
 
DDC Emerging paradigms
DDC Emerging paradigmsDDC Emerging paradigms
DDC Emerging paradigmsOECDregions
 
Emerging paradigms in Decentralised Development Cooperation
Emerging paradigms in Decentralised Development CooperationEmerging paradigms in Decentralised Development Cooperation
Emerging paradigms in Decentralised Development CooperationOECDregions
 
Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...
Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...
Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...OECDregions
 
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governments
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governmentsOffical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governments
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governmentsOECDregions
 
Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...
Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...
Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...EUROsociAL II
 
Emerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flows
Emerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flowsEmerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flows
Emerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flowsOECDregions
 
Policy Research Report 2014
Policy Research Report 2014Policy Research Report 2014
Policy Research Report 2014WB_Research
 
An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018
An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018
An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018OECD, Economics Department
 
Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...
Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...
Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...OECD, Economics Department
 
Regional development policy in OECD countries
Regional development policy in OECD countriesRegional development policy in OECD countries
Regional development policy in OECD countriesOECDregions
 
Inclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECD
Inclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECDInclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECD
Inclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECDOECD Governance
 
D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2
D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2
D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2OECD Governance
 
Rural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growthRural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growthOECD Governance
 
Rural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growthRural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growthOECD Governance
 
Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0
Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0
Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0Jorge Fernandez
 

Similar a OECD Study on Regional Development in Brazil / Claire Charbit Deputy Head of the Regional Development Policy Division Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development OECD (20)

William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?
William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?
William Tompson - What is regional development about and when does it work?
 
Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...
Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...
Evidence - Based Regional Policy: Lessons and Challenges / Duarte Rodrigues C...
 
What is regional development policy for and how does it work
What is regional development policy for and how does it workWhat is regional development policy for and how does it work
What is regional development policy for and how does it work
 
Added value-multi-level-governance
Added value-multi-level-governanceAdded value-multi-level-governance
Added value-multi-level-governance
 
DDC Emerging paradigms
DDC Emerging paradigmsDDC Emerging paradigms
DDC Emerging paradigms
 
Emerging paradigms in Decentralised Development Cooperation
Emerging paradigms in Decentralised Development CooperationEmerging paradigms in Decentralised Development Cooperation
Emerging paradigms in Decentralised Development Cooperation
 
Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...
Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...
Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...
 
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governments
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governmentsOffical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governments
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governments
 
Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...
Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...
Innovation and Territorial Development: anything new under the sun? Reflectio...
 
Emerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flows
Emerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flowsEmerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flows
Emerging paradigms in DDC: Going beyond financial flows
 
Policy Research Report 2014
Policy Research Report 2014Policy Research Report 2014
Policy Research Report 2014
 
An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018
An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018
An opportunity that governments should not miss OECD Going for Growth 2018
 
OECD Skills Strategy Luxembourg
OECD Skills Strategy LuxembourgOECD Skills Strategy Luxembourg
OECD Skills Strategy Luxembourg
 
Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...
Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...
Laying the foundations for stronger and more inclusive growth OECD economic s...
 
Regional development policy in OECD countries
Regional development policy in OECD countriesRegional development policy in OECD countries
Regional development policy in OECD countries
 
Inclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECD
Inclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECDInclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECD
Inclusive growth: the role of budgetary governance - Luiz de Mello, OECD
 
D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2
D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2
D2 am-s4 - luiz de mello - oecd - rev2
 
Rural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growthRural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growth
 
Rural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growthRural innovation-and-growth
Rural innovation-and-growth
 
Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0
Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0
Nokia Corporate Responsibility 1.0
 

Más de EUROsociAL II

Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...
Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...
Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...EUROsociAL II
 
Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...
Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...
Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...EUROsociAL II
 
Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...
Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...
Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...EUROsociAL II
 
El Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero Tabossi
El Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero TabossiEl Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero Tabossi
El Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero TabossiEUROsociAL II
 
Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...
Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...
Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...EUROsociAL II
 
Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...
Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...
Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...EUROsociAL II
 
Institucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca Lázaro
Institucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca LázaroInstitucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca Lázaro
Institucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca LázaroEUROsociAL II
 
QUADRO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUADRO / Paloma Baquero DancausaQUADRO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUADRO / Paloma Baquero DancausaEUROsociAL II
 
Microsimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva García
Microsimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva GarcíaMicrosimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva García
Microsimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva GarcíaEUROsociAL II
 
Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...
Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...
Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...EUROsociAL II
 
Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...
Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...
Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...EUROsociAL II
 
Sistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García RepettoSistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García RepettoEUROsociAL II
 
Sistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García RepettoSistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García RepettoEUROsociAL II
 
Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...
Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...
Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...EUROsociAL II
 
PGEnet / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
PGEnet / Paloma Baquero DancausaPGEnet / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
PGEnet / Paloma Baquero DancausaEUROsociAL II
 
ADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
ADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero DancausaADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
ADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero DancausaEUROsociAL II
 
QUANTO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUANTO / Paloma Baquero DancausaQUANTO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUANTO / Paloma Baquero DancausaEUROsociAL II
 
Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...
Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...
Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...EUROsociAL II
 
Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...
Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...
Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...EUROsociAL II
 
Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...
Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...
Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...EUROsociAL II
 

Más de EUROsociAL II (20)

Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...
Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...
Resultados Piloto Acreditación de la Calidad Regionales Atlántico y Nariño Co...
 
Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...
Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...
Transición Escuela - Trabajo: Propuesta de Plan de Acción para Mejorar el Niv...
 
Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...
Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...
Identificación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo regional / Raffaele Co...
 
El Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero Tabossi
El Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero TabossiEl Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero Tabossi
El Programa EUROsociAL en México / Ruggero Tabossi
 
Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...
Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...
Procesos de profesionalización. Programas Sociales del MIDES: PASC, Cercanías...
 
Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...
Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...
Avances y Desafíos para la Evaluación: la experiencia de la Dirección de Gest...
 
Institucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca Lázaro
Institucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca LázaroInstitucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca Lázaro
Institucionalización de la evaluación de políticas públicas / Blanca Lázaro
 
QUADRO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUADRO / Paloma Baquero DancausaQUADRO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUADRO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
 
Microsimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva García
Microsimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva GarcíaMicrosimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva García
Microsimulador de IRPF / Jaime Villanueva García
 
Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...
Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...
Modelos de Simulación de Impuestos y Prestaciones (Tax - Benefit): EUROMOD / ...
 
Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...
Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...
Herramientas de apoyo para la Elaboración y Análisis del Presupuesto: Microsi...
 
Sistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García RepettoSistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Gestión Presupuestaria Sorolla2 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
 
Sistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García RepettoSistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
Sistema Información Contable SIC3 / Pedro Luis García Repetto
 
Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...
Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...
Gestión de la Inversión Pública. Planes de Inversión Pública y su Presupuesta...
 
PGEnet / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
PGEnet / Paloma Baquero DancausaPGEnet / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
PGEnet / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
 
ADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
ADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero DancausaADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
ADENDA Inversiones / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
 
QUANTO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUANTO / Paloma Baquero DancausaQUANTO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
QUANTO / Paloma Baquero Dancausa
 
Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...
Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...
Proceso de Toma de Decisiones para la Distribución de los recursos y su Proye...
 
Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...
Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...
Inventario de Información y Consulta de Información Individual: Sistemas auto...
 
Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...
Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...
Elementos Esenciales para efectuar la Seleccion y Comprobacion / Javier Berro...
 

OECD Study on Regional Development in Brazil / Claire Charbit Deputy Head of the Regional Development Policy Division Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development OECD

  • 1. OECD Study on Regional Development in Brazil Claire Charbit Deputy Head of the Regional Development Policy Division Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development OECD SEMINÁRIO INTERNACIONAL POLÍTICA REGIONAL NO CONTEXTO GLOBAL: SITUAÇÃO ATUAL E PERSPECTIVAS Brasilia, 19th March 2013
  • 2. OECD Territorial Reviews: A series of case studies of Regional Development Policy for Inclusive Growth Among 34 member countries and non member :  18 National Territorial Reviews ( +2 in process)  22 Metropolitan Reviews (+1 in process)  2 National Urban Policy Reviews (+1 in process)  6 Regional reviews (+2 in process)  5 review s on regional innovation systems Conceptual framework: 1. 9+2 National rural Policy Reviews(+1 in process) Diagnosis and assessment (Chapter 1) Why? Measure sub-national trends Identify key strengths and bottlenecks for growth 2. Review of policy instruments (Chapter 2)   Are current policies adequate for addressing strengths and weakness? Identify areas of improvement 3. Multilevel governance (Chapter 3)   Identify implementation issues and mechanisms for bridging governance gaps What? How? 2
  • 3. Outline 1. Key facts 2. Some policy lessons 3. Key governance challenges 4. Conclusions/recommendations
  • 4. Despite Brazil’s high levels of concentration in GDP and population … Geographic concentration index of GDP and population (TL2), 2007 Brazil Sweden Iceland Canada Finland Greece United States Australia Mexico Turkey Japan Spain Norway Korea Portugal Hungary OECD average New Zealand United Kingdom France Belgium Denmark Austria Ireland Germany Czech Republic Italy Netherlands Slovak Republic Poland 61.7 54.2 49.5 47.2 47.2 47.0 46.5 46.0 45.0 44.4 43.9 43.4 41.8 41.1 40.5 39.7 38.5 35.8 34.7 34.5 31.9 31.3 29.9 29.7 27.9 27.6 26.1 25.8 25.7 24.1 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 Index of geographic concentration of GDP (TL2) 60.0 70.0 Iceland Sweden Brazil Canada Australia United States Finland Mexico Korea Japan Spain Norway Portugal Greece New Zealand OECD average United Kingdom Turkey France Denmark Germany Austria Belgium Netherlands Switzerland Hungary Ireland Italy Czech Republic Poland Slovak Republic 62.0 52.2 52.0 47.6 47.1 44.4 42.6 41.1 40.9 39.1 37.9 37.6 36.9 33.3 33.2 33.0 31.5 30.5 26.9 24.1 24.0 23.6 22.8 22.2 21.9 21.4 20.8 20.4 16.4 16.3 11.1 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Index of geographic concentration of population (TL2) Concentration index of GDP Concentration index of population 64 62 60 58 … concentration has been decreasing over the past decades 56 54 52 50 1980 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 4 2008
  • 5. Despite the recent decline in territorial disparities… …in catching-up economies inequality is high and it tends to rise due to the presence of growth poles… …in Brazil however it is an exception… Brazil (TL2) 0.33 0.32 0.31 Territorial disparities in GDP per capita among TL2) regions, 2010 Mexico Brazil Turkey Hungary Czech Republic Finland Canada Italy United States Germany OECD 21 average Portugal United Kingdom Poland New Zealand Norway Australia Austria Spain Sweden Korea France Japan 0.34 0.30 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.06 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.29 Gini idex of GDP per capita (TL2) 0.28 0.27 0.26 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 0.25 … they still remain high in Brazil
  • 6. Most unsatisfied needs are concentrated in lagging regions 1. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. Note: This map is for illustrative purposes and is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory covered by this map. 2. This map is for illustrative purposes and is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory covered by this map. Source: Calculations based on data provided by (1) IBGE, (2) Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Estados and (3) CEPAL/ PNUD/OIT (2008) Emprego, desenvolvimento humano e trabalho decente: a experiencia brasileira recente.
  • 7. Catching up has been driven mainly by advances in resource-intensive regions
  • 8. Despite Brazil’s faster overall growth … Growth in GDP per capita among types of TL3 regions, 1995-2007 Predominantly rural Intermediate Predominantly urban Brazil 4.64% 3.14% 1.58% OECD 2.31% 1.88% 1.93% …urban regions have performed below their potential, recording a lower rate of growth than the average for OECD urban regions
  • 9. Policies that aim to tap the growth potential of all types of regions is an important source of aggregate growth 17% 16% Sao Paulo 15% 14% 13% Contribution toOECD growth 12% 11% 10% Two thirds of national growth comes from intermediate (32%) and rural regions (37%)… 9% 8% 7% 6% Federal Dist. 5% Rio de Janeiro Belo Horizonte Curitiba 4% 3% 2% y = 0.4664x-1.275 1% 0% TL3 regions TL2 regions This will require a differentiated approach, capable of adapting to the different needs and challenges of regions
  • 10. Outline 1. Key facts 2. Some policy lessons 3. Key governance challenges 4. Conclusions/recommendations
  • 11. Isolated sectoral action may have unintended outcomes (example) Brain drain with labour mobility Human capital formation Policy responses Persistence of inequality 11
  • 12. A combination of policies is necessary Sustainable poverty reduction requires creating local jobs and growth Different policies have complementarities: ex infrastructure + economic +social dimensions – Need to co-ordinate policies – Important to target the relevant scale Regional development policy could reinforce the impact of social policies such as Bolsa Familia
  • 13. Paradigm shift in regional policies Traditional Regional Policies New Paradigm Objectives Balancing economic performances by temporary compensating for disparities Tapping under-utilised regional potential for competitiveness Strategies Sectoral approach Integrated development projects Tools Subsidies and state aid Soft and hard infrastructures Actors Central government Different levels of government Unit of analysis Administrative regions Functional regions Redistributing from leading to lagging regions Building competitive regions by bringing actors together and targeting key local assets
  • 14. Resources for regional development are soaring, but target mainly private firms Resources for Regional Development (R$ million) 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 FNE FCO FNO Tax exemptions SUDAM Tax exemptions SUDENE Tax exemptions AFRMM SUDAM Tax exemptions AFRMM SUDENE Source: Sistema de Informações Geranciais dos Fundos Constitucionais de Financiamento (2000-09); IRPJ e IOF-Coordenação-Geral de Estudos Econômicos-Tributários – COGET/Receita Federal; Relatório de Execução Territórios da Cidadania Matriz 2008 and Relatório de Execução Plano de Execução 2009 Territories of Citizenship. 2009
  • 15. Public investment and BNDES funds still face difficulties reaching lagging regions Regional allocation of PAC investments (2007-10) Northern region 7% Federal district 1% Southern region 8% Regional allocation of lending by BNDES in 2010 Northern region Northeast 7% region 10% Centre-west region 7% Northeast region 19% Centre-west region 7% Southeast region 60% Source: Relatórios Estaduais. Totals for four years, 2007-10. Southern region 18% Southeast region 58% Source: BNDES website, www.bndes.gov.br.
  • 16. Outline 1. Key facts 2. Some policy lessons 3. Key governance challenges 4. Conclusions/recommendations
  • 17. Brazil is among the most decentralised countries both in revenue and spending allocations 60,0 Share of SNGs in Public Revenues CAN 50,0 CHE 40,0 USA SWE ESP DEU JAP 30,0 BRA ISL DEN FIN BEL AUS 20,0 SVK KOR ITA POL NOR CZE FRA SLV 10,0 POR NZL LUX GRE HUN GBR IRE NTH 0,0 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 Share of SNGs in Public Spending 50,0 60,0 70,0
  • 18. ‘Mind the Gaps’ : a Tool for a Diagnosis of MLG challenges Administrative gap Information gap “Mismatch” between functional areas and administrative boundaries => Need for instruments for reaching “effective size” Asymmetries of information (quantity, quality, type) between different stakeholders, either voluntary or not => Need for instruments for revealing & sharing information Policy gap Sectoral fragmentation across ministries and agencies => Need for mechanisms to create multidimensional/systemic approaches, and to exercise political leadership and commitment. Capacity gap Insufficient scientific, technical, infrastructural capacity of local actors => Need for instruments to build capacity Funding gap Unstable or insufficient revenues undermining effective implementation of responsibilities at subnational level or for crossing policies => Need for shared financing mechanisms Objective gap Different rationalities creating obstacles for adopting convergent targets => Need for instruments to align objectives Accountability gap Difficulty to ensure the transparency and integrity of practices across the different constituencies => Need for institutional quality instruments
  • 19. Brazil faces multilevel governance challenges Multi-dimensional fragmentation of policies Sub national governments financial and political autonomy Institutional and administrative capacity at sub national level Information asymmetries, monitoring and evaluation
  • 20. Examples of existing tools for co-ordination Co-ordinating institutions Convenios (agreements) and pacts Regional development agencies Single Registry, national census, etc.
  • 21. A wide range of governance mechanisms for vertical coordination of regional development policy Central/Federal Government Ministerial Departments Inter Governmental Regional Agencies Contracts Council (Brazil, Canada,…) (France; (COAG, Australia) Italy...) Conditionalities Special Commission ( EU programming) (Delta, Netherlands) Sub-national Governments Whatever the type of system – federal, regionalised, unitary – there is a strong need of coordination across levels of government
  • 22. Contractual Governance: Some Findings  Contracts among levels of government are unavoidable (vertical interdependencies + assignment of responsibilities)  Contracts allow a customized management of interdependencies, useful in either unitary or federal contexts  Evaluation conditions the appropriateness of the contract  Contracts are tools for dialogue, for clarifying responsibilities, for capacity building  Bilateral commitments must be as « verifiable » as possible  The crucial challenges of enforcement mechanisms to make commitments credible
  • 23. Towards a diagnosis of sub national capacity challenges • Strategic planning • Cross-sectoral, vertical and cross-jurisdictional co-ordination • Stakeholder engagement; ex ante appraisal Planning: Design a portfolio for growth • Integrity, accountability and risk management • Regulatory quality • Professional and technical skills Throughout: Facilitating achievement of goals Critical Capacities needed at all stages of the investment cycle Evaluation and Audit: promoting results and learning • Monitoring systems • Ex post performance assessment • Use of performance information Finance and Budgeting: Ensure adequate resources • Multi-year budgeting • traditional and innovative financing instruments • private-sector engagement Accountability: ensure integrity during implementation • Sound public procurement systems 23
  • 24. Institutions matter 1. Sub-national governments (SNGs) are responsible for close to three-quarters of total public investment in the OECD. 2. The quality of government (QoG) at regional level varies within and across countries. 3. QoG is strongly related to sub-national human development indicators at regional level. 4. Better QoG is also associated with better returns to cohesion investments in places with relatively large cohesion expenditure. 5. The strong association between QoG and levels of both income and education reinforces concerns about SNG capacity challenges. Source: N. Charron, V. Lapuente and L. Dykstra (2012.) “Regional Governance Matters: A Study on Regional Variation in Quality of Government within the EU” (forthcoming Regional Studies). 24
  • 25. Ingredients for successful commitments, enforced on the ground Evaluation Third party control Capacity building Implementation of effective contract for regional development From sanction to reputational mechanisms
  • 26. Outline 1. Key facts 2. Some policy lessons 3. Key governance challenges 4. Conclusions/recommendations
  • 27. Key conditions for effective regional development  Give to this policy high visibility and long term commitment  Adopt place-based policies  Enhance the effectiveness of vertical and horizontal co-ordination mechanisms  Involve local actors
  • 28. Recommendations 1. Brazil could develop a place based approach that would achieve higher complementarities between social and other sectoral policies 2. Brazil is using a lot or regional development funds to remediate the difficult access of private enterprises to financing. Over time, it would be better to use regional funds for their specific purposes of investing in soft and physical investment with regional development targets .../...
  • 29. Recommendations (2) 3. Government should contemplate new instruments to make sure that public funds reach lagging regions (capacity building, technical assistance, joint projects, etc.) 4. The OECD supports the move to complementing the Bolsa Familia programme with related programmes for promoting social and economic inclusiveness of the extreme poor 5. There is a proliferation of co-ordinating bodies without much effective co-ordination mechanisms. An institutional streamlining is required with a clear identification of the co-ordination gaps. The resulting institutions should have effective instruments to operate. .../...
  • 30. Recommendations (3) 6. The status of regional development agencies needs to be clarified, as currently, they do not provide the coordination mechanisms that they are supposed to deliver 7. Need to simplify and unify the administrative map of Brazil at the intermediary level between municipalities and states 8. Make use of the information generated by universal programmes such as Bolsa Família (Indice de Gestão Decentralisada)or the School Census to better target regional policies .../...
  • 31. Recommendations (4) 9. Sustain and enlarge programmes for capacity building at the state and municipal level. In most countries, this is the main bottleneck for the successful implementation of regional development policy. It largely depends on evaluation processes.