This document discusses lighting technologies including LEDs, OLEDs, and controls. It notes that troffers are a common fixture type that contribute significantly to energy use. There are many LED retrofit options for troffers, including LED tubes that can work with existing ballasts, retrofit kits, and new luminaires. Controls can provide additional energy savings when paired with LEDs. OLED technology is also discussed as an emerging lighting option.

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Lighting Update
LEDs, OLEDs, and Controls
Senior Advisor, E Source
E Source Forum 2014
September 29–October 2, 2014
Ira Krepchin

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Troffers Are Ubiquitous
The most common fixture:
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Operate 10.5 hours/day
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Draw 25 to 113 watts
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Contribute to peak load
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42 percent of lighting energy
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Converting all to LEDs saves the equivalent of 27 million homes
Source: US Department of Energy (DOE), http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/caliper_21_t8.pdf
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Lots of LED Troffer Choices
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Tubes
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Use existing ballasts
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Tubular kits
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Tubes and drivers
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Bypass ballasts
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Driver may be internal or external
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May or may not use existing sockets
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Retrofit kits
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Use existing housing; may include lenses
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Luminaires
Source: LIthonia

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LED Tubes, Existing Ballast
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Pros
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Lowest-cost LED
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Easy to install; no rewiring
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Considerations
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Persistence
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Life and efficacy similar to HP T8s
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Need to confirm ballast compatibility and light distribution
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Ballast life and losses
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Check condition of lenses or louvers
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Thermal management challenges
Source: Cree

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Tubular Retrofit Kits
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Pros
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Moderately easy to install
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Less expensive than troffers and full kits
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Considerations
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Life and efficacy similar to HP T8s
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Installation requires electrician
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Need to check light distribution
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Check condition of lenses or louvers
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Apply labels to inform maintenance
Source: Cree

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LED Retrofit Kits
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Pros
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More efficient than HP T8s
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Optics designed for LEDs
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Easier to install than full troffers
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Considerations
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More costly than HP T8s, LED tubes
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Need to verify physical fit and light distribution
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Ensure UL is preserved
Source: LG Electronics

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LED Luminaires
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Pros
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Most efficient
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Luminaires designed for LEDs
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Opportunity for redesign of lighting layout; improved quality
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Longest warranties
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Considerations
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Most expensive
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Look for modularity
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Products should be UL listed

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DOE Recommendations for LED Tubes
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Findings from the recent DOE study on LED Linear Lamps and Troffer Lighting:
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Choose carefully: good and bad products out there
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Tube performance will vary with fixture type
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Consider retrofit kits and high-performance fluorescents
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LED T8s may be cost effective: high electricity rates, long hours, low installation costs
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Do a mock-up or pilot

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Lookin’ for Tubes in All the Wrong Places?
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Acrylic lens: good chance
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High-performance troffer: fairly good chance
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Volumetric troffer: good chance
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Parabolic louver: marginal
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Recessed indirect: no

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LED Tubes Are Getting Better, But…
Metric
High-performance T8
Philips InstantFit LED
Cree T8 series
LG retrofit kit
CRI
80s (R9~10)
85 (R9~20)
90 (R9~50)
82
Life (hours)
24,000 to 75,000
40,000
50,000
50,000
Efficacy (lm/W)
98
100 (95 to 116)
100
130
Cost ($)
5
24 to 39
30
130 to 175
Dimmable
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Ballast compatibility
All
IS; some PS; no dimming (yet)
90% of IS; PS; dimmable
NA
Notes: LEDs and fluorescents use different definitions of “life. CRI = color rendering index; IS = instant start; lm = lumens; NA = not applicable; PS = programmed start; W = watt.
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LED Troffer References
LED Applications: Tubes and Troffers, E Source, TAS-RB-79 (2014)
LED Linear Lamps and Troffer Lighting, US Department of Energy (2014)
Tubular LED Guide (PDF), Sacramento Municipal Utility District (2014)
A Guide to LED Retrofit Options for Linear Fluorescent Luminaires, California Lighting Technology Center (2014)

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Prescriptive Rebates for LED Tubes
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From E Source DSMdat
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8 prescriptive programs for LED tubes
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Rebate per tube: $4 to $10; some give more for T12
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All tubes/fixture $18 to $90 for 4-lamp
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Requirements
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DesignLights Consortium listing
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Same lumen output and distribution
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Labels must be displayed
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Save more than 25 percent for T8 and more than 50 percent for T12
Source: Philips

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Natural Allies: LEDs and Controls
LEDs are easier to control than high-intensity discharge (HID) or fluorescent
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Instant response
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Insensitive to frequent on/off cycling
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Easy to dim; dimming may increase lamp life
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Check for compatibility; there have been some problems with incandescent dimming
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Can change color temperature
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Mimic incandescent dimming
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Health and productivity impacts

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LED High-Bay Case Study: Ace Hardware
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Project with Pacific Gas and Electric, the Emerging Technologies Coordinating Council, and Digital Lumens
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Baseline: metal halide; no automatic controls
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Installed: intelligent LED fixtures
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Networked, software, sensors, wireless communications
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93 percent energy savings (50 percent light source, 43 percent controls)
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3.6-year payback
Source: Digital Lumens

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Challenges with Controls
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State of the art
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Advanced controls: sensors, graphical user interfaces (GUIs), flexible grouping, networked; Required by 90.1, Title 24, LEED
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Marginal use (for example, less than 0.5 percent in northeast utility programs)
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Challenges: many systems still don’t work right
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Lack of electrician training
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Poor documentation
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Lack of standards
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Hard to predict savings
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Harder to justify because LEDs reduce energy to lower levels to begin with

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Moving Forward with Controls
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Green Light New York: 25 percent could use daylight; working with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on some demos; www.greenlightny.org
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Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships: Commercial Advanced Lighting Controls (CALC) Initiative
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Education
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Program offerings
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Savings calculator
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Qualified products list
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Demonstration projects

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Smart Bulbs, Smart Apps
Q: How do you make a profit with a bulb that lasts a lifetime? A: Make it a consumer electronics item or a service
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Smart bulbs
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For example, hue from Philips: iPhone control, networked, color- changing, lots of applications
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Demand-response applications?
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Others: GE, Osram with Comcast, GreenWave Reality, Lumen Bluetooth, Bluetooth Bulb, LIFX, TCP
Source: Philips

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Philips hue
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVGDckDhXEM

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OLED Are Coming
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Organic LED (OLED) features:
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Thin, flat, flexible, diffuse
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New possibilities: wearable lights, illuminated wallpaper
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A few years behind LEDs
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The US Department of Energy reports prototype at 131 lm/w, L50 = 55,000 hours
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Osram prediction
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Mainstream for autos within 2 years
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Performance parity by 2016
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Price parity by 2020
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Market report—$6.7 billion by 2023
Source: Acuity

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Source: Acuity
OLEDs Set the Mood

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Source: Acuity
OLEDs Are Friendly

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Source: LG Display
OLEDs Are Flexible

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Ira Krepchin
Senior Advisor, E Source
617-739-6723 ira_krepchin@esource.com
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