1. Edgardo J. Arroyo, Ph.D.
Associate Research Scientist, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine
VA CT HealthCare System
Center for Neuroscience Research and Regeneration •
Yale University School of Medicine
950 Campbell Av.
Bldg 34, Rm 125
West Haven, CT 06516
T 203-932-5711x3664
edgardo.arroyo@yale.edu
278 Main St. Apt F201
West Haven, CT 06516
T 267-259-0252
OBJECTIVES:
 To apply my knowledge, skills and techniques in the study ofmyelin and research and to analyze results
obtained through immunohistochemical, biochemical and molecular biological methods. Complement this
knowledge with stemcell and pain research to elucidate development, regeneration, functional and
mechanistic processes to paint a more complete picture of how neurons and othercells interact.
 To elucidate and visualize the cellular mechanisms, microanatomy of the neuron, and its interactions in the
central/peripheral nervous systems and provide a better understanding on different models of development,
regeneration, neurodegenerative disease and injury.
EXPERIENCE:
Associate Research Scientist,Yale University School of Medicine/VA CT Healthcare System * Center for
Neuroscience Research and Regeneration, New Haven, CT — January 2009 – Present
Reporting to Jeffery D. Kocsis, Ph. D., Vice-Chairman, Center for Neuroscience Research and Regeneration
 Studied the effects of spinal cord contusion in the population of spinal motor neurons of African green
monkeys, in collaboration with Dr. Masanori Sasaki. Used confocal microscopy to image the
5HT(serotonin) raphe spinal tract on dissected spinal cords after Dr. Sasaki performed a hemisection lesion
in the spinal cord. Determined that, below the hemisection lesion, the ipsilesional 5HT synapses showan
increase around the ventral motor neurons that might explain the limited recovery in mobility of chronically
hemisected monkeys at different timepoints. Showed that treatment with 5HT agonists and antagonists
affected the monkey’s motor behavior by measured performance of different hand tasks with or without
such treatment.
 Used immunohistochemistry, multiphoton microscopy and biochemistry to elucidate the effects that i.v.
transplantation of mesenchymal stemcells (MSCs) have on the reported degeneration of the spinal cord
around a contusion lesion and on the effect that they have on the proper formation of the neurovascularunit.
Assayed TSG-6 as a possible molecule released by MSCs that may have positive effects on the recovery of
MSC transplanted animals. Performed through magnetofection of the TSG-6 sRNA’s into MSCs and
western blot of magnetofected cells that the TSG-6 silencing gene can affect MSCs TSG-6 production.
Research performed in collaboration with Dr. Takashi Matsushita.
 Studied the effects that anti-NGF antibody i.v. injections in the rat might have on populations of DRG
neurons in a sciatic crush nerve injury model. Pseudo-stereologically determined that the treatment of anti-
NGF in these rats did not have any detectable effect on the DRGs neuronal population. DRGs were stained
through the injection of Fluorogold into the ankle and imaged confocally. Research performed in
collaboration with Dr. Karen Lankford.
 Used confocal microscopy to image Nav1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 sodium channels. Determined their protein
expression through western Blotting. Confocally localized each channelafter sciatic nerve ligation and
keratinocyte engraftment in the L4/L5 Dorsal Root Ganglion of athymic nude rats. Determined that there is
an increase in the DRGs Nav1.7 expression into ligated nerves and that Nav1.7 localization at small nodes of
Ranvier (~1um) increases after sciatic nerve ligation.
Research Investigator, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA — April 2006 – August 2008
Reporting to M. Sean Grady, M.D. Ph D., Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery
 Performed design-based stereology on samples of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that express green fluorescent
protein GFP driven by an inhibitory neuron marker gene (GAD67). This experiment helped to determine
how TBI affects the inhibitory population and to explain some of the effects that TBI might have after injury
in the hippocampal circuitry and on mouse behavior.
 Worked in collaboration with Dr. Jeffrey Cole and Dr. Akiva Cohen to determine the mechanisms by which
the generation of the neurotransmitters (NTs) GABA and glutamate are altered after TBI by purification of
these NTs from mouse hippocampi.

2. Edgardo J. Arroyo
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Research Associate, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA — July 2003 - March 2006
Reporting to Steven S. Scherer, MD PhD, William N. Kelley Professor, Department of Neurology
 Established the importance of the glial sheath (myelin) in determining the location of axonal molecules
around the node of Ranvier through axo-glial interactions, and how this relationship and the molecular
architecture of the node changes after microinjection of a demyelinating agent.
 Authored and co-authored articles and book chapters regarding the molecular architecture of the myelin
sheath in the central and peripheral nervous sytem. Presented work at neuroscience events regarding research
projects (see bibliography).
 Successfully performed microinjections on rodents nerves with the demyelinating agent, lysolecithin.
Confocally analyzed these nerves to discern how the axonal architecture changes after demyelination.
 Instructed/managed staff and students on severalmicroscopy and histology techniques including:
confocal/fluorescent microscopy, image deconvolution,electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.
Showed staff and students howto employ these techniques on various research projects. During the
instruction process,became knowledgeable with other techniques such as FRAP, FLIP, FRET and ELISA.
 Organized and judged two contests in scientific imaging held by the David Mahoney Institute of
Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania.
Post-Doctoral Fellow, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA — February 1999 - June 2003
 Determined how in genetic models of demyelination the axonal molecules that make up the
electrophysiologically active node of Ranvier become affected in the PNS and CNS.
 Characterized the presence and localization of various sodium channel isoforms (NaV1.2, NaV1.6 and NaV1.8)
in specific portions of the spinal cord using biochemistry and immunofluorescence.
 Identified changes in the internodal organization of axolemmal associated proteins in the PNS vs.the CNS at
the ventral root entry zone in the rodent spinal cord.
Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA - 1991-1999
“The Role of the Transcription Factor Tst-1/SCIP/Oct-6 During Schwann Cell Development”
 Analyzed and determined by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, luminometric assays ,and,survival
surgery the moment in myelinating Schwann cell development that it expresses the POU domain transcription
factor, tst-1/oct-6/SCIP, in the rat sciatic nerve and during its regeneration after injury.
SKILLS:
Histology
Nerve Histology, Histochemistry, Cryostat Sectioning, Paraffin Sectioning, Ultramicrotome sectioning, Rodent CNS
& PNS dissection,rodent stereotaxic surgery, Microinjection of nervous tissue,Animal Husbandry
Microscopy
Immunohistochemistry, Confocal microscopy (Leica True Confocal System/Leica TCS SP2), Transmission Electron
Microscopy (Zeiss EM-B), Leica Fluorescence Microscopy, Openlab image acquisition, Openlab image
deconvolution,Visiopharm Stereology, Nikon Elements Multiphoton Microscopy V4.3, Zeiss LSM510 Confocal
Microscopy.
Molecular and Cellular
SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, Monoclonal antibody and Polyclonal antibody production, Library screening,
Mammalian Cell Transfection, Cell Culture, DNA Sequencing, Northern Blotting, Southern Blotting, PCR,
Prepurification of cell products for NMR.
Computer
Expert at various computer applications used for the publication and presentation of data in different formats plus
can learn and manage other applications as needed. Examples:
General Computing - Macintosh & PC, Adobe Photoshop,Adobe Illustrator, Deneba Canvas, Microsoft Office
Suite, Endnote, FileMaker Pro, NIH Image.

3. Edgardo J. Arroyo
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RESEARCH FOCUS:
 My research has been mainly focused on the different aspects ofthe formation of the myelin sheath around
the axon; from its development in the peripheral and central nervous systems,to its degradation and
reformation after traumatic brain/spinal cord/peripheral nerve injury and disease.Nevertheless,am open to
other venues in neurobiological research that involves regeneration and development of the nervous system
with some emphasis on myelin.
P R E V I O U S R E S E A R C H :
Other research performed includes:
 Performed live craniectomies with stereotaxic device on mice and lateral fluid percussion injuries (LFPI) as a
model of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
 Experienced in performing behavioral studies such as Morris Water Maze and Conditioned Fear Response in
TBI mice.
 Researched the changes in the inhibitory population of the hippocampus after LFPI and how it affects its
circuitry by performing stereology of the CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus.
 Determined how the generation of the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate is altered after TBI by being
able to purify enzymatic end products and byproducts ofhippocampal slices from injured animals treated
with glucose/valine–13 and doing NMR spectroscopy.
 Generated protein from regional dissections ofthe hippocampus to measure by western blot how the levels of
enzymes in the branched amino acid pathway are altered after injury and by consequence howthis might
affect the generation of glutamate or GABA.
 Researched the relationship that the myelin sheath has with the axonal localization of the Sodium/Potassium
ATPase subunits alpha –1 and alpha –3 in normal and diseased peripheral and central nervous tissue.
 Determined the glial localization of the gap junction protein – Cx29 – in mutants that lack glial septate-like
junctions but form myelin sheaths in central and peripheral nervous tissue.
 Researched size of molecules that can go across axon-glial septate-like junctions from the node of Ranvier by
microinjecting differently sized fluorescent dyes into the sciatic nerve and observing the injection site for
passage ofsuch dyes.
 Researched and examined the localization and expression of several proteins at the electrophysiologically
active node of Ranvier and how is it altered after demyelination using several demyelinating animal models
and demyelinating agents – such as lysolecithin and ethidium bromide.
 Determined that the myelin sheath is important for the internodal localization of axonal proteins.
 Performed survival surgery to microinject a demyelinating agent – lysolecithin – to the rat sciatic nerve and
examined at certain time intervals the various changes that occur in expression and localization of different
axonal proteins.
 Utilized immunohistologic and imaging skills such as deconvolution and confocal imaging combined with
statistical analyses in order to examine the order and manner that the axonal nodal architecture changes due to
demyelination of the peripheral and central nervous system.
 Analyzed the relationship between different regions of the myelin sheath and the localization of different
nodal and internodal proteins in the axolemma.
 Described how in myelin deficient (MD) rats the axolemmal ion channels change their localization due to
demyelination.
 Published articles that describe axo-glial interactions in the normal PNS and CNS. Some of these were
published as cover material in various journals.
EDUCATION:
University of Pennsylvania - Doctor of Philosophy in the Neurosciences 1999
University of Puerto Rico — Bachelor in Biological Sciences (Magna cum laude), 1991
HONORS AND AWARDS:
 CMTA PostdoctoralFellow Sep 1999 - Aug 2001

4. Edgardo J. Arroyo
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 NIGMS-MARC Predoctoral Fellow Sep 1992-1996
 NIGMS-MARC Undergraduate Fellow 1990-1991
LANGUAGES:
Spanish – Native tongue
English - Fluent
PUBLICATIONS:
B O O K C H A P T E R S A N D A R T I C L E S :
T. Matsushita, K.L. Lankford, E.J. Arroyo, M. Sasaki, M. Neyazi, C. Radtke, J.D. Kocsis, (2015) Diffuse and persistent blood–
spinal cord barrier disruption after contusive spinal cord injury rapidly recovers following intravenous infusion of bone
marrow mesenchymal stem cells, Experimental Neurology, 267:152-164
S.S. Scherer and E.J. Arroyo, (2014) Updateon Myelin: Molecular Architecture of CNS and PNS Myelin Sheath, In Reference
Module in Biomedical Sciences, Elsevier
K.L. Lankford, E.J. Arroyo, C.-N. Liu, C.J. Somps, M.A. Zorbas, D.L. Shelton, M.G. Evans, S.I. Hurst, J.D. Kocsis, (2013) Sciatic
nerve regeneration is not inhibited by anti-NGF antibody treatment in the adult rat. Neuroscience 241:157–169
S.S. Scherer, E.J. Arroyo, (2009) Myelin: Molecular Architecture of CNS and PNS Myelin Sheath, In: Encyclopedia of
Neuroscience (Squire, L. R., ed.), pp1169-1180, Academic Press, Oxford, UK
Arroyo, EJ, Scherer, SS (2007) The Molecular Organization of Myelinating Schwann Cells. In: The Biology of Schwann Cells:
Development, Differentiation, and Immunomodulation (Armati, P. ed). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK
Scherer SS, Arroyo EJ, Peles E (2004) Functional organization of the nodes of Ranvier. In: Myelin Biology and Disorders
(Lazzarini RL, ed), pp 89-116: Elsevier.
Arroyo, EJ, Sirkowski EE, Chitale R, Scherer SS (2004) Acute demyelination disrupts themolecular organization of PNS nodes.
J Comp Neurol 479:424-434.
Southwood C, He C, Garbern J, Kamholz J, Arroyo EJ, Gow A (2004) CNS myelin paranodes require Nkx6-2 homeoprotein
transcriptionalactivity for normal structure. J Neurosci 24:11215-11225.
Arroyo, EJ, T. Xu, S. Lambert, S.R. Levinson, P.J. Brophy, E. Peles, and S.S. Scherer (2002) Genetic dysmyelination alters the
molecular architecture of the nodal region. J Neurosci 18:7891-7902.
Scherer SS, Arroyo EJ (2002) Recent progress on the molecular organization of myelinated axons. J Peripher Nerv Syst 7:1-
12.
Menichella DM, Arroyo EJ, Awatramani R, Xu T, Baron P, Vallat J-M, Balsamo J, Lilien J, Scarlato G, Kamholz J, Scherer
SS, Shy ME(2001) Protein zero is necessary for cadherin-mediated adherens junction formation in Schwann cells. Mol
Cell Neurosci 18:606-618.
Scherer SS, Xu T, Crino P, Arroyo EJ, Gutmann DH (2001) Ezrin, radixin, and moesin are components of Schwann cell
microvilli. J Neurosci Res 65:150-164
Arroyo, EJ, T Xu, S Poliak, M Watson, E Peles, SS Scherer (2001) Internodal specializations of myelinated axons in theCNS.
Cell Tiss Res 305:53-66. (cover image)
Brown AA, T Xu, EJ Arroyo , SR. Levinson, PJ Brophy, EPeles, SS Scherer (2001) Molecular organization of the nodal
region is not altered in spontaneously diabetic BB-Wistar rats. J Neurosci Res 65(2):139-49.
Arroyo. EJ, Scherer SS (2000) On the molecular architecture of myelinated fibers. Histochem Cell Biol 113:1-18. (cover
image)
Arroyo, EJ, Y-T Xu , L Zhou, A Messing, E Peles, SY Chiu, and SS Scherer (1999) Myelinating Schwann cells determine the
internodal localization of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv2, and Caspr. J Neurocytol28:333-347. (cover image)
Arroyo, EJ, J.R. Bermingham, Jr., M.G. Rosenfeld, and S.S. Scherer (1998) Promyelinating Schwann cells express Tst-
1/SCIP/Oct-6. J Neurosci 18: 7891-7902.
Shy, ME, EJ Arroyo, J Sladky, D Menichella, H Jiang, J Kamholz, SS Scherer (1997) Heterozygous P0 knockout mice
develop a peripheral neuropathy that resembles chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). J
NeuropatholExp Neurol 56: 811-821.
Zorick, TS, DE Syroid, EJ Arroyo, SS Scherer, and G Lemke (1996) Thetranscription factors SCIP and Krox-20 mark distinct
stages and cell fates in Schwann cell differentiation. MolCell Neurosci 8: 129-145.
Bermingham, JR Jr., SS Scherer, S O'Connell, EJ Arroyo, KA Kalla, FL Powell, and MG Rosenfeld (1996) Disruption of
peripheral myelination and respiration in tst-1/Oct-6/SCIP null mice. Genes Dev 10: 1751-1762.
P O S T E R S / I N V I T E D T A L K S :
E. J. Arroyo, F. Fattahi, K. L. Lankford, L. Studer, J. D. Kocsis. Human embryonic stem cell derived Schwann cells myelinate
regenerated rat sciatic nerve axons. Society for Neuroscience Meeting, Washington, DC 2015 (Poster)

5. Edgardo J. Arroyo
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K. L. Lankford, T. Matsushita, E. J. Arroyo, P. W. Askenase, J. D. Kocsis. BLOOD-SPINAL CORD BARRIER DISRUPTION
AFTER CONTUSIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI) RAPIDLY RECOVERS FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS
INFUSION OF BONE MARROWMESENCHYMALSTEM CELLS (MSCS) OR MSC-DERIVED EXOSOMES.
Washington, DC 2015 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, K. L. Lankford, M. Sasaki, X. Wang, S. Strittmater, J. D. Kocsis. ANALYSIS OF DESCENDING
RAPHESPINAL5-HT FIBERS/TERMINALS FOLLOWING CHRONIC HEMISECTION OF THENON-HUMAN
PRIMATESPINALCORD. Society for Neuroscience Meeting, Washington, DC 2013 (Poster)
T. Matsushita, K. L. Lankford, E. J. Arroyo, J. D. Kocsis. TEMPORALCHANGESIN THEBLOOD-SPINAL CORD
BARRIER INTEGRITYAFTER CONTUSIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY IN THERAT. Society for Neuroscience
Meeting, Washington, DC 2013 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, M. Sasaki, K. L. Lankford, X. Wang, S. M. Strittmater, J. D. Kocsis. ANALYSIS OF 5-HT TERMINALSAND
FUNCTIONALOUTCOMEFOLLOWING HEMISECTION OF THE NONHUMAN PRIMATESPINALCORD. Society
for Neuroscience Meeting, New Orleans, LA 2012 (Poster)
K. L. Lankford, E. J. Arroyo, J. D. Kocsis. CONTINUOUSEXPOSURETO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFΑ)
STRONGLY STIMULATESOLFACTORYENSHEATHING CELL (OEC) PROLIFERATION. Society for Neuroscience
Meeting, New Orleans, LA 2012 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, C. Radtke, J. D. Kocsis. DRG A/A NEURONSUPREGULATENaV1.7 DURING NEUROMA FORMATION
AFTER NERVE LIGATION AND KERATINOCYTEENGRAFTMENT, Society for Neuroscience Meeting San Diego,
CA 2010 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, C. Radtke, J. D. Kocsis. ALTERATIONSOF NaV1.7 EXPRESSION IN TRANSECTED SCIATIC NERVE AND
DRG, Society for Neuroscience Meeting 2009 Chicago, IL (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, GLIA DETERMINETHEMOLECULAR ARCHITECTUREOF AXONS, Center For Neuroscience and
Regeneration Research, October 2008, West Haven CT (Seminar)
E.J. Arroyo, J. Elkind, J. R, Nyengaard, B. M. Witgen, E. Schwarzbach, G. Xiong, A. S. Cohen, M. S. Grady. ANALYSIS OF
THEHIPPOCAMPUSINHIBITORYPOPULATION AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURYOF GAD67-GFP MICE,
National Neurotrauma Society Meeting 2008, Orlando FL (Poster)
E.J.Arroyo, J. Lifshitz, B. M. Witgen, J. R. Nyengaard, E. Schwarzbach, G. Xiong, A. S. Cohen, M. S. Grady. STEREOLOGIC
ANALYSIS OF THEHIPPOCAMPUSINHIBITORYPOPULATION AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY, National
Nuerotrauma Society Meeting 2007, Kansas City, MO (Poster)
E.J. Arroyo, R. Chitale, S.S. Scherer. PARANODALDEMYELINATION DISRUPTSTHEMOLECULAR
ORGANIZATIONOF NODES. Program No. 675.5. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2003 (Poster)
E.J. Arroyo, T. Xu, S.R. Levinson, E. Peles, S.S. Scherer. NODE-LIKE MEMBRANESPECIALIZATIONSIN THE
ABSENCE OF PARANODESIN MYELIN-DEFICIENT RATS. Program No. 900.8. San Diego, CA: Society for
Neuroscience, 2001 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo. Node-like Membrane Specializations in the Absence of Paranodes in Myelin-Deficient Rats. Post-
doctoral Fellowship Seminar. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association Meeting; Chicago, IL 2001 (Seminar)
E.J. Arroyo, T. Xu, E. Peles, S.S. Scherer. INTERNODALSPECIALIZATIONSOF MYELINATED AXONSIN
THECNS. Program No. 517.5. New Orleans, LA: Society for Neuroscience, 2000 (Poster)
T. Xu, E.J. Arroyo, P. Crino, D.H. Gutmann, S.S. Scherer. EZRIN, RADIXIN, AND MOESIN ARE COMPONENTS
OF SCHWANN CELL MICROVILLI Program No. 517.4. New Orleans, LA: Society for Neuroscience, 2000
(Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, J. R. Bermingham, M. G. Rosenfeld, S. S. Scherer. SCHWANN CELL ANALYSIS OF THE TST-
1/OCT-6/SCIP KNOCKOUT DURING DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION OF PERIPHERALNERVE･
Society for Neuroscience, 1997 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, J. Bermingham, M. G. Rosenfeld, and S. S. Scherer. PROMYELINATING SCHWANN CELLS
EXPRESS TST-1/SCIP/OCT-6 IN REGENERATING NERVE. Society for Neuroscience 1996 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, J. Bermingham, M.G. Rosenfeld, Scherer, S. S. THEPOU TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TST-
1/SCIP/OCT-6 PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN MYELINATING SCHWANN CELLS. Society for
Neuroscience 1995 (Poster)
E. J. Arroyo, M. Wegner, M. G. Rosenfeld, J. Kamholz, S.S. Scherer OLIGODENDROCYTEPRECURSORS
EXPRESS TST-1 (SCIP/OCT-6) IN VIVO. Society for Neuroscience, 1994 (Poster)