2. Java 8 Features
1. Default and Static methods in Interface
2. Lambda Expressions
3. Optional
4. Streams
5. Method References
6. Data Time API
7. Nashorn Javascript Engine
8. Parallel Arrays
3. 1. Interface Method (Default & Static)
=> Java 8 introduces new features to interfaces.
=> Before java 8 interface having only abstract methods but
now java 8 added two more type of methods to interface.
a. First one is default method. A method which is having a default keyword
with method body. Actually interfaces wont have any implemented
methods but now with java 8 default method we can add a method with
default implementation by using "default " keyword. The classes which are
implementing this interface can use these default method and same time it
can override the existing method. But its not mandatory to override.
5. 1. Interface Method (Default & Static)
b.The second new method introduced in java 8 is static method. Yes like in
classes now we can define a static methods inside interface by using "static".
Basically static methods which are defined in interface are interface level only.
if we want to call these static methods which are defined in interfaces we need
to use interface name so that we can access these methods.
7. 2. Lambda Expressions
=> One of the most awaited and biggest
release in java 8 is lamda expressions.
=> Ability to pass functionality/ behavior to
methods as arguments.
=> Allows us to write a method in the same
place we are going to use it.
8. 2. Lambda Expressions
interface LambdaExpression{
public static void main(String[] args){
Arrays.asList( "j", "a", "v" ,"a","8").
forEach( e -> System.out.print( e ) );
}
}
9. 3. Optional java.util.Optional
=> One of the best and cool feature of java 8 is Optional
class. Which is a final calls from java.util package.
=> The major repeating statement in every project is
checking "NullPointerException". Before using any object
we need to check whether it is null or not if its not null then
only we need to proceed.
=> Optional is just like a container which holds a value of
type <T> or "null". By using isPresent() method of Optional
class we can check particular object is null not not.
10. 3. Optional java.util.Optional
class OptionalSample{
public static void main(String[] args ){
Optional< String > str = Optional.ofNullable(
null );
System.out.println( "str having value ? " +
str.isPresent() ); // output : str having value ? false
}
}
11. 4. Streams
=> One of the excellent feature from java 8 as java.util.stream.
=> Stream API introduces real-world functional-style
programming into the Java.
=> Provides functional operations on stream of elements such
as list , set and map
=> Supports filtering, mapping and removal of duplicates of
elements in collections, are implemented lazily.
=> Now we can get Streams from collections, arrays and
bufferedReaders etc.
12. 4. Streams
class StreamSample{
public static void main(String[] args ){
Arrays.stream(new int[] {1, 2, 3,4,5})
.map(n -> 2 * n + 1)
.average()
.ifPresent(System.out::println); // output: 7.0
}
}
13. 5. Method Reference
=> We can use lambda expressions to create
anonymous methods.
=> Sometimes, however, a lambda expression does
nothing but call an existing method. In those cases, it's
often clearer to refer to the existing method by name.
=> Using Method references refer to the existing method
by name, they are compact, easy-to-read lambda
expressions for methods that already have a name
14. 5. Method Reference
class MethodRefSample{
public void show(String str){
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args ){
Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c").forEach(new A()::
show); // a b c
}
}
15. 6. Data Time API
=> The next cool feature from java 8 is new
date time API(jsr 310) added within java.time
package.
=> Before java 8 if we want to format dates we
use SimpleDateFormatter class in java 8 while
declaring date itself it has constructor to pass
format of date.
16. 6. Data Time API
=> Some of the new classes introduced in java 8 date time
are as follows.
1. LocalTime
2. LocalDate
3. LocalDateTime
4. OffsetDate
6. OffsetTime
7. OffsetDateTime
17. 6. Data Time API
class DateTimeAPISample{
public static void main(String[] args ){
LocalDate currentDate = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println(currentDate);
LocalDate twentyMarch2015 = LocalDate.of(2015, Month.
MARCH, 06);
System.out.println(twentyMarch2015); //2015-03-06
LocalDate firstApril2015 = LocalDate.of(2015, 4, 1);
System.out.println(firstApril2015);//2015-04-01
}
18. 7. Nashorn Javascript Engine
=> Java 8 come with new Nashorn Javascript
Engine which is allowing us to develop and run
JavaScript applications.
20. 8. Parallel Array Sorting
=> As of now java 7 we already having Arrays.sort()
method to sort objects now java 8 introduced parallel
sorting which has more speed than arrays.sort() and
follows Fork/Join framework introduced in Java 7 to assign
the sorting tasks to multiple threads that are available in the
thread pool.
=> Java 8 added parallel sorting functionalities to java.util.
Arrays to take advantage of multithread machines
21. 8. Parallel Array Sorting
class ParallelArray{
public static void main(String[] args ){
int arr[]={1,4,2,8,5};
Arrays.parallelSort(arr);
for(int i:arr){
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
