How is research
classified
according to?

Purpose Goal Level of
Investigation
b c
a
By: John Howard Medrano
BSCE 4B

a
PURPOSE
It essentially
represents intentions.

PURPOSE
- It has the purpose of determining the future operation of the variables
under investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for the
better.
Predictive or Prognostic
Research
1
- Clinical Research: Diagnostic

PURPOSE
- Is concerned with the interaction of the components of the
variable being investigated.
Illuminative Research
2

PURPOSE
- Determines what should be done based on the findings.
Directive
Research
3
- Remedy or Alternative.

GOAL
Aspirations or sets future
directions or destinations
b

GOAL
- “Fundamental Research”
Basic or Pure Research
1
- Is done for development of theories or principles.
- Conducted for intellectual pleasure for learning.

GOAL
- The application of the results of pure research.
Applied Research
2
- Testing the efficacy of theories and principles.

c
LEVELS OF
INVESTIGATION

LEVELS OF INVESTIGATION
- The researcher studies the variables patinent to a specific
situation.
Exploratory
Research
1
- Used to investigate a problem which is not clearly defined.

LEVELS OF INVESTIGATION
- The researcher studies the relationships of the variables.
Descriptive Research
2
- How, What, When, and Where questions.

LEVELS OF INVESTIGATION
- The experiment studies the effects of the variables on each other.
Experimental
Research
3

Types of
analysis
Scope
Choice of
answers to
problem
e
f
d
By: Elmarie J’Anne B. Micu
BSCE 4B

d
TYPES OF
ANALYSIS

Analytic Approach - the researcher attempts to identify and isolate the
components of the research situation.
According to the Types of Analysis
Diagnostic- “Why did it happen?”
Predictive- “What is likely to happen?”
Descriptive- “What happened?”
Prescriptive- “What should be done?”
4
3
2
1

Holistic Approach
● This begins with the total situation, focusing attention
on the system first and on its internal relationships.
According to the Types of Analysis

SCOPE
Boundaries of the
research.
b

Action Research
● This involves the application of the steps of the scientific method in the
classroom problems.
● This type of research is done on a very limited scope to solve a particular
problem which is not so big.
Examples:
Identify a problem to be studied.
Collecting data on the problem.
Organize, analyze, and interpret the data.
According to Scope

c
CHOICE OF
ANSWERS TO
PROBLEMS

Evaluation Research
According to the Choice of Answers to Problems
● All possible courses
of action are specified
and identified and the
researcher.
Developmental research
● The focus is on finding
or developing a more
suitable instrument or
process than has been
available.

Statistical
content
Time
element
h
g
By: Adrian Leigh Gallardo
BSCE 4B

ACCORDING TO STATISTICAL
CONTENT
Quantitative
Research
Non-Quantitative
Research
- Is on in which inferential
statistics are utilized to
determine the results of
the study.
Examples:
- This is research in
which the use of the
quantity or statistics is
practically not utilized.
Examples:
-The Effect of Parental Involvement on
Childhood Academic Achievement
-The Relationship Between College
Study and Future Job Satisfaction
-Dealing With a Loss and The Process
of Recovery
-The Best Practices for Quitting Alcohol
and Cigarettes

ACCORDING TO TIME ELEMENT
Historical
Research
Descriptive
Research
Experimental
Research
- Describes what was.
Examples:
- Describes what is.
Examples:
- Describes what will be.
Examples:
-Asia During The Middle Ages
-Julius Caesar and His Role in in
Building The Roman Republic
-Examining the Ability of Music to
Create and Maintain Social Bonds
During the Pandemic
-Uncovering the Many Ethical, Legal,
and Social Issues that Have Arises
During the Pandemic
-What could be Done to Stop the
White Rust of Albugo Candida on
Spinach Leaves
-How Long it Takes to Push a
Person in Depression Who is
Continuously Taking Drugs

Merryl Jersy V. Francisco
BSCE 4B

“Research is what I’m doing when I
don’t know what I’m doing.”
Wernher Von Braun

Tradition Authority
● This is accepting that
customs, beliefs,
practices, and
superstitions are true and
are parts of the daily life
of men.
• ● This is accepting
without question, an
opinion about a certain
subject which is given by
someone who is
considered an authority
on the subject.
HINDRANCES TO RESEARCH

Mystification Overgeneralization
● This is attributing to
supernatural power, the
phenomena that cannot
be understood.
● This is establishing a
pattern from a few similar
events that are assumed to
have the same evidence out
of a few instances
HINDRANCES TO RESEARCH

• ● This is making up
information to explain
away confusion.
● This paying attention to
events that match a prior
conclusion and ignore
those that do not.
Selective Observation Made-up Information
HINDRANCES TO RESEARCH

● This is attributing
something to another
without any logical
basis.
● This is describing
wrongly what is
actually observed
Illogical
Reasoning
Innacurate
Observation
HINDRANCES TO RESEARCH

Ego Involvement
in Understanding
To err is human
● This is giving
explanation when one
finds himself in an
unfavorable situation.
● This is an
attitude that admits
the fallibility of man.
HINDRANCES TO RESEARCH

Dogmatism
● This is an unwritten
policy of certain institutions and
governments prohibiting the
study of topics that are
believed to run counter to the
established doctrines of such
institutions or governments.
HINDRANCES TO RESEARCH

Why are the scientific methods of
research be followed?
By: Gwyneth A. Quiambao
BSCE 4B

SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
It is the process of objectively
establishing facts through testing
and experimentation. The basic
process involves making an
observation, forming a hypothesis,
making a prediction, conducting an
experiment and finally analyzing the
results.

Why are the scientific methods of research
be followed?
It provides an objective, standardized approach to conducting experiments and,
in doing so, improves their results.
2
3
4
1
Acquire a more systematic approach in doing an investigation.
It relies on evidence and facts that can be substantiated and proved, and places
no reliance on opinion or faith or imagination.
Putting a stop to pseudoscience.

References:
https://www.slideshare.net/gj27/kinds-classification-of-
research
https://iterationinsights.com/article/where-to-start-with-the-
4-types-of-analytics/
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/sorsogon-state-
college/bachelor-of-science-in-accountancy/module-1-
introduction-to-research/17363383
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/scientific-
method?amp=1