1. International Monetary
Fund (IMF)
and the World Bank

2. IMF AND WORLD BANK

3. IMF AND WORLD BANK
• They were founded after WW II.
• They were established mainly because
of peace advocacy after world war.
• These two institutions aimed to help
the economic stability of the world.

4. IMF
• It’s main goal was to help countries
which were in trouble and could not
obtain money by any means.
• They served as a lender or a last resort
for countries which needed for financial
assistance.

5. World Bank
• It had a more long-term approach.
• It helped countries to reach their goals,
especially in poor countries.
• They served as a lender or a last resort
for countries which needed for financial
assistance, especially in poor
countries.

7. THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
• The most encompassing club of the
richest countries in the world.
• It is an intergovernmental
organization with 35 member
countries,
• It stimulate economic progress and
world trade.

8. THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
• It is a forum whose member countries
describe themselves as committed
to democracy and the market economy,
providing a platform to compare policy
experiences, seek answers to common
problems, identify good practices, and
coordinate domestic and international
policies of its members.

9. Title slide

10. WHY IT IS
FORMED?
OPEC
• It was formed
because member
countries wanted
to increase the
price of oil.

11. OPEC
OPEC
• is an organization
enabling the co-
operation of leading
oil-producing
countries, in order to
collectively influence
the global market
and maximize profit.

18. EUROPEAN UNION
• The European Union (EU) is a political and
economic alliance of 27 countries.
• The EU promotes democratic values in its
member nations and is one of the world's most
powerful trade blocs.
• Nineteen of the countries share the euro as their
official currency.

20. UNDERSTANDING NAFTA
• The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was
implemented to promote trade between the U.S., Canada, and
Mexico.
• The agreement, which eliminated most tariffs on trade between
the three countries, went into effect on Jan. 1, 1994.
• Numerous tariffs—particularly those related to agricultural
products, textiles, and automobiles.

21. UNDERSTANDING NAFTA
• NAFTA reduced or eliminated tariffs on imports and
exports between the three participating countries,
creating a huge free-trade zone.
• Two side agreements to NAFTA aimed to establish
high common standards in: workplace safety, labor
rights, and environmental protection, to prevent
businesses from relocating to other countries to
exploit lower wages or looser regulations.

22. UNDERSTANDING NAFTA
• It’s purpose was to encourage economic activity
among North America's three major economic
powers: Canada, the U. S., and Mexico.
• Proponents of the agreement believed that it would
benefit the three nations involved by promoting freer
trade and lower tariffs among Canada, Mexico, and
the United States.

23. UNDERSTANDING NAFTA

24. Aug. 27, 2018
• President Donald Trump
announced a new trade deal with
Mexico to replace NAFTA.

25. Sept. 30, 2018
• This agreement was modified to
include Canada. The United
States-Mexico-Canada
Agreement (USMCA) took effect
on July 1, 2020, completely
replacing NAFTA.

26. • USMCA will give our workers, farmers,
ranchers, and businesses a high-standard
trade agreement that will result in freer
markets, fairer trade, and robust economic
growth in our region.
• “It will strengthen the middle class
and create good, well-paying jobs and new
opportunities for the nearly half billion people
who call North America home."