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Introduction to
Solar
Photovoltaics (PV)

Vikram Aggarwal
Vikram@EnergySage.com
617-396-7243
Agenda

­ 

About	
  EnergySage	
  

­ 

Introduc2on	
  to	
  Solar	
  PV	
  

­ 

Why	
  consider	
  Solar	
  PV?	
  

­ 

Rebates	
  and	
  Incen2ves	
  

­ 

Financing	
  Op2ons	
  

­ 

Example	
  Solar	
  Economics	
  

­ 

Ques2ons	
  	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials

2	
  
About EnergySage

­ 

Expedia	
  of	
  Solar	
  

­ 

Online	
  comparison-­‐shopping	
  for	
  solar	
  photovoltaic	
  (PV)	
  systems	
  

­ 

Awarded	
  SunShot	
  Award	
  by	
  Department	
  of	
  Energy	
  	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials

3	
  
About EnergySage

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials

4	
  
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems

Source:	
  	
  Department	
  of	
  Energy	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials

5	
  
Examples - Commercial

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials

6	
  
Why Consider Solar PV?

• 

Lower,	
  predictable	
  energy	
  costs	
  
–  Substan2ally	
  Reduce	
  or	
  Completely	
  Eliminate	
  Your	
  Electric	
  Bill	
  
–  Reduce	
  or	
  eliminate	
  expensive	
  demand	
  charges	
  

• 

Great	
  investment	
  returns	
  and	
  tax	
  benefits	
  
–  Greater	
  than	
  25%	
  ROI	
  

• 

Benefits	
  to	
  corporate	
  brand	
  
–  Customers	
  and	
  business	
  partners	
  appreciate	
  sustainability	
  efforts	
  	
  
–  Good	
  corporate	
  ci2zens	
  and	
  community	
  economic	
  supporters	
  

• 

Support	
  local	
  economy;	
  Drive	
  Job	
  Growth	
  

• 

Reduced	
  carbon	
  footprint	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Rebates and Incentives
• 

Federal	
  Investment	
  Tax	
  Credit	
  (“ITC”)	
  
–  30%	
  of	
  the	
  installed	
  system	
  cost	
  with	
  no	
  cap	
  
–  An	
  actual	
  credit	
  against	
  your	
  tax	
  bill,	
  not	
  just	
  a	
  reduc2on	
  in	
  pre-­‐tax	
  income	
  
–  Can	
  be	
  used	
  against	
  prior	
  year	
  and	
  future	
  projects	
  (consult	
  tax	
  advisor)	
  

• 

Accelerated	
  depreciaKon	
  tax	
  benefits	
  
–  Depreciate	
  the	
  cost	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  over	
  6	
  years	
  
–  Tax	
  basis	
  for	
  deprecia2on	
  is	
  85%	
  of	
  the	
  installed	
  system	
  cost	
  

• 

Solar	
  Renewable	
  Energy	
  CerKficates	
  (SRECs)	
  
–  All	
  power	
  generated	
  by	
  your	
  solar	
  PV	
  system	
  creates	
  cer2ficates	
  that	
  can	
  be	
  sold	
  to	
  u2li2es	
  	
  	
  
–  Approximately	
  $200	
  per	
  megawa]	
  of	
  power	
  produced	
  
–  Considered	
  taxable	
  income	
  

• 

Net-­‐Metering	
  
- 

When	
  you	
  generate	
  more	
  power	
  than	
  you	
  consume,	
  your	
  meter	
  turns	
  backward	
  to	
  provide	
  a	
  credit	
  

- 

Credit	
  is	
  applied	
  at	
  night	
  or	
  when	
  solar	
  power	
  is	
  not	
  being	
  produced	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Financing Options
Type

Cash
Purchase

Debt
Financed
Purchase

Description

Cash Out of
Pocket

Get
30% ITC

Depreciation
Tax Benefit

SREC
Income

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Small down
payment

Yes

Yes

Yes

None

Yes

Yes

Yes

None

No

No

Option

None

No

No

No

•  Buy the system
•  Recoup 50%+ investment in first year through tax
incentives
•  Borrow to pay for system
•  Recoup 50%+ investment in first year through tax
incentives
•  Fixed monthly payments for 7 to 12 years

Capital
Lease

•  Benefit from tax credits
•  Generate SREC income
•  Buy-out system at end of term for minimal cost

Operating
Lease

Power
Purchase
Agreement

•  Fixed monthly payments for 7-12 years
•  Cost lower than current electricity expense
•  Buy-out system at end of term at FMV
•  Buy power at rates that are up to 60% lower for a
term of 10-20 years
•  Buy-out system at end of term at FMV

(PPA)
EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Financing Options – Pros/Cons
Option

PROS
• 

Own the system

• 

Maximum financial benefits

• 

Fast & easy process

• 

CONS

Operating
Lease

Power
Purchase
Agreement

• 

Potential volatility of SREC values

Minimal cash requirement

• 

Additional debt on balance sheet

• 

Leverage investment for greater ROI

• 

Potential volatility of SREC values

No initial cash investment

• 

Smaller financial benefits

Tax benefits

• 

• 

SREC income

Share financials with solar provider / leasing
company

• 

Capital Lease

Significant cash required

• 

Debt Financed
Purchase

• 

• 

Cash Purchase

Own the system at end of lease term at minimal
cost

• 

Few solar providers offer capital leases

• 

Reduce electric bills by up to 60%

• 

Smaller financial benefit

• 

No initial cash investment

• 

• 

Option to retain SRECs

Share financials with solar provider / leasing
company

• 

Few solar providers offer operating leases

• 

Reduce electric bills by up to 60%

• 

Smaller financial benefit

• 

No initial cash investment

• 

• 

Hedge against rising utility rates

Share financials with solar provider / leasing
company

• 

Few solar providers offer PPAs
EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Selecting the Right Financing
Option for You

Suitable	
  Roof	
  or	
  
Land	
  for	
  Solar	
  
NO	
  

Consider	
  Other	
  
Technologies	
  

YES	
  

Availability	
  of	
  
Cash	
  or	
  Loans	
  

YES	
  

YES	
  

Purchase	
  with	
  
Cash	
  or	
  Loan	
  

NO	
  

NO	
  

Have	
  Sufficient	
  
Tax	
  AppeKte	
  

Have	
  Sufficient	
  
Tax	
  AppeKte	
  

NO	
  

OperaKng	
  Lease	
  
or	
  	
  
PPA	
  

YES	
  

Capital	
  Lease	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Example of Solar Options*
• 

Massachusetts company
­  Annual cost = $100,000; $2.5M+ over 20 years with 2.5% inflation
­  Consumes 750,000 kWh per year ($0.13/kWh)

• 

Solution: 600 kW ground-mount system

Out	
  of	
  Pocket	
  Costs	
  
Year	
  1	
  

20	
  Year	
  IRR	
  

Payback	
  	
  
(in	
  Years)	
  

20	
  Year	
  Net	
  Financial	
  
Benefit	
  

Cash	
  Purchase	
  

($1.4M)	
  

25%	
  

4	
  

$2.5M	
  

Debt	
  Financed	
  	
  
Purchase	
  

$600,000	
  

NA	
  

Immediate	
  

$2.2M	
  

Capital	
  Lease	
  	
  
(10-­‐year)	
  

$600,000	
  

NA	
  

Immediate	
  

$2.0M	
  

OperaKng	
  Lease	
  
(10-­‐year)	
  

NA	
  

NA	
  

Immediate	
  

$1.5M	
  

PPA	
  	
  
(20-­‐year)	
  

NA	
  

NA	
  

Immediate	
  

$0.6M	
  

OpKon	
  

*Numbers	
  are	
  direcKonal	
  in	
  nature	
  only	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Example: Cumulative Cash-Flow*

*Rough	
  es2mates	
  only	
  –	
  EnergySage	
  can	
  provide	
  specific	
  cash	
  flow	
  es2mates	
  for	
  your	
  business	
  
EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Interested in Solar?

­  Create	
  a	
  property	
  profile	
  at	
  EnergySage.com	
  
­  Receive	
  mul2ple	
  compe22ve	
  quotes	
  from	
  high	
  quality	
  
providers	
  
­  EnergySage	
  advisors	
  available	
  to	
  help	
  you	
  
­  Get	
  a	
  great	
  deal	
  on	
  solar!	
  

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials
Get Started on EnergySage.com

EnergySage™. |

Confidential Materials

15	
  

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Energysage_Solar for Businesses

  • 1. Introduction to Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Vikram Aggarwal Vikram@EnergySage.com 617-396-7243
  • 2. Agenda ­  About  EnergySage   ­  Introduc2on  to  Solar  PV   ­  Why  consider  Solar  PV?   ­  Rebates  and  Incen2ves   ­  Financing  Op2ons   ­  Example  Solar  Economics   ­  Ques2ons     EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials 2  
  • 3. About EnergySage ­  Expedia  of  Solar   ­  Online  comparison-­‐shopping  for  solar  photovoltaic  (PV)  systems   ­  Awarded  SunShot  Award  by  Department  of  Energy     EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials 3  
  • 5. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Source:    Department  of  Energy   EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials 5  
  • 6. Examples - Commercial EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials 6  
  • 7. Why Consider Solar PV? •  Lower,  predictable  energy  costs   –  Substan2ally  Reduce  or  Completely  Eliminate  Your  Electric  Bill   –  Reduce  or  eliminate  expensive  demand  charges   •  Great  investment  returns  and  tax  benefits   –  Greater  than  25%  ROI   •  Benefits  to  corporate  brand   –  Customers  and  business  partners  appreciate  sustainability  efforts     –  Good  corporate  ci2zens  and  community  economic  supporters   •  Support  local  economy;  Drive  Job  Growth   •  Reduced  carbon  footprint   EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 8. Rebates and Incentives •  Federal  Investment  Tax  Credit  (“ITC”)   –  30%  of  the  installed  system  cost  with  no  cap   –  An  actual  credit  against  your  tax  bill,  not  just  a  reduc2on  in  pre-­‐tax  income   –  Can  be  used  against  prior  year  and  future  projects  (consult  tax  advisor)   •  Accelerated  depreciaKon  tax  benefits   –  Depreciate  the  cost  of  the  system  over  6  years   –  Tax  basis  for  deprecia2on  is  85%  of  the  installed  system  cost   •  Solar  Renewable  Energy  CerKficates  (SRECs)   –  All  power  generated  by  your  solar  PV  system  creates  cer2ficates  that  can  be  sold  to  u2li2es       –  Approximately  $200  per  megawa]  of  power  produced   –  Considered  taxable  income   •  Net-­‐Metering   -  When  you  generate  more  power  than  you  consume,  your  meter  turns  backward  to  provide  a  credit   -  Credit  is  applied  at  night  or  when  solar  power  is  not  being  produced   EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 9. Financing Options Type Cash Purchase Debt Financed Purchase Description Cash Out of Pocket Get 30% ITC Depreciation Tax Benefit SREC Income Yes Yes Yes Yes Small down payment Yes Yes Yes None Yes Yes Yes None No No Option None No No No •  Buy the system •  Recoup 50%+ investment in first year through tax incentives •  Borrow to pay for system •  Recoup 50%+ investment in first year through tax incentives •  Fixed monthly payments for 7 to 12 years Capital Lease •  Benefit from tax credits •  Generate SREC income •  Buy-out system at end of term for minimal cost Operating Lease Power Purchase Agreement •  Fixed monthly payments for 7-12 years •  Cost lower than current electricity expense •  Buy-out system at end of term at FMV •  Buy power at rates that are up to 60% lower for a term of 10-20 years •  Buy-out system at end of term at FMV (PPA) EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 10. Financing Options – Pros/Cons Option PROS •  Own the system •  Maximum financial benefits •  Fast & easy process •  CONS Operating Lease Power Purchase Agreement •  Potential volatility of SREC values Minimal cash requirement •  Additional debt on balance sheet •  Leverage investment for greater ROI •  Potential volatility of SREC values No initial cash investment •  Smaller financial benefits Tax benefits •  •  SREC income Share financials with solar provider / leasing company •  Capital Lease Significant cash required •  Debt Financed Purchase •  •  Cash Purchase Own the system at end of lease term at minimal cost •  Few solar providers offer capital leases •  Reduce electric bills by up to 60% •  Smaller financial benefit •  No initial cash investment •  •  Option to retain SRECs Share financials with solar provider / leasing company •  Few solar providers offer operating leases •  Reduce electric bills by up to 60% •  Smaller financial benefit •  No initial cash investment •  •  Hedge against rising utility rates Share financials with solar provider / leasing company •  Few solar providers offer PPAs EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 11. Selecting the Right Financing Option for You Suitable  Roof  or   Land  for  Solar   NO   Consider  Other   Technologies   YES   Availability  of   Cash  or  Loans   YES   YES   Purchase  with   Cash  or  Loan   NO   NO   Have  Sufficient   Tax  AppeKte   Have  Sufficient   Tax  AppeKte   NO   OperaKng  Lease   or     PPA   YES   Capital  Lease   EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 12. Example of Solar Options* •  Massachusetts company ­  Annual cost = $100,000; $2.5M+ over 20 years with 2.5% inflation ­  Consumes 750,000 kWh per year ($0.13/kWh) •  Solution: 600 kW ground-mount system Out  of  Pocket  Costs   Year  1   20  Year  IRR   Payback     (in  Years)   20  Year  Net  Financial   Benefit   Cash  Purchase   ($1.4M)   25%   4   $2.5M   Debt  Financed     Purchase   $600,000   NA   Immediate   $2.2M   Capital  Lease     (10-­‐year)   $600,000   NA   Immediate   $2.0M   OperaKng  Lease   (10-­‐year)   NA   NA   Immediate   $1.5M   PPA     (20-­‐year)   NA   NA   Immediate   $0.6M   OpKon   *Numbers  are  direcKonal  in  nature  only   EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 13. Example: Cumulative Cash-Flow* *Rough  es2mates  only  –  EnergySage  can  provide  specific  cash  flow  es2mates  for  your  business   EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 14. Interested in Solar? ­  Create  a  property  profile  at  EnergySage.com   ­  Receive  mul2ple  compe22ve  quotes  from  high  quality   providers   ­  EnergySage  advisors  available  to  help  you   ­  Get  a  great  deal  on  solar!   EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials
  • 15. Get Started on EnergySage.com EnergySage™. | Confidential Materials 15