SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 5
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Water conservation
with xeriscape principles
Careful plant selection can help reduce irrigation needs.

Ronald C. Smith, Ph.D.




    For a golf course to succeed, it must     leaf fescues do well on local rainfall pat-
use water. But irrigation doesn't need to     terns, going dormant during drought
cover every inch of the golf course, and      and recovering when precipitation
the savvy superintendent       can score      returns to normal.
political points with neighbors, activists        Other grass species are adapted to
and the media by taking a few steps           various climates around North America
to save water using principles of xeric       and would be appropriate for water
landscaping.                                  conservation    or xeriscaping. Meyer
    Xeric landscapes represent a con-         zoysiagrass is strong in the South and
scious attempt to develop plantings           Midwest. Sharps buffalograss is gaining
that are compatible with the environ-         strength in the Southwest. The Midwest
ment. Xeric landscaping may require a
                                                                          continued
change in styles as well as plant materi-
als. Any changes in plant materials at
your golf course should be preceded
with a proper plan, plant selection and
plant placement.

Start at the clubhouse
    The clubhouse is a good starting
point. If it is surrounded by bentgrass
that is mowed to almost putting green
height, why not change it to a species
that will require less water? On a north-
ern course, consider         blue grama
(Boutelouagracilis) or a tall fescue culti-
var (Festuca arundinacea).
    Other possibilities include the many
fine-leaf fescues, such as red fescue
(Festuca rubra), sheep fescue (F. ovina)
and chewings fescue (F. rubra var. com-
mutata). These can be used in poly-
stands with common Kentucky blue-
grass cultivars (such as the tough,
drought resistant Kenblue) or as a            With proper plant selection, the golf course can remain attractive without consuming exces-
monospecies. In many areas, these fine-       sive amounts of water.


                                                                                            Golf Course Management.       June 1998    61
continued        from    p.   61              instances, the superintendent can select
                                                 has fairway crested wheatgrass and the          clones from parental lines adapted to
                                                 Northwest has colonial bentgrass.               dry xeric conditions. This would give
                                                     While the greens, tees and fairways         the superintendent trees or shrubs with
                                                 must remain unaltered           for client      more uniform physical characteristics.
                                                 satisfaction, the roughs can support
                                                 grasses with lower water requirements.          Evergreens
                                                 Remember that the actual rate of water              Evergreens offer a fair palette of
                                                 use will depend on the soil's water-reten-      plant selections for xeric areas of the
                                                 tion ability, the depth of the root system      course. Colorado spruce (Picea pun-
                                                 and day-to-day environmental factors,           gens) is hardy, adaptable and drought-
                                                 as well as the species and cultivar in use.     tolerant. These characteristics, com-
                                                     Maintenance also matters. In non-           bined with its distinctive pyramidal
                                                 critical use areas, attempt to get golfers      form, make it one of the most highly
                                                 to accept grass mowed a little taller. It       prized conifers across the United States.
                                                 will make a big difference in reducing          Another close relative, the white spruce
                                                 water requirements.                             (P. glauca), is used widely in the plains
                                                                                                 because of its adaptability.
                                                 Xeric plant selections                              Although similar, these two spruces
                                                     For xeric settings around the course,       are not identical in form, especially as
                                                 try to obtain plants whose parent stock         they mature. Many Colorado spruce
                                                 came from an ecosystem similar to               cultivars will retain the tight pyramidal
                                                 those on your golf course.                      shape throughout life, while the white
                                                     For example, if bur oak (Quercus            spruce will tend to open and spread
                                                 macrocarpa) is selected for a site sus-         somewhat with maturity.
                                                 ceptible to drought, use trees that orig-           The Black Hills variety of white
                                                 inate from upland locations rather than         spruce, P. glauca var. densata, is slower
                                                 bottomlands or river valleys. In some           growing than the Colorado variety,
                                                                                                 with a dense, conical form that endures
                                                                                                 until the tree reaches 20 to 30 feet tall. It
                                                                                                 is tolerant of heat and drought. If a
                                                                                                 golfer's shot should go wild and land in
                                                                                                 a spruce, the white and Black Hills
                                                                                                 would inflict much less pain during
                                                                                                 retrieval than a Colorado          spruce
                                                                                                 because the needles are softer.
                                                                                                     Pines suitable to dry locations
                                                                                                 include Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris),
                                                                                                 Norway pine (P. resinosa), lodgepole
                                                                                                 pine (P. contorta var. latifolia) and
                                                                                                 mugo pine (P. mugo). Scotch pine will
                                                                                                 form a very attractive tree in soils that
                                                                                                 are too sandy for most other species,
                                                                                                 and the exposed orange bark of the
                                                                                                 mature tree makes a striking addition
                                                                                                 to the summer and winter landscapes.
                                                                                                 Mugo pine is often seen as a shrub in
                                                                                                 foundation plantings and eventually
                                                                                                 gets as wide as it does tall. With simple
                                                                                                 pruning each spring - breaking or
                                                                                                 trimming off new candle growth - the
Wildflower mixes are one of the most attractive ways to go xeric on a golf course. From spring
                                                                                                 plant can be maintained as a dense,
through summer, they can offer a variety of color and form.                                      drought-tolerant shrub.


62    Golf Course Management.        June 1998
Any discussion of drought-tolerant             in full sun and is less prone to winter
conifers must include junipers. Rocky              die-back than the more common
Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulo-               golden pfitzer juniper (J. x media
rum) must have dry conditions to per-              'Pfitzerana Aurea'). For vase-shaped
form well, making it one of the best can-          forms, use cultivars of the savin juniper
didates for prairie golf courses. It grows         (J. sabina). Their nice feathery form
15 to 20 feet tall, is hardy throughout            ranges from 12 to 36 inches in height.
most of USDA zone 3 and has four good
cultivars on the market:                           Larch
• Blue Haven, a broad pyramidal form                   The various larch species (Larix spp.)
   with silvery blue foliage                       offer the benefits of both deciduous and
• Medora, a narrower form, a dense                 evergreen forms of plants. The needle-
   growth habit with blue green foliage            like foliage that emerges in the spring is
• Moffetti, a dense, pyramidal form                a fresh, bright green that turns a bright
   with gray-green foliage                         golden yellow in the autumn just before
• Welchii, a dense, pyramidal plant                defoliation. The species are very adapt-
   habit with silver-green foliage                 able to a wide range of conditions, from
    For ground cover and shrub forms,              boggy sites to upland plantings that are
look to creeping juniper (J. horizonalis)          low in natural rainfall and have no seri-
cultivars. An outstanding one is J. hori-          ous insect or disease problems.
zontalis 'Depressa Aurea' that develops a
                                                                                 continued
clear golden yellow foliage when grown



      Flowers for saving water

       Here are several herbaceous flowering           plants that may thrive under reduced irrigation:

      Botanical name                              Common name                            Notable quality

      Agastache rupestris (P)                     Licorice rryint or sunset hyssop       Soft orange flowers that attract hummingbirds

      Cleome hasslerana          (A)              Spider flower or c1eome                Tall and wind-resistant;
                                                                                         good for background plantings

      Datura spp. (A)                             Angel's trumpet                        White flower, velvety foliage; can get 3 feet
                                                                                         by 3 feet in size

      Gaillardia pulchel/a       (A)              Gaillardia or blanket flower           Good for bed borders and cut flowers

      Gaillardia grandiflora       'Goblin' (P)   Gaillardia                             Very heat tolerant; looks best with occa-
                                                                                         sional watering

      Gomphrena globosa           (A)             Globe amaranth                         Good button-like   flowers for cutting/drying

      Nepeta x faaessenii 'Select Blue' (P)       Blue catmint                           Sterile - no worry about it becoming weedy

      Penstemon strictus (P)                      Rocky Mountain    penstemon            Tall (24 inches) showy blue flowers

      Perovskia atriplicifolia     (P)            Russian sage                           Large (4 feet tall, 3 feet wide) with grey,
                                                                                         aromatic foliage, smoky blue flowers.

     Xanthisma       texanum (A)                  Star of Texas, sleepy daisy            2-3 inch yellow daisy-like flowers


     A   = annual;    P = perennial


                                                                                             ..

                                                                                                   Golf Course Management     •   June 1998   63
continued      from    p.   63            Deciduous trees
                                                 Depending on location, these four           One of the most drought-tolerant
                                              species are your best choice:              deciduous      trees is the green ash
                                                1. decidua. This European larch is a     (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). It also rates
                                                large-growing species with a broad,      high in salt tolerance, ease of trans-
                                                pyramidal form becoming wider and        planting and speed of establishment.
                                                more irregular as it matures.            Select from seedless cultivars to prevent
                                                Possessing graceful, pendulous           weedy seedlings from sprouting all over
                                                branches, it is an excellent tree for    the course. Some of the better cultivars
                                                large open spaces. It is hardy           adapted to the upper Midwest are:
                                                throughout zone 3.                       • Bergeson, a fast-growing, hardy
                                                1. kampferi. The Japanese larch has a       cultivar that is a good choice where
                                                similar appearance to the European          space is limited, has an upright oval
                                                larch, but it is hardy only to USDA         crown and a straight trunk .
                                                zone 4.                                  • Dakota Centennial, a strong central
                                                1. laricina. The American or tama-          leader with dark green foliage and a
                                                rack larch is found from Alaska to          globe shape
                                                Pennsylvania. It is attractive in mass   • Kindred; a fast-growing, strong cen-
                                                plantings .                                 tralleader with a rounded crown
                                                1. siberica. The Siberian larch          • Marshall's Seedless, another good,
             Grounds workers and out-
                                                arrived from Siberia and is native to       vigorous male clone (seedless) that
             of-bounds golfers will enjoy
             Black Hills spruce because         the epitome of xeric landscapes -           has attractive yellow fall color
             its relatively soft needles        dry, cold and windswept - making it      • Prairie Dome, a new cultivar with a
             inflict few scratches. The
                                                the best adapted species for such a         dense oval crown becoming more
             tree also tolerates some-
             what dry conditions .              landscape setting.                          rounded with age
                                                                                         • Prairie Spire, a rapid-growing
                                                                                            form with a compact, broad colum-
                                                                                            nar to narrow pyramidal crown with
     Maintenance of xeric plantings                                                         good fall color
                                                                                             All of these are very hardy, but green
                                                                                         ash is overused in many residential and
                                                                                         city landscapes, which leaves urban
           Many established plantings can be made more xeric (to require                 forests vulnerable to decimation by a
       less water) by following a few steps:                                             single plant disease. Avoid cultivars that
                                                                                         have been heavily planted in your com-
       1. Don't create lush growth by over-fertilizing or over-watering.
                                                                                         munity and attempt to get multiple cul-
          Do both these practices to meet the needs of the plants,
          nothing more.                                                                  tivars if this species is one of your con-
                                                                                         siderations.
       2. Xeric means the wise use of water, not the total lack of it. When                  Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) is a
          water is applied, perhaps by drip irrigation, put it where it can be           long-lived, stately tree that, once estab-
          most efficiently used - deep in the root zone.                                 lished, is fully adapted to an environ-
                                                                                         ment susceptible to drought. Be sure to
       3. Be generous with organic mulches. Using 2 to 4 inches of bark,                 give this tree plenty of room to grow,
          chipper debris or compost to cover the soil around the base of the             though - its height and spread can
          plant will help control weeds (big water robbers) and conserve                 reach 80 feet.
          water already in the soil.
                                                                                             Smaller trees that could provide nice
                                                                                         accents to any golf course landscape are
       4. Look for ways to cut down on unnecessary turf areas, and make
          sure that flower beds beside turf are shaped with smooth, free-                found in the tatarian and amur maples
          flowing lines for easy mowing.                                                 (Acer tataricum and A. ginnala). Both
                                                                                         grow to about 15 to 18 feet in height,
                                                                                         have little to no problems and provide
                                                                                         good fall color, especially if the cultivars
                                                                                         of the amur maple are selected. All are


64   Golf Course Management   •   June 1998
Asters are important xeric perennials with summer and early-autumn bloom. These sturdy plants will not tolerate wet, poorly
drained soils. Most, like this Aster ceduifo/ia, provide a beautiful bloom.


hardy through zone 3. Both can also be            angular bark extensions or "wings" are the        an information and education effort.
used attractively in planters or patios           basis for the common name. The standard               Take every opportunity to educate
around the clubhouse.                             species will reach 6 feet tall and have bright    and inform golfers and neighbors via
                                                  red fall color, while dwarf cultivars will        signs, seminars, press releases and
Deciduous shrubs                                  reach about 3 feet in height. They do not         board meetings. Arm yourself with data
    One of the best shrubs for xeric              have noticeable flowers.                          and information to ensure you can
landscaping is the potentilla or cinque-              For blooms, turn to lilacs. The               sell your ideas to your critics, skeptics
foil (Potentilla fruticosa), a very durable       Chinese lilac (Syringa X chinensis) and           and employers .•
shrub that produces sulfur-colored,               the late lilac (S. villosa) will both reach
orange or white flowers from early                10 feet tall and be covered with fragrant                              References
                                                                                                    1. Dirr, M. 1990. Woody landscape plants. Stipes
summer until frost. The species has very          blooms in mid spring.                                Publishing Co., Champaign, Ill.
few insect and disease problems,                      The wayfaring          tree viburnum          2. Ellefson, c., T. Stephens and D. Welsh. 1992.
reaches no more than about 3 feet in              (Viburnum        lantana)        is  another         Xeriscape gardening. MacMillan, New York.
                                                                                                    3. Proctor, B. 1996. Xeriscape plant guide.
height and makes a dense shrub with-              drought-tolerant beauty that produces                Denver Water and American Water Works
out pruning. It can be used as a low.             creamy-white flowers, followed by col-               Association. Denver, Colo.
hedge or in foundation            plantings       orful fruit (yellow, red and black -              4. Smith, R.C. 1997. Xeriscape plant selections
                                                                                                       and ideas. Extension Publication No. H-957,
around the clubhouse. This plant does             often all at once) that attracts the song-           North Dakota State University, Fargo (online
require full sun, as it tends to perform          birds. Give it room to grow as this                  at http://www/ag.ndsu.nodak.edul).
poorly in shade, where it becomes vul-            species can exceed 10 feet in height and          5. Still, S.M. 1988. Manual of herbaceous orna-
                                                                                                       mental     plants.    Stipes Publishing  Co.,
nerable to powdery mildew. The seed               have an equal spread.                                Champaign, Ill.
and leaves that remain through the win-
ter are attractive to over-wintering birds        End at the clubhouse
for food and shelter.                                Regardless of how successful you may
    The winged euonymus, also known as            be at saving water and beautifying the
                                                                                                    Ronald C. Smith, Ph.D., is extension horticulturist
burning bush (Euonymus alatus), is almost         course, your attempts to go "xeric" will          and turfgrass specialist at North Dakota State
as durable as the potentilla. Its unique          go unappreciated unless you put forth             University.


                                                                                                   Golf Course   Management      •    June 1998     65

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Native Woodland Gardens for Homes
Native Woodland Gardens for HomesNative Woodland Gardens for Homes
Native Woodland Gardens for HomesFulvia52x
 
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...Finola87v
 
Xeriscaping at Home - Brooks, Canada
Xeriscaping at Home - Brooks, CanadaXeriscaping at Home - Brooks, Canada
Xeriscaping at Home - Brooks, CanadaSimm846q
 
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, Colorado
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoThe 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, Colorado
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoEric832w
 
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape Association
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape AssociationXeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape Association
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape AssociationSimm846q
 
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and Where
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and WhereNative Plants of Maryland: What, When and Where
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and WhereFulvia52x
 
Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...
Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...
Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...Finola87v
 
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New Jersey
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New JerseyConserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New Jersey
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New JerseyKardatou54a
 
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, Australia
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, AustraliaXeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, Australia
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, AustraliaEric851q
 
MI: Landscaping For Water Quality
MI: Landscaping For Water QualityMI: Landscaping For Water Quality
MI: Landscaping For Water QualitySotirakou964
 
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British Columbia
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British ColumbiaGardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British Columbia
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British ColumbiaFujita64g
 
Garden Watersaver - Gold Coast, Australia
Garden Watersaver - Gold Coast, AustraliaGarden Watersaver - Gold Coast, Australia
Garden Watersaver - Gold Coast, AustraliaFujita64g
 
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower GrowersWoody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower GrowersElisaMendelsohn
 
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens Brochure
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens BrochureAppoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens Brochure
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens BrochureSotirakou964
 
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know before
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know before4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know before
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know beforeMTNativeLandscapes
 
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient Gardening
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient GardeningLa Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient Gardening
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient GardeningSotirakou964
 
Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures
Overview of Cover Crops and Green ManuresOverview of Cover Crops and Green Manures
Overview of Cover Crops and Green ManuresElisaMendelsohn
 
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State University
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State UniversityDeciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State University
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State UniversityKardatou54a
 
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife Habitat
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife HabitatTN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife Habitat
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife HabitatSotirakou964
 

La actualidad más candente (19)

Native Woodland Gardens for Homes
Native Woodland Gardens for HomesNative Woodland Gardens for Homes
Native Woodland Gardens for Homes
 
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...
 
Xeriscaping at Home - Brooks, Canada
Xeriscaping at Home - Brooks, CanadaXeriscaping at Home - Brooks, Canada
Xeriscaping at Home - Brooks, Canada
 
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, Colorado
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoThe 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, Colorado
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, Colorado
 
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape Association
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape AssociationXeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape Association
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape Association
 
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and Where
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and WhereNative Plants of Maryland: What, When and Where
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and Where
 
Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...
Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...
Selected Native Shrubs of Northern Nevada: Are They Right for the Home Landsc...
 
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New Jersey
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New JerseyConserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New Jersey
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New Jersey
 
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, Australia
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, AustraliaXeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, Australia
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, Australia
 
MI: Landscaping For Water Quality
MI: Landscaping For Water QualityMI: Landscaping For Water Quality
MI: Landscaping For Water Quality
 
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British Columbia
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British ColumbiaGardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British Columbia
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British Columbia
 
Garden Watersaver - Gold Coast, Australia
Garden Watersaver - Gold Coast, AustraliaGarden Watersaver - Gold Coast, Australia
Garden Watersaver - Gold Coast, Australia
 
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower GrowersWoody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
 
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens Brochure
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens BrochureAppoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens Brochure
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens Brochure
 
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know before
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know before4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know before
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know before
 
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient Gardening
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient GardeningLa Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient Gardening
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient Gardening
 
Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures
Overview of Cover Crops and Green ManuresOverview of Cover Crops and Green Manures
Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures
 
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State University
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State UniversityDeciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State University
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State University
 
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife Habitat
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife HabitatTN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife Habitat
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife Habitat
 

Similar a Water conservation with xeriscape principles Careful plant selection

Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State UniversityXeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State UniversityEric851q
 
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State UniversityXeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State UniversityEric851q
 
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New Zealand
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New ZealandA Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New Zealand
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New ZealandKama158x
 
Drought-Tolerant Ornamentals
Drought-Tolerant OrnamentalsDrought-Tolerant Ornamentals
Drought-Tolerant OrnamentalsFabienne22Q
 
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State University
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State UniversityXeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State University
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State UniversitySimm846q
 
Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...
Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...
Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...Kardatou54a
 
Xeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State UniversityXeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State UniversitySimm846q
 
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower GrowersWoody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower GrowersElisaMendelsohn
 
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black Walnuts
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black WalnutsCompanion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black Walnuts
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black WalnutsAliki85w
 
Natural vegetation and wildlife
Natural vegetation and wildlifeNatural vegetation and wildlife
Natural vegetation and wildlifethemassmaker
 
Water Efficient Landscapes - California
Water Efficient Landscapes - CaliforniaWater Efficient Landscapes - California
Water Efficient Landscapes - CaliforniaKaila694m
 
Plants adaptations presentation for kids
Plants adaptations presentation for kidsPlants adaptations presentation for kids
Plants adaptations presentation for kidsVerónica Estapé
 
Drought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M University
Drought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M UniversityDrought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M University
Drought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M UniversityFabienne22Q
 
Xeriscape Plants - University of Hawaii
Xeriscape Plants - University of HawaiiXeriscape Plants - University of Hawaii
Xeriscape Plants - University of HawaiiSimm846q
 
Turf Drough Tresistance
Turf Drough TresistanceTurf Drough Tresistance
Turf Drough Tresistancesherylwil
 
Relative resourcemanager
Relative resourcemanagerRelative resourcemanager
Relative resourcemanagercollette632
 
Wyoming: Best Plants for Your Landscape
Wyoming: Best Plants for Your LandscapeWyoming: Best Plants for Your Landscape
Wyoming: Best Plants for Your LandscapeEric832w
 
Tough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - Australia
Tough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - AustraliaTough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - Australia
Tough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - Australiasodj49v
 

Similar a Water conservation with xeriscape principles Careful plant selection (20)

Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State UniversityXeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State University
 
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State UniversityXeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State University
 
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New Zealand
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New ZealandA Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New Zealand
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New Zealand
 
Drought-Tolerant Ornamentals
Drought-Tolerant OrnamentalsDrought-Tolerant Ornamentals
Drought-Tolerant Ornamentals
 
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State University
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State UniversityXeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State University
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State University
 
Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...
Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...
Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...
 
Xeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State UniversityXeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State University
Xeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State University
 
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower GrowersWoody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower Growers
 
The Gymnosperms
The GymnospermsThe Gymnosperms
The Gymnosperms
 
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black Walnuts
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black WalnutsCompanion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black Walnuts
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black Walnuts
 
Natural vegetation and wildlife
Natural vegetation and wildlifeNatural vegetation and wildlife
Natural vegetation and wildlife
 
Water Efficient Landscapes - California
Water Efficient Landscapes - CaliforniaWater Efficient Landscapes - California
Water Efficient Landscapes - California
 
Plants adaptations presentation for kids
Plants adaptations presentation for kidsPlants adaptations presentation for kids
Plants adaptations presentation for kids
 
Drought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M University
Drought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M UniversityDrought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M University
Drought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M University
 
Xeriscape Plants - University of Hawaii
Xeriscape Plants - University of HawaiiXeriscape Plants - University of Hawaii
Xeriscape Plants - University of Hawaii
 
Turf Drough Tresistance
Turf Drough TresistanceTurf Drough Tresistance
Turf Drough Tresistance
 
Relative resourcemanager
Relative resourcemanagerRelative resourcemanager
Relative resourcemanager
 
Wyoming: Best Plants for Your Landscape
Wyoming: Best Plants for Your LandscapeWyoming: Best Plants for Your Landscape
Wyoming: Best Plants for Your Landscape
 
Desert
DesertDesert
Desert
 
Tough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - Australia
Tough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - AustraliaTough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - Australia
Tough, Local Native Trees for Your School Yard - Australia
 

Más de Eric832w

Sustainable Landscape Design in Arid Climates
Sustainable Landscape Design in Arid ClimatesSustainable Landscape Design in Arid Climates
Sustainable Landscape Design in Arid ClimatesEric832w
 
Tales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, Arizona
Tales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, ArizonaTales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, Arizona
Tales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, ArizonaEric832w
 
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New Mexico
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New MexicoThe Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New Mexico
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New MexicoEric832w
 
The Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to Produce
The Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to ProduceThe Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to Produce
The Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to ProduceEric832w
 
The Organic School Garden
The Organic School GardenThe Organic School Garden
The Organic School GardenEric832w
 
The Sustainability Strategy - University of British Columbia
The Sustainability Strategy - University of British ColumbiaThe Sustainability Strategy - University of British Columbia
The Sustainability Strategy - University of British ColumbiaEric832w
 
The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners
The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners
The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners Eric832w
 
Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...
Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...
Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...Eric832w
 
Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...
Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...
Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...Eric832w
 
University of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant Inventory
University of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant InventoryUniversity of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant Inventory
University of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant InventoryEric832w
 
Urban Water Efficiency Program Summaries
Urban Water Efficiency Program SummariesUrban Water Efficiency Program Summaries
Urban Water Efficiency Program SummariesEric832w
 
Water Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser River
Water Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser RiverWater Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser River
Water Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser RiverEric832w
 
Water Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, CanadaWater Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, CanadaEric832w
 
Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, CanadaWater Conservation Survey - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, CanadaEric832w
 
Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...
Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...
Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...Eric832w
 
Water Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources Wisely
Water Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources WiselyWater Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources Wisely
Water Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources WiselyEric832w
 
Water: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USA
Water: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USAWater: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USA
Water: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USAEric832w
 
Water Wise Gardening or Xeriscape
Water Wise Gardening or XeriscapeWater Wise Gardening or Xeriscape
Water Wise Gardening or XeriscapeEric832w
 
Water-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building Manual
Water-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building ManualWater-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building Manual
Water-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building ManualEric832w
 
Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...
Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...
Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...Eric832w
 

Más de Eric832w (20)

Sustainable Landscape Design in Arid Climates
Sustainable Landscape Design in Arid ClimatesSustainable Landscape Design in Arid Climates
Sustainable Landscape Design in Arid Climates
 
Tales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, Arizona
Tales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, ArizonaTales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, Arizona
Tales From the Garden: Xeriscape Botanical Garden - Glendale, Arizona
 
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New Mexico
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New MexicoThe Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New Mexico
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New Mexico
 
The Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to Produce
The Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to ProduceThe Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to Produce
The Milk in Your Cereal Took 140 Gallons of Water to Produce
 
The Organic School Garden
The Organic School GardenThe Organic School Garden
The Organic School Garden
 
The Sustainability Strategy - University of British Columbia
The Sustainability Strategy - University of British ColumbiaThe Sustainability Strategy - University of British Columbia
The Sustainability Strategy - University of British Columbia
 
The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners
The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners
The Xeriscape Issue - the Gardeners’ Gazette, Deleware Master Gardeners
 
Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...
Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...
Top 10 Ways Communities Can Save Water and Money - University of Victoria, Ca...
 
Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...
Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...
Turning on the tap: Helping students make informed choices about how they use...
 
University of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant Inventory
University of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant InventoryUniversity of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant Inventory
University of Idaho Xeriscape Garden Living Plant Inventory
 
Urban Water Efficiency Program Summaries
Urban Water Efficiency Program SummariesUrban Water Efficiency Program Summaries
Urban Water Efficiency Program Summaries
 
Water Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser River
Water Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser RiverWater Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser River
Water Conservation and salmon issues for lower Fraser River
 
Water Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, CanadaWater Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Planning Guide - British Columbia, Canada
 
Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, CanadaWater Conservation Survey - British Columbia, Canada
Water Conservation Survey - British Columbia, Canada
 
Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...
Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...
Water Efficient Landscaping: Florida State University's Commitment to Xerisca...
 
Water Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources Wisely
Water Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources WiselyWater Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources Wisely
Water Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources Wisely
 
Water: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USA
Water: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USAWater: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USA
Water: The Potential Consequences of Global Warming for Water Resources in USA
 
Water Wise Gardening or Xeriscape
Water Wise Gardening or XeriscapeWater Wise Gardening or Xeriscape
Water Wise Gardening or Xeriscape
 
Water-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building Manual
Water-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building ManualWater-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building Manual
Water-Efficient Landscape Design - New Jersey Green Building Manual
 
Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...
Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...
Waterwise Florida Landscapes: Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using...
 

Último

30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.docdieu18
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfArthyR3
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...Marlene Maheu
 
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptxBBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptxProf. Kanchan Kumari
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchRushdi Shams
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptxmary850239
 
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...AKSHAYMAGAR17
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhatriParmar
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptxGOWSIKRAJA PALANISAMY
 
Pharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdf
Pharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdfPharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdf
Pharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdfSumit Tiwari
 
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxMetabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024bsellato
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandDr. Sarita Anand
 
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxMetabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 

Último (20)

30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
 
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
 
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptxBBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
 
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
 
Pharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdf
Pharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdfPharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdf
Pharmacology chapter No 7 full notes.pdf
 
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxMetabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
 
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research MethodologyANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
 
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
 
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodologyt-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
 
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxMetabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
 

Water conservation with xeriscape principles Careful plant selection

  • 1. Water conservation with xeriscape principles Careful plant selection can help reduce irrigation needs. Ronald C. Smith, Ph.D. For a golf course to succeed, it must leaf fescues do well on local rainfall pat- use water. But irrigation doesn't need to terns, going dormant during drought cover every inch of the golf course, and and recovering when precipitation the savvy superintendent can score returns to normal. political points with neighbors, activists Other grass species are adapted to and the media by taking a few steps various climates around North America to save water using principles of xeric and would be appropriate for water landscaping. conservation or xeriscaping. Meyer Xeric landscapes represent a con- zoysiagrass is strong in the South and scious attempt to develop plantings Midwest. Sharps buffalograss is gaining that are compatible with the environ- strength in the Southwest. The Midwest ment. Xeric landscaping may require a continued change in styles as well as plant materi- als. Any changes in plant materials at your golf course should be preceded with a proper plan, plant selection and plant placement. Start at the clubhouse The clubhouse is a good starting point. If it is surrounded by bentgrass that is mowed to almost putting green height, why not change it to a species that will require less water? On a north- ern course, consider blue grama (Boutelouagracilis) or a tall fescue culti- var (Festuca arundinacea). Other possibilities include the many fine-leaf fescues, such as red fescue (Festuca rubra), sheep fescue (F. ovina) and chewings fescue (F. rubra var. com- mutata). These can be used in poly- stands with common Kentucky blue- grass cultivars (such as the tough, drought resistant Kenblue) or as a With proper plant selection, the golf course can remain attractive without consuming exces- monospecies. In many areas, these fine- sive amounts of water. Golf Course Management. June 1998 61
  • 2. continued from p. 61 instances, the superintendent can select has fairway crested wheatgrass and the clones from parental lines adapted to Northwest has colonial bentgrass. dry xeric conditions. This would give While the greens, tees and fairways the superintendent trees or shrubs with must remain unaltered for client more uniform physical characteristics. satisfaction, the roughs can support grasses with lower water requirements. Evergreens Remember that the actual rate of water Evergreens offer a fair palette of use will depend on the soil's water-reten- plant selections for xeric areas of the tion ability, the depth of the root system course. Colorado spruce (Picea pun- and day-to-day environmental factors, gens) is hardy, adaptable and drought- as well as the species and cultivar in use. tolerant. These characteristics, com- Maintenance also matters. In non- bined with its distinctive pyramidal critical use areas, attempt to get golfers form, make it one of the most highly to accept grass mowed a little taller. It prized conifers across the United States. will make a big difference in reducing Another close relative, the white spruce water requirements. (P. glauca), is used widely in the plains because of its adaptability. Xeric plant selections Although similar, these two spruces For xeric settings around the course, are not identical in form, especially as try to obtain plants whose parent stock they mature. Many Colorado spruce came from an ecosystem similar to cultivars will retain the tight pyramidal those on your golf course. shape throughout life, while the white For example, if bur oak (Quercus spruce will tend to open and spread macrocarpa) is selected for a site sus- somewhat with maturity. ceptible to drought, use trees that orig- The Black Hills variety of white inate from upland locations rather than spruce, P. glauca var. densata, is slower bottomlands or river valleys. In some growing than the Colorado variety, with a dense, conical form that endures until the tree reaches 20 to 30 feet tall. It is tolerant of heat and drought. If a golfer's shot should go wild and land in a spruce, the white and Black Hills would inflict much less pain during retrieval than a Colorado spruce because the needles are softer. Pines suitable to dry locations include Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway pine (P. resinosa), lodgepole pine (P. contorta var. latifolia) and mugo pine (P. mugo). Scotch pine will form a very attractive tree in soils that are too sandy for most other species, and the exposed orange bark of the mature tree makes a striking addition to the summer and winter landscapes. Mugo pine is often seen as a shrub in foundation plantings and eventually gets as wide as it does tall. With simple pruning each spring - breaking or trimming off new candle growth - the Wildflower mixes are one of the most attractive ways to go xeric on a golf course. From spring plant can be maintained as a dense, through summer, they can offer a variety of color and form. drought-tolerant shrub. 62 Golf Course Management. June 1998
  • 3. Any discussion of drought-tolerant in full sun and is less prone to winter conifers must include junipers. Rocky die-back than the more common Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulo- golden pfitzer juniper (J. x media rum) must have dry conditions to per- 'Pfitzerana Aurea'). For vase-shaped form well, making it one of the best can- forms, use cultivars of the savin juniper didates for prairie golf courses. It grows (J. sabina). Their nice feathery form 15 to 20 feet tall, is hardy throughout ranges from 12 to 36 inches in height. most of USDA zone 3 and has four good cultivars on the market: Larch • Blue Haven, a broad pyramidal form The various larch species (Larix spp.) with silvery blue foliage offer the benefits of both deciduous and • Medora, a narrower form, a dense evergreen forms of plants. The needle- growth habit with blue green foliage like foliage that emerges in the spring is • Moffetti, a dense, pyramidal form a fresh, bright green that turns a bright with gray-green foliage golden yellow in the autumn just before • Welchii, a dense, pyramidal plant defoliation. The species are very adapt- habit with silver-green foliage able to a wide range of conditions, from For ground cover and shrub forms, boggy sites to upland plantings that are look to creeping juniper (J. horizonalis) low in natural rainfall and have no seri- cultivars. An outstanding one is J. hori- ous insect or disease problems. zontalis 'Depressa Aurea' that develops a continued clear golden yellow foliage when grown Flowers for saving water Here are several herbaceous flowering plants that may thrive under reduced irrigation: Botanical name Common name Notable quality Agastache rupestris (P) Licorice rryint or sunset hyssop Soft orange flowers that attract hummingbirds Cleome hasslerana (A) Spider flower or c1eome Tall and wind-resistant; good for background plantings Datura spp. (A) Angel's trumpet White flower, velvety foliage; can get 3 feet by 3 feet in size Gaillardia pulchel/a (A) Gaillardia or blanket flower Good for bed borders and cut flowers Gaillardia grandiflora 'Goblin' (P) Gaillardia Very heat tolerant; looks best with occa- sional watering Gomphrena globosa (A) Globe amaranth Good button-like flowers for cutting/drying Nepeta x faaessenii 'Select Blue' (P) Blue catmint Sterile - no worry about it becoming weedy Penstemon strictus (P) Rocky Mountain penstemon Tall (24 inches) showy blue flowers Perovskia atriplicifolia (P) Russian sage Large (4 feet tall, 3 feet wide) with grey, aromatic foliage, smoky blue flowers. Xanthisma texanum (A) Star of Texas, sleepy daisy 2-3 inch yellow daisy-like flowers A = annual; P = perennial .. Golf Course Management • June 1998 63
  • 4. continued from p. 63 Deciduous trees Depending on location, these four One of the most drought-tolerant species are your best choice: deciduous trees is the green ash 1. decidua. This European larch is a (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). It also rates large-growing species with a broad, high in salt tolerance, ease of trans- pyramidal form becoming wider and planting and speed of establishment. more irregular as it matures. Select from seedless cultivars to prevent Possessing graceful, pendulous weedy seedlings from sprouting all over branches, it is an excellent tree for the course. Some of the better cultivars large open spaces. It is hardy adapted to the upper Midwest are: throughout zone 3. • Bergeson, a fast-growing, hardy 1. kampferi. The Japanese larch has a cultivar that is a good choice where similar appearance to the European space is limited, has an upright oval larch, but it is hardy only to USDA crown and a straight trunk . zone 4. • Dakota Centennial, a strong central 1. laricina. The American or tama- leader with dark green foliage and a rack larch is found from Alaska to globe shape Pennsylvania. It is attractive in mass • Kindred; a fast-growing, strong cen- plantings . tralleader with a rounded crown 1. siberica. The Siberian larch • Marshall's Seedless, another good, Grounds workers and out- arrived from Siberia and is native to vigorous male clone (seedless) that of-bounds golfers will enjoy Black Hills spruce because the epitome of xeric landscapes - has attractive yellow fall color its relatively soft needles dry, cold and windswept - making it • Prairie Dome, a new cultivar with a inflict few scratches. The the best adapted species for such a dense oval crown becoming more tree also tolerates some- what dry conditions . landscape setting. rounded with age • Prairie Spire, a rapid-growing form with a compact, broad colum- nar to narrow pyramidal crown with Maintenance of xeric plantings good fall color All of these are very hardy, but green ash is overused in many residential and city landscapes, which leaves urban Many established plantings can be made more xeric (to require forests vulnerable to decimation by a less water) by following a few steps: single plant disease. Avoid cultivars that have been heavily planted in your com- 1. Don't create lush growth by over-fertilizing or over-watering. munity and attempt to get multiple cul- Do both these practices to meet the needs of the plants, nothing more. tivars if this species is one of your con- siderations. 2. Xeric means the wise use of water, not the total lack of it. When Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) is a water is applied, perhaps by drip irrigation, put it where it can be long-lived, stately tree that, once estab- most efficiently used - deep in the root zone. lished, is fully adapted to an environ- ment susceptible to drought. Be sure to 3. Be generous with organic mulches. Using 2 to 4 inches of bark, give this tree plenty of room to grow, chipper debris or compost to cover the soil around the base of the though - its height and spread can plant will help control weeds (big water robbers) and conserve reach 80 feet. water already in the soil. Smaller trees that could provide nice accents to any golf course landscape are 4. Look for ways to cut down on unnecessary turf areas, and make sure that flower beds beside turf are shaped with smooth, free- found in the tatarian and amur maples flowing lines for easy mowing. (Acer tataricum and A. ginnala). Both grow to about 15 to 18 feet in height, have little to no problems and provide good fall color, especially if the cultivars of the amur maple are selected. All are 64 Golf Course Management • June 1998
  • 5. Asters are important xeric perennials with summer and early-autumn bloom. These sturdy plants will not tolerate wet, poorly drained soils. Most, like this Aster ceduifo/ia, provide a beautiful bloom. hardy through zone 3. Both can also be angular bark extensions or "wings" are the an information and education effort. used attractively in planters or patios basis for the common name. The standard Take every opportunity to educate around the clubhouse. species will reach 6 feet tall and have bright and inform golfers and neighbors via red fall color, while dwarf cultivars will signs, seminars, press releases and Deciduous shrubs reach about 3 feet in height. They do not board meetings. Arm yourself with data One of the best shrubs for xeric have noticeable flowers. and information to ensure you can landscaping is the potentilla or cinque- For blooms, turn to lilacs. The sell your ideas to your critics, skeptics foil (Potentilla fruticosa), a very durable Chinese lilac (Syringa X chinensis) and and employers .• shrub that produces sulfur-colored, the late lilac (S. villosa) will both reach orange or white flowers from early 10 feet tall and be covered with fragrant References 1. Dirr, M. 1990. Woody landscape plants. Stipes summer until frost. The species has very blooms in mid spring. Publishing Co., Champaign, Ill. few insect and disease problems, The wayfaring tree viburnum 2. Ellefson, c., T. Stephens and D. Welsh. 1992. reaches no more than about 3 feet in (Viburnum lantana) is another Xeriscape gardening. MacMillan, New York. 3. Proctor, B. 1996. Xeriscape plant guide. height and makes a dense shrub with- drought-tolerant beauty that produces Denver Water and American Water Works out pruning. It can be used as a low. creamy-white flowers, followed by col- Association. Denver, Colo. hedge or in foundation plantings orful fruit (yellow, red and black - 4. Smith, R.C. 1997. Xeriscape plant selections and ideas. Extension Publication No. H-957, around the clubhouse. This plant does often all at once) that attracts the song- North Dakota State University, Fargo (online require full sun, as it tends to perform birds. Give it room to grow as this at http://www/ag.ndsu.nodak.edul). poorly in shade, where it becomes vul- species can exceed 10 feet in height and 5. Still, S.M. 1988. Manual of herbaceous orna- mental plants. Stipes Publishing Co., nerable to powdery mildew. The seed have an equal spread. Champaign, Ill. and leaves that remain through the win- ter are attractive to over-wintering birds End at the clubhouse for food and shelter. Regardless of how successful you may The winged euonymus, also known as be at saving water and beautifying the Ronald C. Smith, Ph.D., is extension horticulturist burning bush (Euonymus alatus), is almost course, your attempts to go "xeric" will and turfgrass specialist at North Dakota State as durable as the potentilla. Its unique go unappreciated unless you put forth University. Golf Course Management • June 1998 65