1. Infection Control and Quality
Improvement Theories
Rachel Duffy
Eva van Swaaij
Phomolo Flex Madome

2. FADE and wound infections
• F: Focus on wound
infections
• A: See what can be done
Focus to prevent wound
infections
Execute Analyse • D: Develop a plan that
can be implemented in
your setting
Develop • E: Implement your plan
 Evaluate and start
again, focussing on new
areas

3. PDSA
• This quality improvement approach is widely
used for process improvement.
• It has been used in hand hygiene
improvement projects
• In cost-effectiveness of pressure ulcer quality
collaborative research
• Have also been used in infection control
projects and improvements

4. • It will engage those give/given the care
• It initiates change in a simple approach
• Implementation of quality improvement
interventions can be complicated if the PDCA
cycle is not utilized (Robichaud, 2004).
• Quality improvement projects utilizing the PDCA
in long-term care setting offers knowledge gained
from these projects and may help increase the
understanding of implementing effective change
(Robichaud, 2004).

5. • Used to conduct small-scale tests of change
• Then small PDSA cycles can be linked for
broader implementation

6. PDSA
Plan
• Will wound culturing be easy for
staff, will staff give necessary
education and comply with new
procedures, who is going to do
what?
Do Plan Do
• The team do planned activities for
change
Study
• Did culturing go right, necessary Act Study
education given, proper procedures
followed, any suggestions?
• Act
• Repeat test using suggestions
given, Plan for the cycle if tests are
successful

7. TQM- Principles
• 1.Customer focused-Organizations depend on their customers
and therefore should understand current and future customer
needs, should meet customer requirements and strive to exceed
customer expectations
• 2. Leadership- Leaders establish unity of purpose and direction.
They should create and maintain the internal environment in
which people can become fully involved in achieving the
organization's objectives
• 3.Involvement of people- People at all levels are the essence of
an organization and their full involvement enables their abilities
to be used for the organization's benefit.
• 4.Process approach-A desired result is achieved more efficiently
when activities and related resources are managed as a process.

8. • 5.System approach to management- Identifying, understanding
and managing a system of interrelated processes as a system
contributes to the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency in
achieving its objectives.
• 6.Continual improvement- Continual improvement of the
organization's overall performance should be a permanent
objective of the organization.
• 7.Factual approach to decision making- Effective decisions are
based on the analysis of data and information.
• 8.Mutually beneficial supplier relationships- An organization and
its suppliers are interdependent and a mutually beneficial
relationship enhances the ability of both to create value

9. Behavioural Theories in Infection
control
Lowbury Lecture
Cognitive determinants of human behaviour
• knowledge
• motivation
• intention
• perception of threat
• Outcome expectancy/attitude
• Perceived behavioural control/self efficacy
• Social pressure

10. References
• Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (2005)
Patient Safety – Quality Improvement. What is Quality Improvement? Retrieved on the 19th
of April 2012 from: http://patientsafetyed.duhs.duke.edu/module_a/module_overview.html
• Robichaud, T,. G. (2004). AN INNOVATIVE PROJECT TO TRANSFORM THE ACQUISITION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF INVENTORY SUPPLY IN AN EFFORT TO LOWER PROCUREMENT COSTS.
COLLEGE OF NURSING. The University of Arizona
• Patient Safety Curriculum Guide. Topic 7 Using quality-improvement methods to improve
care. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/PSP_mpc_topic-07.pdf
• Pitteta, D. (2004). The Lowbury lecture: behaviour in infection control. Journal of Hospital
Infection, 58 (1), 1–13. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/10.1016/j.jhin.2004.06.002
• Patel, G. (2010).Total Quality Management in Healthcare. Retrieved from
http://www.biomedicalprojects.com/files/TQM%20in%20Healthcare.pdf

11. Search strategy
• Eva: I used the references from last time I
worked on the FADE model. I also searched in
pubmed to find specific articles where the
FADE model had been implemented in wound
care, but I didn´t find anything. So I thought of
an example for myself and used that as an
example in the presentation.
• Phomolo: Used Google scholar with key words
PDSA CYCLE and WOUND CARE.

12. Collaboration strategy
• We decided all of us would work on a QI model
and give an example with it. We agreed to meet
two hours before the presentation to put all our
parts together. Unfortunately only one team
member showed up and the others did not send
around their presentation parts. When after an
hour another team member showed up, the
presentation could be put together a bit. The last
team member agreed to work on the
presentation during the lecture, because he/she
was late.