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Building resilience & reducing vulnerabilities to
climate change in the fisheries and aquaculture
sector
Cassandra De Young
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
FAO
Outline
1. What is at stake?
2. How can we respond?
3. What are risks and vulnerabilities?
4. Examples of adaptation and mitigation in FI&AQ
 Over 500 million people depend –
directly or indirectly – on fisheries and
aquaculture for their livelihoods
 Aquatic foods provide essential
nutrition for 4 billion people and at
least 50% of animal protein and
minerals to 400 million people in the
poorest countries.
Fish products are among the most
widely-traded foods, with more than
37% by volume of world production
traded internationally.
1. What is at stake?
Building resilience & reducing vulnerabilities to climate change in the fisheries and aquaculture sector
Biophysical changes
from GHG
accumulations
Ocean currents
ENSO
Sea level rise
Rainfall
River flows
Lake levels
Thermal structure
Storm Severity
Storm frequency
Acidification
Effects on:
Production
Ecology
Fishing &
Aquaculture
operations
Communities
Livelihoods
Wider society &
Economy
Impacts on:
Species composition
Production & yield
Distribution
Diseases
Coral bleaching
Calcification
Safety & efficiency
Infrastructure
Loss/damage to assets
Risk to health & life
Displacement & conflict
Adaptation & mitigation costs
Market impacts
Water allocation
CC impacts on fisheries and aquaculture
Badjeck et al, 2010
Predicted effects on fisheries’ catch potential
Cheung et al. 2010
Economic costs to fisheries
The costs of inaction
SEI 2012
Australia - net economic
effect on fisheries due to
climate change for the year
2030
Norman-Lopez et al 2011
Climate change impacts on fisheries in West Africa:
implications for economic, food and nutritional
security
2050 versus 2000
Lam et al 2012
Understanding vulnerabilities: applied fisheries
example
Global mapping of national economies’ vulnerability to climate
change impacts on fisheries
Allison et al, 2009
Understanding Vulnerabilities: Evolving the IPCC
model
Cinner et al (2013)
Understanding Vulnerabilities of fisheries-depending
communities
Cinner et al (2013)
Plot of the vulnerability of coastal communities to the impacts of coral bleaching on fisheries
3. What can be done?
Preparing and responding to the impacts: adaptation to climate
change through broader vulnerability reduction
• Ecological, Economic and Social
Resilience
– implementation of ecosystem approach to
fisheries and aquaculture, the Code of
Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
– livelihood diversification, flexible access
rights, public and private insurance
• Technological innovation
• Planned adaptation –policy coherence
across sectors (water, agriculture,
forestry, CZM, DRR/DRM)
A few FI&AQ adaptation examples
• Diverse and flexible livelihood strategies
– Diversification of patterns of fishing/fish farming activities with respect to
the species exploited, location of fishing grounds/farms and gear used
– Changes in post-harvest techniques/practices
– Switching between rice-farming, tree-crop farming and fishing in response to
seasonal and inter-annual variations in fish availability
– Migrating along the coast or between islands
– Integrated agriculture (e.g. rice-fish)
– Selected strands of species in aquaculture
– Investing in aquaculture (e.g. mud crab, seaweed, cage)
– Culture-based capture (stocking of aquatic systems)
• Flexible and adaptable institutions
– Incorporating uncertainty into fisheries management
– Incorporating CC into policies, investments and development plans
– Allowing for flexible temporal and spatial planning to permit stock
recovery during favorable climatic periods
– Permitting flexible redistribution of fishing rights among
neighboring municipalities, according to needs and surpluses
– Applying transboundary stock management that takes into account
changes in distribution
– Implementing flexible co-management frameworks including
participatory information systems
• Risk reduction initiatives
– Reinforcing natural bariers, such as sand dunes, mangroves and
coral reefs, to dampen wave or storm damage
– Reinforcing cage and ponds
– Cage and pond siting to minimize environmental risks
– Integrating DRM into fisheries and aquaculture
– Using portable telephones to share weather related information as
part of an early warning system
– Improving saftey at sea and coast programs for small-scale fishers
and transformers
– Insurance – private, social, social-private
– Improving post-harvest processes and infrastructure to minimize
losses
Mitigation - Oceans, aquatic ecosystems
Removing emissions:
 Carbon capture and storage (sea beds, phytoplankton, and blue carbon) – BIG NUMBERS
93% carbon storage and 30% sequestration
Halt the disruption of carbon sequestration in aquatic ecosystems by, e.g., habitat
destruction
Implement mangroves and floodplain forests in REDD+ and develop blue carbon funds
Avoiding or displacing emissions:
 Renewable energy potential – tides, currents, waves, wind, hydropower, aquatic biofuels
(algae, fish oil)
Reducing emissions:
 Emissions reductions from aquatic food production systems and maritime transport (feed
and fuel hotspots in primary production, fuel use and waste/loss in post-harvest)
Thank you!
Join us for the
Global FishAdapt Adaptation on the Ground Conference,
8-10 August 2016
Bangkok, Thailand
www.fishadapt.com

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Building resilience & reducing vulnerabilities to climate change in the fisheries and aquaculture sector

  • 1. Building resilience & reducing vulnerabilities to climate change in the fisheries and aquaculture sector Cassandra De Young Fisheries and Aquaculture Department FAO
  • 2. Outline 1. What is at stake? 2. How can we respond? 3. What are risks and vulnerabilities? 4. Examples of adaptation and mitigation in FI&AQ
  • 3.  Over 500 million people depend – directly or indirectly – on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods  Aquatic foods provide essential nutrition for 4 billion people and at least 50% of animal protein and minerals to 400 million people in the poorest countries. Fish products are among the most widely-traded foods, with more than 37% by volume of world production traded internationally. 1. What is at stake?
  • 5. Biophysical changes from GHG accumulations Ocean currents ENSO Sea level rise Rainfall River flows Lake levels Thermal structure Storm Severity Storm frequency Acidification Effects on: Production Ecology Fishing & Aquaculture operations Communities Livelihoods Wider society & Economy Impacts on: Species composition Production & yield Distribution Diseases Coral bleaching Calcification Safety & efficiency Infrastructure Loss/damage to assets Risk to health & life Displacement & conflict Adaptation & mitigation costs Market impacts Water allocation CC impacts on fisheries and aquaculture Badjeck et al, 2010
  • 6. Predicted effects on fisheries’ catch potential Cheung et al. 2010
  • 7. Economic costs to fisheries The costs of inaction SEI 2012 Australia - net economic effect on fisheries due to climate change for the year 2030 Norman-Lopez et al 2011
  • 8. Climate change impacts on fisheries in West Africa: implications for economic, food and nutritional security 2050 versus 2000 Lam et al 2012
  • 9. Understanding vulnerabilities: applied fisheries example Global mapping of national economies’ vulnerability to climate change impacts on fisheries Allison et al, 2009
  • 10. Understanding Vulnerabilities: Evolving the IPCC model Cinner et al (2013)
  • 11. Understanding Vulnerabilities of fisheries-depending communities Cinner et al (2013) Plot of the vulnerability of coastal communities to the impacts of coral bleaching on fisheries
  • 12. 3. What can be done?
  • 13. Preparing and responding to the impacts: adaptation to climate change through broader vulnerability reduction • Ecological, Economic and Social Resilience – implementation of ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – livelihood diversification, flexible access rights, public and private insurance • Technological innovation • Planned adaptation –policy coherence across sectors (water, agriculture, forestry, CZM, DRR/DRM)
  • 14. A few FI&AQ adaptation examples • Diverse and flexible livelihood strategies – Diversification of patterns of fishing/fish farming activities with respect to the species exploited, location of fishing grounds/farms and gear used – Changes in post-harvest techniques/practices – Switching between rice-farming, tree-crop farming and fishing in response to seasonal and inter-annual variations in fish availability – Migrating along the coast or between islands – Integrated agriculture (e.g. rice-fish) – Selected strands of species in aquaculture – Investing in aquaculture (e.g. mud crab, seaweed, cage) – Culture-based capture (stocking of aquatic systems)
  • 15. • Flexible and adaptable institutions – Incorporating uncertainty into fisheries management – Incorporating CC into policies, investments and development plans – Allowing for flexible temporal and spatial planning to permit stock recovery during favorable climatic periods – Permitting flexible redistribution of fishing rights among neighboring municipalities, according to needs and surpluses – Applying transboundary stock management that takes into account changes in distribution – Implementing flexible co-management frameworks including participatory information systems
  • 16. • Risk reduction initiatives – Reinforcing natural bariers, such as sand dunes, mangroves and coral reefs, to dampen wave or storm damage – Reinforcing cage and ponds – Cage and pond siting to minimize environmental risks – Integrating DRM into fisheries and aquaculture – Using portable telephones to share weather related information as part of an early warning system – Improving saftey at sea and coast programs for small-scale fishers and transformers – Insurance – private, social, social-private – Improving post-harvest processes and infrastructure to minimize losses
  • 17. Mitigation - Oceans, aquatic ecosystems Removing emissions:  Carbon capture and storage (sea beds, phytoplankton, and blue carbon) – BIG NUMBERS 93% carbon storage and 30% sequestration Halt the disruption of carbon sequestration in aquatic ecosystems by, e.g., habitat destruction Implement mangroves and floodplain forests in REDD+ and develop blue carbon funds Avoiding or displacing emissions:  Renewable energy potential – tides, currents, waves, wind, hydropower, aquatic biofuels (algae, fish oil) Reducing emissions:  Emissions reductions from aquatic food production systems and maritime transport (feed and fuel hotspots in primary production, fuel use and waste/loss in post-harvest)
  • 18. Thank you! Join us for the Global FishAdapt Adaptation on the Ground Conference, 8-10 August 2016 Bangkok, Thailand www.fishadapt.com