This document discusses Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) for upscaling climate-smart agriculture practices. NAMAs were introduced in 2007 as a way for developing countries to implement mitigation actions supported by technology, financing, and capacity building. Agricultural NAMAs can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also supporting adaptation, income growth, and food security. The document outlines the steps to develop a NAMA, including identifying options, stakeholders, responsibilities, and financing sources. It also discusses criteria climate finance institutions consider when supporting NAMAs, such as greenhouse gas reductions, transformational change potential, and sustainable development benefits.

1. Na#onally
Appropriate
Mi#ga#on
Ac#ons
(NAMAs)
for
upscaling
climate-­‐smart
agriculture
prac#ces
Armine
Avagyan,
Kaisa
Kar/unen,
Caroline
De
Vit
and
Janie
Rioux
Food
and
Agriculture
Organiza?on
of
the
United
Na?ons
(FAO)
Montpellier
March
16-­‐18,
2015

2. Outline
1. Concept
of
Na?onally
Appropriate
Mi?ga?on
Ac?ons
(NAMAs)
2. Step
by
step
development
of
NAMAs
in
agriculture
and
land
use
sectors
3. Financing,
tools
and
stakeholders
4. FAO
online
learning
tool
on
NAMAs
in
agriculture
5. Conclusions

3. Background
on
NAMAs
NAMAs
concept
was
first
introduced
in
2007
in
UNFCCC’s
Bali
Ac?on
Plan,
“
[…]
Na(onally
appropriate
mi(ga(on
ac(ons
by
developing
country
Par(es
in
the
context
of
sustainable
development,
supported
and
enabled
by
technology,
financing
and
capacity
building,
in
a
measurable,
reportable
and
verifiable
manner.”
(Decision
1/CP.13,
paragraph
1
(b)
(ii))
Since
2010,
developing
countries
have
provided
informa?on
on
the
NAMAs
they
intend
to
implement.

4. NAMAs
key
characteris#cs
In
line
with
na#onal
sustainable
development
priori#es
Reduce
GHG
emissions
Monitorable,
reportable
and
verifiable
Can
receive
support
from
domes?c
and/
or
interna?onal
sources
NAMAs

5. NAMAs
benefits
A
number
of
agricultural
prac?ces
can
not
only
reduce
or
remove
GHG
emissions
but
also
may:
• support
climate
change
adapta#on
• increase
market
efficiency
and
trade
compe##veness;
• address
agriculture
as
a
driver
of
deforesta#on
and
other
land
use
changes;
• reduce
agriculture’s
contribu#on
to
non-­‐point
pollu#on
of
water
sources;
• provide
social
benefits
through
improved
land
tenure
and
governance
reform;
• promote
access
to
energy
in
rural
areas;
and
• foster
food
security.

6. NAMAs
and
CSA
GHG
emission
reduc#on
and
removal
Income,
produc#vity,
and
food
security
Climate
change
adapta#on
and
resilience
NAMAs
can
address
all
pillars
of
CSA

7. Requirements
for
scaling-­‐up
and
replica#on
of
CSA
prac#ces
Replica#on
&
scale-­‐up
Successfully
implemented
CSA
prac#ces
Suppor#ng
na#onal
policies
and
ins#tu#onal
arrangements
Financing
sources
NAMAs
can
help
scaling-­‐up
of
tested
and
successful
CSA
prac?ces
by
• Suppor?ng
appropriate
policies
and
ins?tu?onal
arrangements,
and
• Opening
access
to
sources
of
financing.

8. Step
by
step
NAMA
development
Iden?fy
op?ons
Evaluate
and
priori?ze
op?ons
Iden?fy
stakeholders
Engage
key
stakeholders
Agree
on
responsibili?es
Iden?fy
financing
sources
Develop
a
concept
note
Design
NAMA
Implement
Collect
data
for
monitoring
Evaluate,
report
and
verify
Involve
all
stakeholders

9. Fast-­‐track
NAMA
development
reduces
the
number
of
steps
needed
for
NAMA
development;
secures
the
alignment
with
sectoral
and
na?onal
development
priori?es
and
policies;
makes
it
easier
to
deliver
sustainable
development
benefits;
and
demonstrates
in-­‐country
capacity
to
implement
wider
mi?ga?on
ac?ons.
may
not
result
in
the
highest
possible
emission
reduc?ons
within
the
sector
in
contrast
to
the
in-­‐depth
pathway.
9
It
is
possible
to
build
NAMA
elements
in
an
on-­‐going
agriculture
development
programme
–
fast-­‐track
NAMA
development.

10. Clearly
defined
responsibili#es
are
vital
Iden?fy
op?ons
Evaluate
and
priori?ze
op?ons
Iden?fy
stakeholders
Engage
key
stakeholders
Agree
on
responsibili?es
Iden?fy
financing
sources
Develop
a
concept
note
Design
NAMA
Implement
Collect
data
for
monitoring
Evaluate,
report
and
verify
Involve
all
stakeholders

11. Applica#on
for
funding
Iden?fy
op?ons
Evaluate
and
priori?ze
op?ons
Iden?fy
stakeholders
Engage
key
stakeholders
Agree
on
responsibili?es
Iden?fy
financing
sources
Develop
a
concept
note
Design
NAMA
Implement
Collect
data
for
monitoring
Evaluate,
report
and
verify
Involve
all
stakeholders
Iden?fy
financing
op?ons
Apply
for
proposal
development
funds
Apply
for
implementa?on
funds
Apply
for
capacity
development
Applica#on
for
funding
is
possible
at
various
steps.

12. Sources
of
financing
for
NAMAs
in
agriculture
Sources
Domes#c
e.g.
government
budget,
private
sector,
subsidies,
loans.
Bilateral
e.g.
the
ICI
of
the
German
government
Mul#lateral
e.g.
the
NAMA
Facility,
the
Green
Climate
Fund,
GEF
Unilateral
NAMAs
• Financed
by
the
host
country
Supported
NAMAs
• Receive
interna?onal
financial
support
Hybrid
NAMAS
• Financed
by
domes?c
and
interna?onal
sources
Types of NAMAs:
preferred option by
funding agencies
NAMAs
also
aim
to
enable
environment
private
financing.

13. Criteria
for
NAMA
support
considered
by
climate
finance
ins#tu#ons
Source:
Comstock
and
Davis,
2012,
adapted
by
Wilkes
et
al.
2013b
• Amount
of
GHG
reduc?ons
• Transforma?onal
change
• Sustainable
development
benefits
• Sustainability
and
replicability
• MRV
of
GHGs
and
other
performance
metrics
Effec#veness
• NAMA
descrip?on
with
clear
boundaries
and
plans
• Consistency
with
na?onal
development
plans
• High-­‐level
poli?cal
support
and
country
ownership
• Support
from
sector
stakeholders
• Capacity
to
implement
Implementa#on
plan
• Budget
with
na?onal
contribu?ons
• Cataly?c
impact
of
interna?onal
finance
contribu?on
• Leveraging
private-­‐sector
investment
• No
duplica?on
with
other
finance
sources
• Risk
mi?ga?on
Financing
plan

14. Example:
Low
carbon
coffee
NAMA
Costa
Rica
received
financing
(7
mln
Euro)
from
the
NAMA
Facility
for
‘Low
carbon
coffee’
NAMA.
Objec#ve:
climate-­‐friendly
transforma?on
of
the
en?re
coffee
value
chain.
• The
aggregate
emission
reduc?on
-­‐
1.85
million
tonnes
CO2eq
over
20
years.
• Improved
standard
of
living
for
400
000
people.
Prerequisites
for
success
in
accessing
financing
were:
• Demonstra?on
of
transforma?onal
impacts
• Full
endorsement
and
support
by
the
na?onal
government
• Significant
GHG
reduc?on
poten?al
• Improved
livelihoods.
Source:
h/p://www.nama-­‐facility.org

15. Main
technical
barriers
for
implementa#on:
Data
availability
for
monitoring
Lack
of
ac#vity
data
Missing
baseline
data
High
uncertainty
in
data
and
emissions
factors
High
variability
of
data
between
agencies
Incomplete
data
• The
ac?vity
data
collec?on
is
required
for
MRV
systems
development.
• GHG
measurements
are
necessary
if
the
country
wants
to
develop
country-­‐
specific
emission
factors.
• To
start
with,
the
system
can
be
constructed
relying
on
the
IPCC
emission
factors.
• It
is
possible
to
apply
for
NAMA
funding
in
order
to
develop
a
MRV
system.

16.
Overcoming
knowledge
barrier
-­‐
New
FAO’s
NAMA
learning
tool
for
agriculture
and
land
use
sectors
Module
1
Climate
change
and
agriculture
Module
2
Background
on
NAMAs
Module
3
Step
by
Step
NAMA
Development
Module
4
Monitoring,
repor#ng
and
verifica#on
(MRV)
Module
5
NAMA
financing
Structure
of
the
tool
To
overcome
knowledge
barrier
FAO
develops
NAMA
tool
for
agriculture
and
land
use
which
aims
to
help
agriculture
sector
stakeholders
get
started
with
NAMA
iden?fica?on
and
planning.
Format
Web-­‐based
detailed
guidance,
Available
for
individual
learning
online
in
May
2015.

17. FAO’s
support
for
NAMA
development
Knowledge
and
policy
support
Publica#ons:
• Na?onal
planning
for
GHG
mi?ga?on
in
agriculture
-­‐
A
guidance
document
• Na?onal
integrated
mi?ga?on
planning
in
agriculture:
A
review
paper
Webinars,
workshops
and
online
community
of
prac#ce:
• Gekng
ready
for
the
Na?onally
Appropriate
Mi?ga?on
Ac?ons
in
Agriculture
• Online
community
of
prac?ce
for
people
involved
in
NAMAs
in
the
agriculture
sector
Tools:
• GHG
monitoring
and
scenarios
comparison:
FAO
EX-­‐ACT
tool
• Land
use
change
monitoring:
FAO
Collect
Earth
• Data
development:
FAOSTAT

18.
Alterna#ve
mechanism
for
scaling-­‐up
Na#onal
adapta#on
plans
(NAPs)
Currently,
FAO’s
aims
to
• Develop
agriculture
specific
roadmap
for
NAPs
• Strengthen
Ministries
of
Agriculture
as
key
stakeholder
in
the
NAPs
process
• Establish
baseline
on
adapta#on
• Conduct
advocacy,
capacity
building
and
knowledge
sharing
on
NAPs
• Iden?fy
climate
finance
for
adapta#on
ac#on
FAO
and
FAO/UNDP
NAPs
Global
Programme
2015-­‐2018
Target
Countries:
Kenya,
Malawi,
Nepal,
Philippines,
Thailand,
Uganda,
Uruguay,
Vietnam,
Zambia
Dedicated
finance:
US$
13
M
For further details contact:
Julia.Wolf@fao.org
Claudia.Garcia@fao.org
In
2010
during
COP
16
of
the
UNFCCC
was
established
a
process
to
enable
least
developed
countries
and
later
developing
countries
to
formulate
and
implement
NAPs
for
medium-­‐
and
long-­‐term
adapta#on
needs.

19. Conclusions
• Funds
available
for
NAMAs
can
be
used
for
scaling-­‐up
CSA
prac?ces.
• NAMA
development
requires
engagement
of
all
stakeholders.
• Coopera?on
between
academia,
research
ins?tutes
and
policy
makers
is
essen?al.
• Researchers
can
provide
data
and
evidence
for
scaling-­‐up
CSA
prac?ces.

20. Thank
you
for
your
agen#on
More
informa#on
at:
www.fao.org/climatechange/micca
Contact:
armine.avagyan@fao.org
micca@fao.org