Modeling of Nubian Sand Stone Aquifer System ,By Dr. Omar Elbadawy, CEDARE , Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan

1. Land Resources Management
Near East
& North Africa
Modeling of Nubian Sand Stone Aquifer System

2. 3 0°
2 0°
10 °
0°
1 0°
30 °
20°
4 0°
T u n is ia
3 0°
40 °
M o ro cco
M
op i
c o
f
Ca
d
i
t
e
r
r
a n
e
a
n
S
e
a
r
3 0°
n ce
e
2 0°
Tr
S a u d i A ra b ia
A lg e ri a
Li b y a
E gy p t
d
Re
Se
M a u r it a n ia
a
20 °
1 0°
M a li
S ud a n
N i ge r
Chad
1 0°
E t h i o p ia
0°
N i g e r ia
C a m e ro o n
0°
1 0°
0°
1 0°
2 0°
30°
40 °

3. The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System






Total Area: 2.35 million km2
Area in Egypt: 850,000 km2
Area in Libya: 650,000 km2
Area in Sudan: 750,000 km2
Area in Chad: 100,000 km2
Estimated Volume: 150,000 km3

4. Overview of the Water Issues
Limited Renewable Water Resources
High Population Growth
Lack of Integrated Water Resources
Planning & Management
W hy ?
Increasing Cost of Supply Expansion

5. -ConsequencesIncreasing Gap between Demand &
Supply
Competing Sectoral Demands for the Same
Water Resources
Ground Water Pumping & Depletion of
Non-Renewable Aquifers
Social & Environmental Impacts

6. Other Effects of Groundwater
Overpumping- Sea water intrusion
 Groundwater
overpumping can
cause land to
sink, and
contaminate
freshwater aquifers
near coastal areas
with saltwater.
Figure 14-11

7. NSAS Programme?
 Updating the Knowledge on the Nubian Sandstone
Aquifer within a regional perspective
 Knowledge sharing and experience exchange among
the countries sharing the aquifer
 Building bridges for regional cooperation for the
sustainable utilization of the aquifer

8. Role of GIS





Inventory
Develop Unified Regional maps
Understanding the System
Integration Analysis
Input for Other Applications

9. 18 °
20 °
22 °
24 °
26 °
28 °
30 °
32 °
34 °
D e rn a
32°
Tu b ru q
%
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
3 2°
a
#
M a tr o u h
Po r t S a id
Ale x a n d r ia
#
#
%
Ajd a b iya
3 0°
30°
#
% C a ir o
# Su e z
#
Aw jila h
Ja lu
Al Ja g h b u b
Siw a
#
d
#
N i le
28°
2 8°
Al B a h a r ey a
a
#
Se
Ri v e
r
#
Re
#
As yu t
#
#
2 6°
26°
Al F a r a f r a
# T a ze rb o
Mut
#
#
Bz a y m a h
#
#
24°
Ku f r a
As w a n
#
#
E N
A
S E R
#
2 4°
R e b ya n a
Al K h a r g a
Ba r is
# M a ta n Bis h a r a
A K
2 2°
22°
L
Bir M is a h a
#
# W a d i H a lf a
# M a ta n As S a r r a
U zi
#
Se lim a O a s is
Bin i E r d e i
#
La q iy a A r b a in
Go u ro
#
T e kr o
#
#
O u n ia n g a K e b ir
#
O u n ia n g a S e r ir
# D o n g o la
N u k h e ila
#
#
Ka r im a
18°
Ed D e b b a
#
#
Fa d a
#
1 8°
#
ElA t r u n
F a ya La r g e a u
#
#
W adi Howar
1 6°
16°
2 0°
20°
#
Ko r o T o r o
#
Om d u rm a n
Kh a r t o u m
%
%
1 4°
14°
Topography
#
Be n g h a zi
20 °
22 °
24 °
26 °
28 °
30 °
32 °
34 °

10. 22°
0
26°
28°
150
U
%
M
1
0
20 0
10
2
32°
34°
e
d
U
%
i
t
e
r
r
a
M5a t ru h
0
1
e
a
n
S
e
a
7
A lex an dr ia
U
%
U
%
15 0
5
1 20 0
1 5
7 C a ir o
0 %
U
5
25
25
A l J ag hb oub
U
%
30 °
50
20 0
n
5
75
A jdab iy a
3 0°
30°
U
%
B e n in a
25
24°
D e rn a
25
U
%
U
%
2 8°
B a h a r i ya O a s i s
U
%
28 °
ea
d S
Re
S i w a O a s is
J alu
N i le
3 2°
50
32 °
0
35 0
30
Fa ra fr a O a s i s
U
%
2 6°
26 °
Q en a
U
%
Ta z ir b u
U
%
U
%
A s w an
D a k h l a O a s i s K h a rg a O a s i s
U
%
24 °
2 4°
25
U
%
K u f ra
A
K
U
%
L
2 2°
22 °
25
50
20 °
2 0°
25
75
O u n in g a -K e b i r
10
Fa y a - L a rg e a u
0
18 °
1 8°
U
%
U
%
15
0
0
0
1 6°
16 °
30 25
0 0
35
400 0
450
500
55 0
0
60 0
65
0 075 0
7
2
M alh a
U
%
14 °
1 4°
Average Annual Rainfall
Mm/year
20°
15
0
18°
K u tu m
U
%
20°
22°
24°
26°
28°
30°
32°
34°

11. 18 °
20 °
22 °
24 °
26 °
28 °
30 °
32 °
34 °
Tu b r u q
#
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
32°
a
#
M a t ro u h
#
#
P or t S aid
#
A lex an dr ia
#
A jdab iy a
30°
30°
#
A wjilah
J alu
#
S iwa
# S ue z
#
28°
#
A l B a h a r e ya
28°
Eg yp t
a
Se
R iv e r
d
L ib y a
N il e
#
C a ir o
Re
#
#
A l J ag hb ub
A s y ut
#
#
A l F a r a f ra
26°
26°
# Ta z e r b o
M ut
#
B z ay m ah
#
K u f ra
A s w an
#
#
E N
A S
ER
24°
#
A l K h ar ga
B ar is
24°
Re by an a
#
#
# M a t a n B i s h a ra
22°
22°
LA K
B ir M is ah a
#
# W a d i H a lf a
# M at an A s S ar r a
#
S elim a O a s is
B ini E r de i
#
L a q i ya A r b a i n
#
Te k r o
#
Cha d
O u n ia n g a K e b i r
#
O u n ia n g a S e r ir
#
Su d a n
K ar im a
#
E l A tr u n
Fa y a L a r g e a u
#
E d D e bba
#
#
Fa d a
#
#
W adi H o wa r
16°
16°
# Do ngo la
N u k h e il a
#
18°
18°
G o u ro
#
20°
20°
Uz i
#
K o r o To r o
#
O m d ur m an
K h a rt o u m
#
#
14°
14°
Geological map
32°
D e rn a
#
B en gha z i
20 °
22 °
24 °
26 °
28 °
30 °
32 °
34 °

12. 18°
22°
24°
26°
28°
30°
32°
34°
A'
M
B1 - 2
#
e
#
#
Da w a b is - 1
#
#
#
#
ZZ1 - 6
#
O 1 -8 2
3 0°
#
#
#
#
# #
LL L 1 - 6
G 1 -8 2
G 1 -9 7
#
#
#
#
F F 1 - 6 5 BB 1 -6 5
EE 1--6 5
#
U1 6 5
#
# #
#
AbEluG in d is h 1
o R oa
Ab u S e n n a n
#
#
#
#
C'
#
#
W a d i- e l r a y
#
#
Di yo r
#
Na s h fa - 1
Ba h a r iya 1
#
#
ba s 1 5
#
J1 - 8 1 a F o ra m 1
#
#
#
A1 - 8 1
#
#
ba s 1 4
#
#
P1 - 6 5
EE 1 -7D1 --6 5
D
11 65
#
C1 - 7 1
#
E1 - 8 1
# -65
H1
#
#
#
#
Am m o n it e- 1
F 1 -6 5
#
#
26 °
2 6°
W a d i E l N at
Ka tt a n ya 1
O 1 -6 5
T 2 -6 5
T 1 -6 5
#
a
NB 4 2 - 1
J1 - a#6-5 5
Y1
# 6
-
EX -3
#
Ex - 2
E1 - 6 5
# CC 1 - 6 5
e
#
#
#
Ab u G h ar a d #
i
#
#
B1 - 7 1
#
El D e so u q i
#
DD 1 - 7 1
S
#
#
#
#
n
Bu r g E l A r a
B'
Ba h r e in - 1
G 1 -1 2 6
T 1 -7 1
a
28 °
2 8°
N1 - 8 2
#
B1 - 6 5
e
ea
d S
Re
Z e ita n 1
Siw a 1
#
n
Sh a r ib - 1
G h o# u d 1
ro
W D 7 - 1 Ra b a t -1
G h a za la t -1
El- B a su r
#
Ko h la # - 1
2
Ko h la G ib b A fi G h o ra b - 1 Be tt y 1
a- 1
# # G ib b A fi a- 2 Kif a r -1
# N.
#
#Ain H us s e in W e st
A1 - 3 3
A1 - 8 2
#
# #
Q a tt a ra r im
#
B1 - 3 1
E1 - 3 1
B1 - 1 2
a
Ka n a yi s 1
Da b a a - 1
# Ab u S u b e ih a
N# h a za l a tG
#
#
#
r
30 °
G 1 -3 1
B1 - 1 1 4
r
Um b a rk a 1
Um m El- Q u s Sh u #h a n- 1
o
s
Fa g h u r 1 #
E1 - 4 7
#
W - Fa g h u r 1
C1 - 4 6
#
e
M a r sa M a t ru
#
#
t
Mamu ra 1
#
C
i
A- 1 9
I1 - 4 1
A1 - 8 8
d
H1 - 2
#
Ri v e r
#
A1 - 3 5
N ile
3 2°
B1 - 1 8
32 °
#
CR 1 - 6 5
#
A1 - 7 1
Da k h . Ba s in
#
ba s 1 3
M #s ar a - 3
a
#
D1 - 7 1
#
#
M a la a b E l K
# G a rm a sh i n e
Up p e r N i le P
#
#
HS 3
HS 1
24 °
2 4°
# 4
HS
#
#
A1 - N C- 4 3
DW K uDW r1
rk u
#
# #
B1 - N C- 4 3
#
ba s 1 0
#
ba s 1
DW 4
#
#
22 °
2 2°
Lo c vii
#
ba s 9
#
ba s 8
#
ba s 2
#
ba s 7
ba s 1 2
#
#
W S e lim a
20 °
2 0°
#
ba s 1 1
#
ct - 1
#
Um H il al
#
El Ba b
1 8°
#
#
18 °
B
El At r u n
ba s 6
#
En n e d i
#
W a d iw a rw a r
Ho H o
#
ba s 4
16 °
1 6°
#
A
ba s 5
#
14 °
1 4°
Location map of
cross-sections
20°
20°
22°
24°
26°
28°
30°
32°
34°

17. Top of the basement
(datum sea level)

18. Transmissivity map
Of NAS

19. 22 °
24 °
26 °
M
28 °
e
d
30°
t
e
r
r
a
n
32 °
e
a
n
34 °
S
0
e
a
30°
50
i
30 °
32°
50
-5 0
-7 2 . 2 0 -5 7 . 0 0
#
#
#
5
r
N ile R
iv e
28°
2
#
#
13 5 . 2 5
#
13 4 . 0 0
0
0
25 1 . 2 1
#
13 4 . 1 0
#
0
#
#
14 5 . 4 0
#
0
29 6 . 6 4
#
27 # . 1 0
7
#
12 1 . 0 0
14 1 . 8 0 #
15 3 . 1 0
35
27 7 . 0 0
# 26 9 . 1 0
#
# 15 0 . 0 0
#
0
26°
14 6 . 5 0
#
30 0
25 7 . 0 0
10
26°
14 9 . 2 0
0
#
15
#
25 0
0
20
14 8 . 9 2
23 5 . 9 7
28°
1
00
13 8 . 6 0
00
a
Se
2
18 9 . 6 3
#
#
d
1
14 3 . 9 0
12 8 . 8 0
0
10
#
Re
10 0
10 7 . 0 0
53 . 0 0
82 . 8 0
67 . 7 6#
#
73 . 0 9
96 . 0 6#
#
14 5 . 9 0 # # # . 7 6
42
#
#
13 8 . 6 0
96
52 . 4 0# . 5 0
14 8 . 2 0
#
#
28 6 . 6 0
#
30 7 . 0 2
#
84 #7 0
.
#
13 2 . 9 9 80 . 5 0
#
400
#
#
400
#
#
43 5 . 0 0
#
22°
#
3
0
Li b y a
55 0
0
27 6 . 0 0
0
#
20°
0
0
0
49 7 . 0 0
# 39 2 . 0 0
#
#
27 5 . 0 0
#
#
33 2 . 8 0
41 8 . 7 0
#
#
33 7 . 0 0
#
23 8 . 4 0 ## 25 3 . 7 7
#
14 5 . 0 0 23 1 . 0 0 # 29 2 . 2 0
#
48 4 . 0 0
46 1 . 3 6
#
#
39 5 . 1 0 #
#
3
41 0 . 0 0 41 1 . 8 0 47 6 .563 . 1 0
#
7
#
#
5
49 5 . 0 0
50 0
#
#
0
22 0 . 0 #
0
20 7 . 0 0#
22 2 . 0 0
#
24 3 . 0 0
#
S ud a n
5
39 0 . 0 0
#
18 7 . 0 0
Chad
50 9 . 0 0
18°
18°
50
37 6 . 8 3
0
0
#
49 0 . 0 0
#52 1 . 0 0
50 4 . 0 0 #
51 0 . 0 0
#
0
80
9 0 00
1 00
0
11 0
75 1 . 1 0
#
11 7 1 . 0 0
#
#
16°
23 2 . 0 0#
23 3 . 0 0
#
0
60
65 0
0
70
0
7
5
0
50
#
44 0 . 2 7#
250
29 4 . 0 0
# 32 4 . 0 0
42 0 . 0 0
50
#
40
0
0
45
#
3
3
24 7 . 0 0
0
0
41 5 . 4 0
#
#
35
20°
61 5 . 0 0
#
#52 9 . 0 0
40
40
#
16 2 . 5 5
15 2 . 8 5
#
0
60 0
52 9 . 0 0
41 9 . 6 0
5
22°
#
13 0 . 2 9
#
0
#
2
25 7 . 0 0
45
#
20
24 7 . 9 7
0
87
13 7 . 4 0 12 5L. A K
#
0
#
450
#
15
24 2 . 0 0
#
16°
#
11 2 . 5 0
#14 2 . 2 6
#
46 0 . 0 0
5
12 3 . 2 0
15 4 . 0 0
E gy p t
S ER
.
42 4 . 5 7 41 2# 1 6
#
50 0 . 0 0
12 6 . 1 0
#
24 2 . 0 0
#
NA
#
37 6 . 0 0
E
38 # . 7 5
7
41 0 . 8 8
#
#
40 0 . 4 4
37 6 . 6 0
24°
24°
14 0 . 1 0
#
82 3 . 5 0
#
75 6 . 0 071 8 . 8 0
#
#
67 5 . 4 0
14°
#
14°
Initial Water Level
of NAS
20 °
32°
18 °
62 3 . 5 062 7 . 0 0
#
#
68 8 . 4 0
#
20 °
22 °
24 °
26 °
28 °
30 °
32 °
34 °

20. 18°
22°
24°
26°
28°
30°
32°
34°
D e rn a
3 2°
#
Be n g h a z i
Tu b ru q
%
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
32 °
a
#
M a tr o u h
Po r t S a id
Ale x a n d r ia
#
#
%
Ajd a b iy a
30 °
3 0°
#
% C a ir o
#
Su e z
#
#
Aw jila h
J a lu
Al J a g h b u b
Siw a
#
#
#
Al B a h a r ey a
N ile
2 8°
R iv e
r
Siw a
28 °
ea
d S
Re
#
El B a h a r ia
As y u t
El F a r a f r a
#
#
26 °
2 6°
Al F a r a f r a
El D a k h la
#
T a ze rb o
Mut
T a ze rb o
#
#
Bz a y m a h
#
#
2 4°
#
El K h a r g a
Ku f r a
24 °
R e b ya n a
Al K h a r g a
Ba r is
As w a n
#
#
S ER
E
To
L A K
22 °
2 2°
Ea s t O w e in a t
N A
sh
Al
M a ta n Bis h a r a
Da
rb
S. E . K u fr a
#
ka
Ar
ba
in
S. W . K u fr a
Bir M is a h a
#
#
#
U zi
#
#
Se lim a O a s is
20 °
2 0°
W a d i H a lf a
M a ta n As S a r r a
Bin i E r d e i
#
La q iy a A r b a in
Go u ro
#
#
T e kro
#
O u n ia n g a K e b ir
#
O u n ia n g a S e r ir
#
#
N u k h e ila
D o n g o la
#
Ka r im a
F a y a La r g e a u
#
#
Fa d a
#
W adi Howar
16 °
1 6°
Ed D e b b a
#
#
18 °
1 8°
#
ElA t r u n
Ko r o T o r o
#
Om d u rm a n
% Kh a r t o u m
%
14 °
1 4°
Extraction zones
of NAS
20°
20°
22°
24°
26°
28°
30°
32°
34°

21. Figure (5.19) - Water Level Hydrographs of Observation Wells
in Kharga Oasis
Water Elevation in m from sea level
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
-20.00
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00
Year
Umm El-Qusur
El Malaa
El-Kharga 8
Garmashin 23
West Sanddune
Baris 20

22. 30 °
30 ° 3 0 '
31 °
Um m El Q u
$
43 . 5 1
$
EL M a h a ri
34 . 8 3
$
2 5° 3 0 '
25°30'
50
0 EL M a la a
6$
EL K h a r g a
62 . 3 0
1
0
22 3 7
25 . 2 8
$
EL K h a r g a
61 . 0 9
20
20 . 7
$
$
$
40
Ph o s p h at
Ph o s p h at
3. 6 8
3. 9 2
30
M ala ab E L
$
$
10
Ea s t Bu la
18 . 9 3
Bu la q - 1
30 . 8 2
Bu la q - 1
Bu la q - 1
G a rm a sh i n
5
$ $
$
33 . 0 2
w sa n d d e
35 . 6 6
30 . 8 2
$
G a rm a sh i n
25°
$
$
26 . 8 3
G a rm a sh i n
25°
$
26 . 7 5
G a rm a sh i n
28 . 6 8
3
0
$
18 . 1 3
Ba r is - 2
2 4° 3 0 '
24°30'
20
10
$
No r t h A b u
9. 4 0
5
Water Level Iso-decline in Kharga
24°
So u th Ab u
30 °
30 ° 3 0 '
24°
$
0. 6 7

23. 2 3°
2 3°15 '
2 3°30 '
2 3°45 '
$ P3 5
2 4°15 '
$ P3 6
0
2 4°1 5'
#
$ P1 7
#
#
#
P1
P2
#
#
#
P2 0
# #
# #
#
#
#
# # $# # # # # $ P1 1 # #
#
#
#
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#
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#
P1 8
#
$
$
#
$ P1 4
#
# #
# # #
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# P2 2 P8
#
20
#$
# #
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#
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#
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#
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#
P2 1
#
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# $ # P1 2 1 5
# #
P1 9
#
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#
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#
# #
# # # #
#
# # # # # #
#
#
# # #
# # # #
#
# #
$ P1 3
#
#
#
# #
#
# #
#
# #
$ P6
# #
# #
$ P1 6
#
#
# #
10
# # # #
# # # # $ P2 1 2 2
# # #
# $ P2 3 1 1
#
#
#
#
# $
# # # # P2 2 3 2
#
$ #
$
2 4°
$ P3 7
$ P3 4
$
2 4°
5
P2 8
$ P9
$
$ P3 3
P3 0
0
23 °45 '
2 3 °4 5'
$ P1 0
2 3°
$ P3 1
Water Level Iso-decline in Kufra
23 °1 5'
23 °3 0'
23 °4 5'

24. 21 °30 '
2 2°
2 2°30 '
2 8°
2 1°
PZ -1 0 D P
$
28 °
PZ -9 D P
$
$
2
PZ -1 1 D P
4
1
3
60 d
$
$
PZ -1 8 D P
Pz -8
$ $
PZ -4 D P
$
6
$
5
PZ -1 4 D P
PZ -1 5 D P
59 d
$
PZ -5 D P
$
PZ -1 3 D P
$
PZ -3 D P
$
6
PZ -1 2 D P
5
$
PZ -6 D P
PZ -1 6 D P
4
2 7°30'
$
$
3
2 7°3 0'
$
3
$
##### ############ ########
#### ##########
56 d
$
PZ -1 7 D PPZ -7 D P
7
62 d
1
4
##### ############ ############ ###
#######
58 d
57 d
$
$
$
2
2
################################55 d
$#########
#
Ex$
3
64 d
$
1
PZ -3 3 - D P
$
2
PZ -4 4 D P
Pz 5 2
$
PZ -4 3 D P
$
5
2 7°
$
4
0
3
1
$
2
0
54 d
Pz 3 8
$
Pz 3 7
$
$
27 °
$
A- 1 30 /0 1
PZ -4 5 D P
B- 1 29
$
PZ -4 2 D P
$
PZ -3 4 D P
$
PZ -4 6 D P
$
PZ -5 0 D P
$
$
PZ -4 1 D P
$
PZ -2 - D P
PZ -3 9 D P
$
PZ -1 D P
$
5
PZ -4 7 D P
$
6
PZ -3 6 D P
$
PZ -4 9 D P
$
PZ -4 0 D P
$
7
A- 1 00 /0 2 (
$
T(H 1 - 6 5 )
$
PZ -4 8 D P
$
2 1°
2 1 °3 0'
Water Level Iso-decline in Saris
22 °
22 °30 '

25. Water level drop
from 8000 BP
to 1960
Nubian

26. Nubian - Simulated drawdown 1960-1998
D e rn a
B e n g h a zi
T u b ru q
5 0 .0 0
M a tro u h
P o rt S a id
A le xa n d ria
800000
A jd a b iya
4 0 .0 0
C a iro
Suez
Al Jaghbub
600000
A w jila h
Ja lu
3 0 .0 0
S iw a
B a h a re y a
2 0 .0 0
400000
Asyut
F a ra fra
1 0 .0 0
T a z e rb o
200000
Bzaym ah
R e b ya n a
0 .5 0
K h a rg a
M ut
B a ris
Al Jaw f
A sw a n
0
B ir T a rfa w i
M a ta n B ish a ra
B ir S a fs a f
O w ie n a t W 3 0
-2 0 0 0 0 0
B ir M is a h a
W a d i H a lfa
M a ta n A s S a rra
S e lim a O a sis
U zi
-4 0 0 0 0 0
B in i E rd e i
L a q iya A rb a in
G o u ro
T e kro

27. Simulation 00 - Nubian - Drawdown 2000-2060
meters
Derna
Benghazi
24.0
Tubruq
22.0
800000
Matrouh
Port Said
Alexandr ia
20.0
Ajdabiya
18.0
Cairo
16.0
Suez
14.0
Al Jaghbub
600000
Awjilah
Jalu
12.0
Siwa
i a
S w
10.0
8.0
Bahareya
E l a r
B h i
a
6.0
400000
4.0
Asyut
F arafra
E l a f
F r r
a
2.0
0.5
-0.2
Tazerbo
200000
D
l k l
E a h
a
Kharga
Mut
a e o
T z b
r
-2.0
E l h g
K a a
r
Bzaymah
-4.0
Bar is
Rebyana
Al Jawf
Aswan
u r
K f
a
u r
K f
a
0
-6.0
-8.0
u r
K f
a
S . K f
W u r
a
-10.0
T u k
h
s a
Bir Tarfawi
S . . f
E K r
u a
Matan Bishara
Bir Safsaf
-12.0
T u k
h
s a
T u k
h
s a
-14.0
T u k
h
s a
Owienat W30
Bir Misaha
-200000
Wadi Halfa
Matan As Sarra
Extraction zone
existing or
planned
Selima Oasis
-400000
Laqiya Arbain
Tekro
Ounianga Kebir
Ounianga Ser ir
Dongola
Nukheila
Karima
-600000
ElAtrun
Fada
Ed Debba
Wadi Howar
-800000
Oum Chalouba
Omdurman
Khartoum

28. 22°
24°
26°
M
e
28°
d
i
t
e
30°
r
r
a
n
32°
e
a
n
S
34°
e
32 °
a
3 0°
30 °
EL - K if a r
#
Siw a
#
2 8°
#
#
#
#
#
2 6°
#
#
#
#
S- 1 0
PZ 1 8
P- 1 6
PZ 1 6
#
P- 3 4
#
#
# #
# ## # ##
#
## #
#
#
#
#
P- 3 7
M a la a b E l- K h e il
#
# W . S and Dune
#
#
So u t h M u t
Kh a r g a - A r m a n t R oa d
#
N o r th A b u- B a y an
N . E l- G ilf E l- K e bir
24 °
TE -0 7
P- 2 6
2 4°
Q u r E l- M a le k
#
PZ - 6 1 8
TE -0 5
#
26 °
PZ - 2 1 8
#
#
#
28 °
S- 0 2
S- 0 3
Sh e ik h M a r z o uk T .W . I
#
S- 0 1
TE -0 2
#
##
###
a
El- H e iz
#
TE -0 3
TE -0 4
#
Se
Ni l e R
i ve r
d
Re
S. A l Ja g h b u b
#
P- 3 3
P- 1 0
P- 3 1
#
D a r b E l- A r b a iin
2 2°
22 °
#
T o sh k a
Ea s t O w e in a t N o . 7
#
SK D - 2 4
#
# W e s t S lim a
2 0°
20 °
Go u ro
#
O u v r a G e is ole
#
# U m H ila l
1 8°
18 °
# Q a a b E l- Ba b
Ga o u r
#
# Al A tr u n
1 6°
16 °
14 °
1 4°
Monitoring Network
of NAS
20°
3 2°
18°
20°
22°
24°
26°
28°
30°
32°
34°

29. Thank You