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1. Overview of the status of soilOverview of the status of soil
resource in Uganda, and the needs
and priorities for its sustainable
managementmanagement
O S l l & K ki C K i iOnesmus Semalulu & Kayuki C. Kaizzi
NARO‐Kawanda
2. Overview
• Location : Uganda lies astride the Equator,
between latitudes 4o 12´ N and 1o 29´ S and
longitudes 29o 34´ W, and 35o 0´ E.
• Size: Total land area 241, 548 km2 of which
about 15% is covered by water bodiesy
• Population : About 32 Million People• Population : About 32 Million People
• Population Growth: 3.2 % per annum
3. Climate and TopographyClimate and Topography
• ClimateClimate
– Temperature range: 15o ‐ 30o C.
Annual Rainfall range: 750 to 1500 mm– Annual Rainfall range: 750 to 1500 mm
T h• Topography
‐ Mainly, lying between 1000 ‐ 2500 metres above
l lsea level.
5. Inherent productivity rating of Uganda soils
High-Veryhigh
Moderate-High
Low-Moderate
Very Low-Low– High ‐ 8%
N
EW
S
– Medium – 14%
– Fair ‐ 43%
50 0 50 Kilometers
– Low – 30%
– Negligible ‐ 5%
‐Varying productivity
depending on placedepending on place
‐ Research indicates declining
soil fertility due to nutrient
i i d littl
Fig. 3: Inherent fertility of Uganda soils
(based on grading in the soil memoirs, 1960s)
mining and little or no
replenishment of nutrients
8. Challenges facing the soil resource in general
Uganda Soil Erosion Hazard Map
N
EW
S
Northern Shore Streams
Eastern Shore Streams
Katonga
S
L. Victoria
Bukora
Kagera
Very low
Low
Subcatchment boundaries
Soil loss rate
40 0 40 80 120 Kilometers Low
Moderate
High
Very high
40 0 40 80 120 Kilometers
Fig 7: Erosion hot spots in the Lake Victoria catchmentFig. 7: Erosion hot spots in the Lake Victoria catchment
10. Challenges facing the soil resource (cont’d)
• Lack of enforcement of Environment and
Natural Resource (ENR) Management policiesNatural Resource (ENR) Management policies
and regulations
• Poor waste disposal• Poor waste disposal
• Lack of an updated soils inventory/map
S il t d t th il d t b• Soil survey to update the soils database very
expensive!
S il l i t th hi h f f (US $• Soil analysis cost rather high for farmers (US $
11.5 for a routine test: pH, OM, N, P, K, Ca,
Mg texture)Mg, texture)
11. Current efforts to address soil
h llmanagement challenges
• Generating and promoting ISFM interventions• Generating and promoting ISFM interventions
(SLM, CA, linking ISFM to profitable
enterprises, etc.)enterprises, etc.)
• Multi‐institutional/stakeholder collaborative
projectsprojects
• Updating fertiliser recommendations for
major cropsmajor crops
• Updating the soils information to meet
requirementsrequirements
12. Current efforts to address soil
h ll ( ’d)management challenges (cont’d)
bl h f• Public‐private partnerships in information
dissemination
idi il i i f d• Providing soil testing service to farmers and
private sector
P li i i ( d l i• Policy interventions (e.g. developing a
fertiliser strategy, govt support to fertiliser use
through NAADS)through NAADS)
• A number of projects by development
partnerspartners
13. Needs and priorities for sustainable soil management
• Promote sustainable land/soil management
– Sensitise grassroot communities on sustainable land
management
Innovative ways of disseminating soil management– Innovative ways of disseminating soil management
information
• Improve information management andImprove information management and
dissemination systems
• Improved networking and information/data p g /
sharing among institutions/departments
14. Needs and priorities for sustainable soil management
(cont’d)(cont d)
• Increased support to soils research• Increased support to soils research
• Soils inventory update / soil survey and land
se planninguse planning
• Policy intervention (e.g. enforcement of ENR
policies and legislation, formulate a land use
policy, increase budgetary support to
)agriculture and ENR programs)