http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/ The State of Food and Agriculture 2016. Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security. Rome 17 October 2016 © FAO: http://www.fao.org

1. Rome | 17 October 2016

2. Good news: The global community is taking notice
Why a report on climate, agriculture and food security?
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 2 / 12
AT THE
SAME TIME
For agriculture to adapt and contribute to mitigation,
business as usual is not the answer
Climate change is already
having an impact on
agriculture with severe
implications for food security
The agriculture sectors
contribute to climate change
with 21% of emissions

3. Climate change affects agricultural production
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 3 / 12
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2090-2109
(22)
2070-89
(134)
2050-69
(500)
2030-49
(250)
2010-29
(184)
Projected changes in crop yields for all locations worldwide owning to climate change
Percentage of Yield Projections (n= 1090)

4.  Serious implications from reductions in production and
productivity
 Smallholder agriculture particularly vulnerable to climate change
risks and impacts
 Rural women are among the most vulnerable
 Climate change could increase in poverty by between 35 and
122 million people by 2030
No eradication of global poverty without resilient
smallholder agriculture
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 4 /12

5. -4.4
-7.5
-7.8
-8.8
-12.0
-14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Integrated soil fertility management
Precision agriculture
Heat-tolerant crop varieties
No-till
Nitrogen-efficient crop varieties
Change in 2050 in the number of people at risk of hunger, relative to the baseline
scenario, after adoption of selected improved agricultural technologies
Percentage difference in population at risk
Solutions exist: Improved production systems enhance
food security
4/16
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 5/ 12

6. 4/16
Potential for mitigation exists, but varies by region
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
OECD- 1990 Latin America and
Caribbean
Middle East and Africa Asia
Thousands
Crop Livestock Forestry
Economic mitigation potential in the AFOLU sector in 2030, by region
Economic mitigation potential (Gt CO2
Note: Results reported for carbon prices of US$20 per tonne of CO2 eq
FAO Economic and Social Development Department
Significant potential for mitigation, but varies by region
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 6 / 12

7. Mitigation and adaptation need not be “either or”
 More efficient production and lower intensity of emissions
 Closing yield gaps (less inputs per unit of production)
 Increasing herd productivity (feed/output ratio)
 Creating carbon-rich landscapes:
 In forests
 In agriculture
Food security can go hand in hand with mitigation
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 7/12

8. Barriers to adoption of improved practices by smallholder
farmers
 Information
 Credit access & resource endowments
 Risk and shocks
 Groups/ social capital
 Land tenure security
 Labour availability
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 8/12
Changing farming practices: meeting the challenges

9. Interventions beyond farming practices are needed:
Diversification
Support to risk management – social protection
Reducing gender inequalities
Removing perverse incentives and harmful subsidies
Beyond the farm: Making livelihoods more resilient
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 9/12

10. Emissions beyond the farm can be reduced:
 Less losses and waste of food
 More sustainable diets
 Considering and assessing energy use in
modern food systems
Beyond the farm: GHG emissions’ reduction in food
systems
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 10/12

11.  Paris Commitments to be translated into policies
 NAPs to be integrated into agriculture, FSN policies
 In climate finance :Addressing the capacity challenge
 Financing the enabling environment for climate-smart
agriculture
 Mainstreaming climate change in domestic budgets
 Unlocking private capital for climate-smart agricultural
investment
Way Forward:
Policies and Climate Finance
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 15/16

12. The State of Food and Agriculture 2016
Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
Available in:
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish
http://fao.org/publications/sofa
For more information…
FAO Economic and Social Development Department 12/12
THE STATE
OF FOOD AND
AGRICULTURE
CLIMATE CHANGE,
AGRICULTURE
AND FOOD SECURITY